Eficiencia de los tubos matapicudos y de las trampas cebadas con feronoma grandlure en el control de Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

sumarios (En, Es)Cebada-Hordeum vulgar

Representatividad de mamíferos amenazados en el Sistema Departamental de Áreas Protegidas (SIDAP) del Quindío, Colombia

The main objective of protected areas (PA) is to maintain representative samples of biodiversity. Since biodiversity as a whole is impossible to conserve, threatened species are usually used as substitutes. Under this premise ‚the purpose of this work was to evaluate the representativeness of threatened non-flying mammals in the departmental system of protected areas (SIDAP) of Quindío‚ as well as to identify important areas for their conservation. Records of Leopardus tigrinus ‚Tapirus pinchaque‚ Pudu mephistophiles‚ reTremarctos ornatus ‚Aotus lemurinus‚ Dinomys branickii and Lontra longicaudis were collected and their potential geographic distribution was estimated. The potential distribution of threatened mammals was well represented in SIDAP Quindío (between 48% and 100%) except for L. longicaudis with 15‚42% of its distribution included in PAs ‚which coincides with the low representativeness of the lowlands in the system. As for the eastern and northeastern part of the department, on-site conservation opportunities are barely apparent ‚because the largest area corresponds to the Regional Integrated Management Districts (DRMI) in the municipalities of Salento and Genoa‚ where the management categories are flexible so an adjustment of its category would be suggested. The need to strengthen SIDAP to ensure the conservation of threatened mammal species and increase the representation of ecosystems in this area is evident. In conclusion ‚the declaration of PA in low-lying areas of the department is recommended‚ taking into account the socioeconomic context in the assignment of the conservation and management categories of PAs. On the other hand, in the DRMI of the Quindío river basin and the high Andean moors and forests of the municipality of Genoa, the re-categorization of some areas by more stringent schemes could be considered, especially on state lands with areas of natural coverage.El objetivo principal de las áreas protegidas (AP) es mantener muestras representativas de la biodiversidad. Dado que la biodiversidad en su totalidad es imposible de conservar, usualmente se utilizan especies amenazadas como sustitutas. Bajo esta premisa‚ el propósito del presente trabajo fue evaluarla representatividad de los mamíferos no voladores amenazados en el sistema departamental de áreas protegidas (SIDAP) del Quindío‚ así como identificar áreas importantes para su conservación. Se recopilaron registros de Leopardus tigrinus‚ Tapirus pinchaque‚ Pudu mephistophiles‚Tremarctos ornatus‚ Aotus lemurinus‚ Dinomys branickii y Lontra longicaudis y se estimó su distribución geográfica potencial. La distribución potencial de los mamíferos amenazados estuvo bien representado en el SIDAP Quindío (entre 48% y 100%) excepto para L. longicaudis con el 15‚42%  de su distribución incluida en APs‚ que coincide con la poca representatividad de las tierras bajas en el sistema. En cuanto a la zona oriental y nororiental del departamento las oportunidades de conservación in situ son apenas aparentes‚ porque la mayor área corresponde a los Distritos Regional de Manejo Integrado (DRMI) en los municipios de Salento y Génova‚ donde las categorías de manejo son flexibles por lo que se sugeriría un ajuste de su categoría. Se evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer el SIDAP para procurar la conservación de las especies de mamíferos amenazados y aumentar la representación de los ecosistemas de esta zona. En conclusión‚ se recomienda la declaración de AP en zonas bajas del departamento‚ teniendo en cuenta el contexto socioeconómico en la asignación de las categorías de conservación y manejo de las AP. Por su parte, en los DRMI de la cuenca del río Quindío y de los páramos y bosques altoandinos del municipio de Génova, podría considerarse la recategorización de algunas áreas por esquemas más estrictos, especialmente en tierras estatales con áreas decobertura natural

Pricing and contracting-out in Spanish urbanwater sector: theoretical foundations and evidence

Water is a merit good that has important implications in economic, social and environmentaldimensions (OECD, 2003). Moreover, urban water supply is considereda service of general interest in the European Union (EU, 2001). As a consequence,local water services management has become a key issue during the last decades. Additionally, it has been observed an increasing of private operators into the watersector. Thus, public-private partnerships (PPP) have emerged as a usual way ofcollaboration in the management of local water services (World Bank, 2006).Departamento de Economí

Comunicación entre el personal sanitario y el paciente afásico

Comunicación oral presentada en la Segunda Conferencia Internacional de Comunicación en Salud, celebrada el 23 de octubre de 2015 en la Universidad Carlos III de MadridIntroducción: la afasia es la pérdida de capacidad de expresión debida a una lesión temporal o crónica de los centros temporales. Se calcula que en España hay unos 300.000 casos. Las limitaciones varían dependiendo del área dañada, viéndose afectada su capacidad para hablar, leer, escribir o comprender. Objetivos: Conocer los principales errores que comete el personal sanitario al comunicarse con el paciente afásico. Mostrar alternativas de comunicación entre paciente y personal sanitario. Fomentar la comunicación interprofesional. Metodología: se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Dialnet, Lilacs, Medline y Cuiden Plus con las palabras “comunicación” “paciente” “afasia” para artículos a texto completo publicados en los últimos diez años. Resultados: la búsqueda ofreció resultados, que después proceso de selección se redujeron a cuatro artículos. Resultados: la bibliografía sobre la temática del estudio es escasa, la mayoría de los estudios se centran en el ámbito logopédico. Los profesionales que a diario se relacionan conel paciente afásico, carecen de formación en habilidades comunicativas, consecuencia de esro es que nos enfrentamos a una comunicación personal-paciente ineficaz reflejada en frustración en ambos. Se evidencia la necesidad de futuras líneas de investigación sobre este tema, con el fin, de mejorar la calidad de vida del enfermo afásico; así como fomentar el dialogo entre logopedas y el resto de profesionales sanitarios

Synbiotic therapy decreases microbial translocation and inflammation and improves immunological status in HIV-infected patients: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial

BACKGROUND: HIV-infection results in damage and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system. HIV enteropathy includes pronounced CD4+ T-cell loss, increased intestinal permeability, and microbial translocation that promotes systemic immune activation, which is implicated in disease progression. A synbiotic is the combination of probiotics and prebiotics that could improve gut barrier function. Our study goal was to determine whether the use of a synbiotic, probiotics or a prebiotic can recover immunological parameters in HIV-infected subjects through of a reduction of microbial translocation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind controlled study was performed; twenty Antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-infected subjects were subgrouped and assigned to receive a synbiotic, probiotics, a prebiotic, or a placebo throughout 16 weeks. RESULTS: We had no reports of serious adverse-events. From baseline to week 16, the synbiotic group showed a reduction in bacterial DNA concentrations in plasma (p = 0.048). Moreover, the probiotic and synbiotic groups demonstrated a decrease in total bacterial load in feces (p = 0.05). The probiotic group exhibited a significant increment of beneficial bacteria load (such as Bifidobacterium; p = 0.05) and a decrease in harmful bacteria load (such as Clostridium; p = 0.063). In the synbiotic group, the CD4+ T-cells count increased (median: +102 cells/μL; p = 0.05) and the level of Interleukin 6 cytokine decreased significantly (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a significant increase in CD4+ T lymphocyte levels in the synbiotic group, which could delay the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and decrease costs in countries with limited resources

The relationship of the atlantic diet with cardiovascular risk factors and markers of arterial stiffness in adults without cardiovascular disease

Background: Studying the adherence of the population to the Atlantic Diet (AD) could be simplified by an easy and quickly applied dietary index. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship of an index measuring compliance with recommendations regarding the Atlantic diet and physical activity with cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, obesity indexes and arterial stiffness markers. Methods: We included 791 individuals from the EVIDENT study (lifestyles and arterial ageing), (52.3 ± 12 years, 61.7% women) without cardiovascular disease. Compliance with recommendations on AD was collected through the responses to a food frequency questionnaire, while physical activity was measured by accelerometer. The number of recommendations being met was estimated using a global scale between 0 and 14 points (a higher score representing greater adherence). Blood pressure, plasma lipid and glucose values and obesity rates were measured. Cardiovascular risk was estimated with the Framingham equation. Results: In the overall sample, 184 individuals (23.3%) scored between 0–3 on the 14-point index we created, 308 (38.9%) between 4 and 5 points, and 299 (37.8%) 6 or more points. The results of multivariate analysis yield a common tendency in which the group with an adherence score of at least 6 points shows lower figures for total cholesterol (p = 0.007) and triglycerides (p = 0.002). Similarly, overall cardiovascular risk in this group is the lowest (p < 0.001), as is pulse wave velocity (p = 0.050) and the mean values of the obesity indexes studied (p < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: The rate of compliance with the Atlantic diet and physical activity shows that greater adherence to these recommendations is linked to lower cardiovascular risk, lower total cholesterol and triglycerides, lower rates of obesity and lower pulse wave velocity values

History of autoimmunity. First Part. The immunology From where and to where?

La inmunología nace especialmente a finales del siglo XIX y en las primeras dos décadas del siglo XX, pero su expansión y desarrollo acelerado se realiza a finales del siglo XX y exponencial-mente en el siglo XXI. Se origina de la microbiología y de la bacteriología, al buscar resultados rápidos de la aplicación inmediata en la prevención y curación de las infecciones bacterianas, que para esa época eran los problemas cruciales dela medicina. Desde ese inicio, la inmunología está conectada desde el área básica con todas las ramas de la medicina, de la biología y la ingenie-ría, originando una nueva especialidad como loes la Ingeniería Biomédica.Q411-3

Designing AfriCultuReS services to support food security in Africa

ABSTRACT: Earth observation (EO) data are increasingly being used to monitor vegetation and detect plant growth anomalies due to water stress, drought, or pests, as well as to monitor water availability, weather conditions, disaster risks, land use/land cover changes and to evaluate soil degradation. Satellite data are provided regularly by worldwide organizations, covering a wide variety of spatial, temporal and spectral characteristics. In addition, weather, climate and crop growth models provide early estimates of the expected weather and climatic patterns and yield, which can be improved by fusion with EO data. The AfriCultuReS project is capitalizing on the above to contribute towards an integrated agricultural monitoring and early warning system for Africa, supporting decision making in the field of food security. The aim of this article is to present the design of EO services within the project, and how they will support food security in Africa. The services designed cover the users' requirements related to climate, drought, land, livestock, crops, water, and weather. For each category of services, results from one case study are presented. The services will be distributed to the stakeholders and are expected to provide a continuous monitoring framework for early and accurate assessment of factors affecting food security in Africa.This paper is part of the AfriCultuReS project "Enhancing Food Security in African Agricultural Systems with the Support of Remote Sensing", which received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 77465

Calibration of the Logarithmic-Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) Radio Stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an Octocopter

An in-situ calibration of a logarithmic periodic dipole antenna with a frequency coverage of 30 MHz to 80 MHz is performed. Such antennas are part of a radio station system used for detection of cosmic ray induced air showers at the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the so-called Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA). The directional and frequency characteristics of the broadband antenna are investigated using a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) carrying a small transmitting antenna. The antenna sensitivity is described by the vector effective length relating the measured voltage with the electric-field components perpendicular to the incoming signal direction. The horizontal and meridional components are determined with an overall uncertainty of 7.4^{+0.9}_{-0.3} % and 10.3^{+2.8}_{-1.7} % respectively. The measurement is used to correct a simulated response of the frequency and directional response of the antenna. In addition, the influence of the ground conductivity and permittivity on the antenna response is simulated. Both have a negligible influence given the ground conditions measured at the detector site. The overall uncertainties of the vector effective length components result in an uncertainty of 8.8^{+2.1}_{-1.3} % in the square root of the energy fluence for incoming signal directions with zenith angles smaller than 60{\deg}.Comment: Published version. Updated online abstract only. Manuscript is unchanged with respect to v2. 39 pages, 15 figures, 2 table