Rayleigh wave ellipticity measurements in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco

We combine Rayleigh wave ellipticity, or H/V (horizontal to vertical) amplitude ratios, measurements obtained using teleseismic earthquake recordings and ambient noise cross correlations to provide improved constraints on the crustal models across the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. To obtain the H/V ratios, we use more than 250 shallow (h<40 km) teleseismic events with magnitudes Mw>6.0 recorded at more than 450 seismic stations. We also use all the multicomponent ambient noise cross correlations computed for each station pair for the time period 2010 to 2012. Periods between 20 and 100 seconds are investigated. We observe a good agreement between the uppermost geological features of the crust and the obtained Rayleigh H/V ratios, with low values in major mountain ranges and high ratios in sedimentary basins. Combination of Rayleigh H/V ratio measurements from both earthquakes and ambient noise data with phase velocities and other types of seismic data will help to better constrain the Earth’s structure at different crustal levels

Evaluación de riesgos en construcción

En el centro de trabajo de una empresa de construcción, se realizan las actividades de construcción y reformas de viviendas en general, y en ocasiones, actúa como subcontrata ofreciendo la mano de obra y concertando diferentes partidas. Objetivos: Realizar una evaluación de riesgos en el sector de la construcción y elaborar una planificación de la actividad preventiva. Metodología: Se identifican riesgos relacionados con el puesto de albañil, y la maquinaria más utilizada que razonablemente pueden ser evitados según indica el Real Decreto 39/1997 elaborando la correspondiente ficha de identificación, su evaluación y la planificación de la actividad preventiva. Para la evaluación se utiliza el método desarrollado por el INSHT que basa la estimación del riesgo para cada peligro, en las consecuencias y la probabilidad de que ocurra. Resultados: En las fichas de evaluación de riesgos se incluye: probabilidad, consecuencias y estimación del riesgo de aquellos peligros que se han considerado relevantes y que no resultan evitables totalmente. Conclusiones: realizada la evaluación hemos detectado distintos peligros, a destacar: caídas de personas, caída de objetos, contactos eléctricos, incendios, exposición a cargas físicas y ruido. Las principales causas asociadas han sido, respectivamente: trabajos en altura, entrar en contacto con las partes activas de elementos en tensión y las características del cuadro eléctrico en general, ausencia de un plan de actuación frente a situaciones de emergencia, manipulación de cargas y uso de protectores auditivos. Tras conocer los distintos riesgos, elaboramos un plan de prevención en función de los peligros detectados

Gobierno de los bienes comunes como posible solución al conflicto de usos del suelo generado por la expansión de la frontera agrícola en el páramo de Sumapaz, municipio de Gutiérrez (Cundinamarca)

Colombia presenta una gama de conflictos de usos del suelo derivada de las dinámicas de ocupación y de la normativa de ordenamiento territorial abstracta. Se propondrá una alternativa de solución a estos conflictos basada en la auto-organización de la comunidad.The colombian rural area presents a wide range of conflicts of the uses of the land that have emerged because of the dinamics of the occupation and from a land using regulation that is away of the reality of the territories. This document proposes an alternative solution to the conflict of the use of land based on the self-organization of the community

Políticas públicas de seguridad ciudadana en el distrito capital

El artículo analiza las crisis de seguridad o crisis delictivas como mi fenómeno constante de las sociedades contemporáneas, que amenaza con convenirse en situaciones crónicas de inseguridad en las ciudades y en consecuencia en un problema de orden político, Introduce un interesante débate alrededor de los Delitos Menores y de la Seguridad ciudadana como eficacia de derechos de las personas y a partir de las tendencias criminológicas contemporáneas y de la Política Social, contempla la posibilidad de una Política Criminal alternativa, tendiente a fortalecer las Políticas de Prevención en relación con las infracciones menores en el Distrito Capital. Analiza la seguridad ciudadana desde un enfoque de Política Pública y a partir del análisis de las agendas gubernamentales y de la evaluación estratégica de la acción del Estado, identifica tendencias, actores y escenarios de conflictividad. y establece lineamientos para la formulación de una Política Integral de seguridad ciudadana para la ciudad de Bogot

Effect of Chitin Whiskers on the Molecular Dynamics of Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposites

[EN] Films of carrageenan (KC) and glycerol (g) with different contents of chitin nanowhiskers (CHW) were prepared by a solution casting process. The molecular dynamics of pure carrageenan (KC), carrageenan/glycerol (KCg) and KCg with different quantities of CHWs as a filler was studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The analysis of the CHW effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition, T-g, indicates that non-attractive intermolecular interactions between KCg and CHW occur. The fragility index increased upon CHW incorporation, due to a reduction in the polymer chains mobility produced by the CHW confinement of the KCg network. The apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at T-g slightly increased with the CHW content. The filler nature effect, CHW or montmorillonite (MMT), on the dynamic mobility of the composites was analyzed by comparing the dynamic behavior of both carrageenan-based composites (KCg/xCHW, KCg/xMMT).This research was funded by the DGCYT grant number [MAT2015-63955-R] and the Vice-Rectorate for Research of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru and the the Peruvian Science and Technology Program (INNOVATE-PERU) And The APC was funded by MDPI.Carsí Rosique, M.; Sanchis Sánchez, MJ.; Gómez, CM.; Rodriguez, S.; García-Torres, F. (2019). Effect of Chitin Whiskers on the Molecular Dynamics of Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers. 11(6):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11061083116116Zheng, Y., Monty, J., & Linhardt, R. J. (2015). Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites and their applications. Carbohydrate Research, 405, 23-32. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.016Jamróz, E., Kulawik, P., & Kopel, P. (2019). The Effect of Nanofillers on the Functional Properties of Biopolymer-Based Films: A Review. Polymers, 11(4), 675. doi:10.3390/polym11040675Park, S.-B., Lih, E., Park, K.-S., Joung, Y. K., & Han, D. K. (2017). Biopolymer-based functional composites for medical applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 68, 77-105. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.12.003Xie, F., Pollet, E., Halley, P. J., & Avérous, L. (2013). Starch-based nano-biocomposites. Progress in Polymer Science, 38(10-11), 1590-1628. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.002Zhang, R., Wang, X., Wang, J., & Cheng, M. (2018). Synthesis and Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan/Carrageenan/Nano-silica Films for the Preservation of Postharvest White Mushrooms. Polymers, 11(1), 6. doi:10.3390/polym11010006Rhim, J.-W., Park, H.-M., & Ha, C.-S. (2013). Bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 38(10-11), 1629-1652. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.008Müller, K., Bugnicourt, E., Latorre, M., Jorda, M., Echegoyen Sanz, Y., Lagaron, J., … Schmid, M. (2017). Review on the Processing and Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites and Nanocoatings and Their Applications in the Packaging, Automotive and Solar Energy Fields. Nanomaterials, 7(4), 74. doi:10.3390/nano7040074Shankar, S., Reddy, J. P., Rhim, J.-W., & Kim, H.-Y. (2015). Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of chitin nanofibrils reinforced carrageenan nanocomposite films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 117, 468-475. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.010Corvaglia, S., Rodriguez, S., Bardi, G., Torres, F. G., & Lopez, D. (2016). Chitin whiskers reinforced carrageenan films as low adhesion cell substrates. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, 65(11), 574-580. doi:10.1080/00914037.2016.1149846Shojaee-Aliabadi, S., Mohammadifar, M. A., Hosseini, H., Mohammadi, A., Ghasemlou, M., Hosseini, S. M., … Khaksar, R. (2014). Characterization of nanobiocomposite kappa-carrageenan film with Zataria multiflora essential oil and nanoclay. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 69, 282-289. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.015Reddy, M. M., Vivekanandhan, S., Misra, M., Bhatia, S. K., & Mohanty, A. K. (2013). Biobased plastics and bionanocomposites: Current status and future opportunities. Progress in Polymer Science, 38(10-11), 1653-1689. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.006Wang, P., Zhao, X., Lv, Y., Li, M., Liu, X., Li, G., & Yu, G. (2012). Structural and compositional characteristics of hybrid carrageenans from red algae Chondracanthus chamissoi. Carbohydrate Polymers, 89(3), 914-919. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.034Byankina (Barabanova), A. O., Sokolova, E. V., Anastyuk, S. D., Isakov, V. V., Glazunov, V. P., Volod’ko, A. V., … Yermak, I. M. (2013). 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New Journal of Chemistry, 39(1), 614-620. doi:10.1039/c4nj01522cKameda, T., Miyazawa, M., Ono, H., & Yoshida, M. (2005). Hydrogen Bonding Structure and Stability of?-Chitin Studied by13C Solid-State NMR. Macromolecular Bioscience, 5(2), 103-106. doi:10.1002/mabi.200400142MARCHESSAULT, R. H., MOREHEAD, F. F., & WALTER, N. M. (1959). Liquid Crystal Systems from Fibrillar Polysaccharides. Nature, 184(4686), 632-633. doi:10.1038/184632a0Paillet, M., & Dufresne, A. (2001). Chitin Whisker Reinforced Thermoplastic Nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 34(19), 6527-6530. doi:10.1021/ma002049vGopalan Nair, K., & Dufresne, A. (2003). Crab Shell Chitin Whisker Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites. 1. Processing and Swelling Behavior. Biomacromolecules, 4(3), 657-665. doi:10.1021/bm020127bHuang, Y., Yao, M., Zheng, X., Liang, X., Su, X., Zhang, Y., … Zhang, L. (2015). Effects of Chitin Whiskers on Physical Properties and Osteoblast Culture of Alginate Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules, 16(11), 3499-3507. doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00928Morin, A., & Dufresne, A. (2002). Nanocomposites of Chitin Whiskers from Riftia Tubes and Poly(caprolactone). Macromolecules, 35(6), 2190-2199. doi:10.1021/ma011493aWatthanaphanit, A., Supaphol, P., Tamura, H., Tokura, S., & Rujiravanit, R. (2008). Fabrication, structure, and properties of chitin whisker-reinforced alginate nanocomposite fibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 110(2), 890-899. doi:10.1002/app.28634Salaberria, A. M., Diaz, R. H., Labidi, J., & Fernandes, S. C. M. (2015). Preparing valuable renewable nanocomposite films based exclusively on oceanic biomass – Chitin nanofillers and chitosan. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 89, 31-39. doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.03.003Rodríguez, S., Gatto, F., Pesce, L., Canale, C., Pompa, P. P., Bardi, G., … Torres, F. G. (2017). 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Learning veterinary anatomy playing cards

Gamification is a dynamic tool for educational transformation useful to encourage student interest and enhance learning. Here we present a study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of an educational card game developed by us in veterinary anatomy practicals to reinforce knowledge acquisition in veterinary students. A total of four sets of cards were designed, each one with different anatomical topics (structure identification, articulation and positioning, clinical anatomy, and comparative anatomy); students were arranged in small groups (7–10 students per group) and played the game at the end of each anatomy practical session, discussing the corresponding questions, randomly chosen, as a team. This activity was highly valued by students, most of whom (>80%) expressed that the game was enjoyable, challenging, helpful to improve their knowledge and understanding in clinical anatomy, and effective for anatomy exam preparation. Thus, the use of educational games in practical sessions seems to improve student engagement in the learning process individually and as a team.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The development and implementation of a card game as a training resource that allows learning veterinary anatomy in a motivating and cooperative environment, promoting teamwork, relationships, and trust and communication between colleagues, is described. Stimulating the ability to solve problems as a team has provided help to students preparing for their exams in a more dynamic and enjoyable way.The authors are supported by Universidad CEU CardenalHerrera (PI83A-VV-19)Veterinari

Real-Time Processing Library for Open-Source Hardware Biomedical Sensors

Applications involving data acquisition from sensors need samples at a preset frequency rate, the filtering out of noise and/or analysis of certain frequency components. We propose a novel software architecture based on open-software hardware platforms which allows programmers to create data streams from input channels and easily implement filters and frequency analysis objects. The performances of the different classes given in the size of memory allocated and execution time (number of clock cycles) were analyzed in the low-cost platform Arduino Genuino. In addition, 11 people took part in an experiment in which they had to implement several exercises and complete a usability test. Sampling rates under 250 Hz (typical for many biomedical applications) makes it feasible to implement filters, sliding windows and Fourier analysis, operating in real time. Participants rated software usability at 70.2 out of 100 and the ease of use when implementing several signal processing applications was rated at just over 4.4 out of 5. Participants showed their intention of using this software because it was percieved as useful and very easy to use. The performances of the library showed that it may be appropriate for implementing small biomedical real-time applications or for human movement monitoring, even in a simple open-source hardware device like Arduino Genuino. The general perception about this library is that it is easy to use and intuitive