Capital humano y crecimiento económico

En este trabajo se construye un modelo de generaciones solapadas en tiempo continuo, crecimiento endógeno y con incertidumbre sobre el horizonte temporal de los individuos. El motor del crecimiento económico es el capital humano, que podrá acumularse a través de la educación formal y por el aprendizaje por la práctica. En este entorno, se obtienen cuáles son los determinantes del periodo de educación superior así como de la tasa de crecimiento económico a largo plazo, y se estudia cómo les afecta, en el caso español, la variación de la edad de escolarización obligatoria o los incentivos a la mejora del rendimiento en la educación superior

The Importance of different forms of social capital for happiness in Europe: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model (GSEM)

Producción CientíficaThis paper investigates the effects of different dimensions of social capital ​on happiness of Europeans. Unlike other studies, a categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) is applied to obtain the dimensions of social capital. The data used come from the ninth wave of the European Social Survey (ESS), year 2018. Happiness is modelled using a multilevel structural equations model (GSEM) by country to study the role of social capital in Europeans' happiness, when controlling for the effect of factors such as gender, unemployment, age, low income, higher education, and living with a partner. Social capital is measured as a multidimensional concept composed of institutional trust, social trust, social ties and voluntary association, civility and sense of belonging, and religiosity. Among the results, we found that the five dimensions that build social capital have a positive impact on happiness. In addition to the positive effects of social capital, the control variables have the expected impact. In a context marked by growing individualism and social isolation, the results of this work can guide policy makers in using the dimensions of social capital to increase the subjective well-being of the population.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Gender wage gap and education: a stochastic frontier approach

Producción CientíficaPurpose The purpose of this paper is to get deeper insight into the measurement of gender wage gap. A proper method to identify which part of gender wage differences is due to discrimination against women is provided, and the relationship between wage differences and education is studied. Design/methodology/approach The stochastic frontier approach is employed to measure wage discrimination against women by using Spanish data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Mentioned technique allows the authors to split the gender wage gap of workers displaying the same characteristics into two components: the first measures inefficiency in the job search process caused by imperfect information or gender differences concerning preferences regarding working conditions, where as the second takes account of discrimination. Findings A significant level of discrimination is found in the Spanish labour market at all educational levels, but this problem is quantitatively more important when low-educated workers are studied, and gender discrimination is lower for highly educated women. Originality/value In this paper, workers’ potential wage is estimated, and gender discrimination is measured by the gender potential wage gap, since it is not dependent on other wage determinants such as diverse preferences, unmeasured working abilities or imperfect information.2019-11-012019-11-01Spanish Institute for Women Exp: 38-12 and Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitivenes, National R&D Programme, FEM2013-433993-

Población y empleo en las regiones europeas

Producción CientíficaEste trabajo investiga la relación entre las variaciones de la población y del empleo de las regiones de la Unión Europea. El trabajo comienza con el análisis del caso particular de una región extensa y cada vez más despoblada, para posterior-mente examinar la evolución de las regiones españolas para el periodo 1955-2004 y del conjunto de regiones de la UE15 para el periodo 1983-2003. Los resultados corroboran que, sin olvidar otros aspectos relacionados con la calidad de vida, las condiciones de empleo constituyen un factor importante a la hora de fijar de la población en un determinado territorio, sobre todo a largo plazo

Quality of Later Life in Europe: An Econometric Analysis

Producción CientíficaThe aim of this chapter is to explore the determinants of the quality of life of people aged 60 and over in 26 European countries from a double perspective: individual and spatial. We draw on the latest data available from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (7th wave). To achieve our purpose, a synthetic indicator of quality of life is first obtained, as an alternative to the CASP12 scale that provides said survey. Several econometric models are then estimated to analyse the most decisive factors in explaining the quality of life in older European adults. In 17 of the 26 countries, ceteris paribus, older citizens have a quality of life that is clearly worse than that of the nine countries that make up the Nordic and continental groups. The results of the econometric models bear out the deep-rooted differences between countries vis-à-vis the quality of life of our elderly peopleDepartamento de Fundamentos de Análisis EconómicoJunta de Castilla y León (project VA112G19

Handbook of Active Ageing and Quality of Life: From Concepts to Applications

La edición de este libro estuvo a cargo de Fermina Rojo-Pérez y Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas.El documento adjunto contiene la cubierta, portada e índice del libro.This handbook presents an overview of studies on the relationship of active ageing and quality of life. It addresses the new challenges of ageing from the paradigm of positive ageing (active, healthy and successful) for a better quality of life. It provides theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, including scientific knowledge as well as practical experiences about the good ageing and the quality of later life around the world, in order to respond to the challenges of an aged population. The handbook is structured in 4 sections covering theoretical and conceptual perspectives, social policy issues and research agenda, methods, measurement instrument-scales and evaluations, and lastly application studies including domains and geographical contexts.Peer reviewe

Social capital as an element of impact on public health: a gender gap analysis for Spain

The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of health, not only for physical but also mental well-being. The isolation to which the population was subjected in many countries drastically reduced social interaction at that time and emphasized the relevance of social capital. The aim of this article is to study the importance of social capital in health, and its impact in gender inequalities, in order to provide guidance on social policy that contributes to the reduction of the gender health gap. We used the Spanish data from the European Survey on Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Spain is a representative country of Southern Europe, where there are strong gender inequalities in health, especially among the elderly. The selected sample includes the population aged 25 years and over. In total, 25,054 individuals were considered, of whom 47% were men and 53% were women. Self-rated health was used as a general indicator of health status. Different sociodemographic variables and various social capital variables, such as satisfaction with social relationships or meeting with family and friends, were included in the analysis. In order to carry out this analysis, several multivariate logistic estimations were performed. In our results, social capital variables were highly significant and positively associated with perceived health. In the case of women, there is a strong positive association, especially relevant for older women (over 75) and those with lower levels of education (no education or primary education). In both cases, these are the most vulnerable women, who report a poorer health status, with a gender gap in health particularly intense in our estimations for older women. In conclusion, social policies supporting elderly women, promoting participation in group activities and facilitating relationships with others, constitute a strategy of great impact on their perception of health

Globalización, comercio y desempleo en los países de la UE

En este trabajo vamos a contrastar empíricamente los efectos de la globalización sobre el crecimiento y el empleo, puesto que, un gran número de trabajos, desde finales de los años 80 hasta la actualidad, han hecho hincapié en que la globalización ha influido en dichas tasas, aumentando el crecimiento para los ortodoxos, o disminuyéndolo y aumentando la tasa de paro para los poskeynesianos. Hemos contrastado dichas hipótesis de forma indirecta, por medio de la aplicación de los test de raíz unitaria con perturbaciones en la media. Los resultados confirman que las tasas de crecimiento y de desempleo han sufrido cambios en sus valores de largo plazo, pero han sido otro tipo de perturbaciones, y no la globalización, los causantes

Globalization, Growth and Unemployment in the UE Countries

En este trabajo vamos a contrastar empíricamente los efectos de la globalización sobre el crecimiento y el empleo, puesto que, un gran número de trabajos, desde finales de los años 80 hasta la actualidad, han hecho hincapié en que la globalización ha influido en dichas tasas, aumentando el crecimiento para los ortodoxos, o disminuyéndolo y aumentando la tasa de paro para los poskeynesianos. Hemos contrastado dichas hipótesis de forma indirecta, por medio de la aplicación de los test de raíz unitaria con perturbaciones en la media. Los resultados confirman que las tasas de crecimiento y de desempleo han sufrido cambios en sus valores de largo plazo, pero han sido otro tipo de perturbaciones, y no la globalización, los causantesIn this paper we will empirically contrast the effects of globalization on growth and employment, since a large number of works, from the late 1980s to the present, have emphasized that globalization has influenced such rates, increasing growth for the Orthodox, or decreasing it and increasing the rate of unemployment for the post-Keynesians. We have contrasted these hypotheses indirectly, through the application of unit root tests with changes in the mean. The results confirm that the growth and unemployment rates have undergone changes in their long-term values, but there have been other types of disturbances, and not globalization, the cause