The right to family reunification in the EU and the case-law in accordance therewith

European project “Lawyers for the protection of fundamental rights” GA n° 806974) and specifically within the work package on the review of the European legal framework on fundamental rights

The right to family reunification under Spanish law and the case-law thereof

European project “Lawyers for the protection of fundamental rights” GA n° 80697

Mathematical modeling of oval arches. A study of the George V and Neuilly Bridges

[EN] In this work we approach the mathematical modeling of oval arches of n centers and we present an analytical study of their geometry given the expressions of the elements that define them and the tangency points as a function of span, sagita and the radius of the circumferences of which they are formed, using Mathematica software to perform interactive graphs and calculations. This allows to mathematically model an existing arch or to design the construction of a new one. We apply the results obtained in the modeling of the Orleans Bridge over the River Loire (17511760) whose construction - initiated by Hupeau and completed by Perronet - made of three-centered oval arches and in the Neuilly Bridge over the River Seine, close to Paris, which is formed of eleven-centered oval arches. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.The research of M.C. Gomez-Collado was partially supported by MINECO, Project MTM2016-76647-P and GVA, Project AICO/2016/054.Gómez Collado, MDC.; Calvo Roselló, V.; Capilla Tamborero, E. (2018). Mathematical modeling of oval arches. A study of the George V and Neuilly Bridges. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 32:144-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.01.012S1441553

Geometrical Analysis of Oval Domes through Architectural and Mathematical Methods. The Case of the Dome of the Camarin of the Virgin of El Puig (Valencia, Spain)

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal of Architectural Heritage on 2022, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/15583058.2021.1896820[EN] The study of oval geometry domes encompasses a broad and interesting field of research that can be approached from multiple points of view. This paper shows the multidisciplinary approach developed for the analysis of the geometry of this type of domes from the architectural and mathematical points of view. This research paper focuses on the geometric study of the dome of the Camarin of the Virgin, of the Monastery of El Puig de Santa Maria (Valencia, Spain), an emblematic building of Valencian history and architecture. It begins with a survey by means of a multi-image photogrammetry and other surveying methods obtaining a point cloud that has served as a base for the geometric analysis. The approach to this analysis is through graphic and mathematical gradients, which allows to determine the graphic layouts and equations that best define the shape of the dome as well as drawing up a geometric construction hypothesis, which is consistent with the data. The conclusion obtained is that the dome is generated by an elliptical plan and five-centered oval arches in the vertical sections and the methodological process developed can applied to other cases.This work was supported by the R+D+i Project GV/2020/001 and the research of the third author was also partially supported by the Project MTM2016-76647-P.Capilla Tamborero, E.; Calvo Roselló, V.; Gómez Collado, MDC. (2022). Geometrical Analysis of Oval Domes through Architectural and Mathematical Methods. The Case of the Dome of the Camarin of the Virgin of El Puig (Valencia, Spain). International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 16(10):1516-1530. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2021.189682015161530161

Lipozyme® TL IM Biocatalyst for Castor Oil FAME and Triacetin Production by Interesterification: Activity, Stability, and Kinetics

Global climate change and present geopolitical tensions call for novel, renewable, and, ideally, sustainable resources and processes that, in the end, will be integrated in the natural cycles of carbon and water, progressively replacing non-renewable feedstocks. In this context, the production of biofuels and, in consequence, of biodiesel plays a notable role. This work is focused on the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from castor oil, an abundant non-edible oil, using a sustainable technology approach based on industrial lipases and methyl acetate as a methylating reagent to reduce biocatalyst inactivation. We have selected a stable industrial enzyme preparation to determine its suitability for FAME production: Lipozyme® TL IM (an inexpensive lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized by agglomeration in silica gel). Several operational variables affecting the enzyme activity have been studied: methanol excess (6:1 to 13:1), temperature (from 40 to 60 °C), and enzyme concentration (10 and 30% w/w). At all temperatures and reagent ratios, we have also tested the enzyme stability for six cycles, showing its low to negligible inactivation under operational conditions. Finally, a novel multivariable kinetic model has been proposed and fitted to experimental data obtained in a wide experimental range for the first time, showing that direct and reverse in-series reactions are present. We have estimated the values of the kinetic constants and their standard errors, and goodness-of-fit parameters, observing that the kinetic model fitted very reasonably to all retrieved experimental data at the same tim

Omega–3 encapsulation by PGSS-drying and conventional drying methods. Particle characterization and oxidative stability

Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS)-drying has been used as a green alternative to encapsulate omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n–3 PUFAs) at mild, non-oxidative conditions. PGSS-dried particles have been compared to those obtained by conventional drying methods such as spray-drying and freeze-drying, finding encapsulation efficiencies (EE) up to 98% and spherical morphology for PGSS- and spray-dried particles. Freeze-dried powders showed irregular morphology and EE from 95.8 to 98.6%, depending on the freezing method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed glass-transition and melting peaks of OSA-starch and a cold-crystallization peak corresponding to the encapsulated n–3 PUFA concentrate. Compared to conventionally dried powders, PGSS-dried microparticles showed lower primary and secondary oxidation after 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Ascorbic acid addition combined with the mild processing conditions of PGSS-drying yielded particles with a maximum peroxide value of 2.5 meq O2/kg oil after 28 days of storage at 4 °C.Junta de Castilla y León and the European Regional Development Fund for financial support of the project BU055U1

Effect of methanol content in commercial formaldehyde solutions on the porosity of RF carbon xerogels

Methanol is used commercially as a stabilizer in solutions of formaldehyde to prevent its precipitation. However, the methanol content of commercially available formaldehyde solutions differs from one supplier to another. The pH, dilution and R/F ratio have been demonstrated to be interdependent variables that can be manipulated to tailor the porous properties of RF carbon xerogels. This work considers the methanol contained in formaldehyde solutions as a new variable to be studied in conjunction with those just mentioned. For the purpose of this study, the influence of methanol on the final porous properties of RF carbon xerogels has been evaluated. It was found that carbon xerogels synthesized using formaldehyde solutions with lower concentrations of methanol showed a higher total pore volume and pore size, and in turn, a lower density and a greater porosity. The porosity of RF carbon xerogels could therefore be radically modified depending on the commercial formaldehyde solution used for their synthesis.The financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain MINECO (under Projects MAT2011-23733, IPT-2012-0689-420000 and CTQ2013-49433-EXP) is greatly acknowledged.Peer Reviewe

Studies of polyphenol oxidase inactivation by means of high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD)

Tyrosinase from mushroom was used as a model polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme to perform a systematic inactivation study using High Pressure Carbon Dioxide (HPCD). The ratio CO2/volume of enzyme (g/mL) loaded in the reactor was found to be critical. Above a critical ratio, pressure, temperature and time did not control the inactivation performance. Exposure time (2–15 min), temperature (25–45 °C) and pressure (5–20 MPa) allowed to show a characteristic inactivation pattern for PPO: a sudden decrease in activity (at least 75% of the total activity loss was observed within the first 2 min) was followed by a slowed decay. The experimental data were fitted into a two fraction kinetic model and the main kinetic parameters (ZP, ZT activation volume and activation energy) were calculated. The fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of the samples treated with HPCD revealed significant changes in the tertiary structure of the enzyme.Spanish Government (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for financial support of project CTQ2015-64396-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE). To Junta de Castilla y León and ERDF for O.Benito’s Post-doctoral contract funded by project BU055U16. To MINECO for E. de Paz’s Juan de la Cierva Contract (FJCI-2014-19850)

Estudi de la recidiva a la primera cistoscòpia dels tumors vesicals superficials primaris en funció del grup de risc

Els tumors vesicals superficials presenten un alt índex de recidiva, essent la recidiva als 3 mesos un factor demostrat de progressió a tumor infiltrant. Per tal d'evitar aquesta recurrència precoç es porten a terme diferents pautes de tractament adjuvan

Microwave heating processes involving carbon materials

[EN] Carbon materials are, in general, very good absorbents of microwaves, i.e., they are easily heated by microwave radiation. This characteristic allows them to be transformed by microwave heating, giving rise to new carbons with tailored properties, to be used as microwave receptors, in order to heat other materials indirectly, or to act as a catalyst and microwave receptor in different heterogeneous reactions. In recent years, the number of processes that combine the use of carbons and microwave heating instead of other methods based on conventional heating has increased. In this paper some of the microwave-assisted processes in which carbon materials are produced, transformed or used in thermal treatments (generally, as microwave absorbers and catalysts) are reviewed and the main achievements of this technique are compared with those obtained by means of conventional (non microwave-assisted) methods in similar conditions.B.F., Y.F and L.Z. are grateful to CSIC of Spain and the European Social Fund (ESF) for financial support under thesis grant I3P-BDP-2006. Financial support from the PCTI-Asturias (Project PEST08-03) is also acknowledgedPeer reviewe