Age hardening of extruded AA 6005A aluminium alloy powders

Pre-alloyed micron-sized 6005A Al alloy (AA 6005A) powders, with a Mg/Si atomic ratio of 0.75, obtained by high pressure inert gas atomization were consolidated by uniaxial cold pressing at 200 MPa into cylindrical Al containers and hot extruded at 450, 480 and 500 °C with an extrusion rate of 7:1, followed by artificial T6 precipitation hardening. Ageing conditions were varied between 170 °C and 190 °C and times of 6, 7 and 8 hours. The microstructure of the extruded profiles was analysed using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the possible phase transformations. After our results, the peak-aging hardness condition was achieved at 180 °C for 6 h. Mechanical properties of the powder metallurgy (P/M) aluminium alloys consolidated by hot extrusion were superior to those of the extruded profiles of wrought alloy using conventional ingot metallurgy (I/M) billets. AA 6005A wrought P/M alloy via T6 heat treatment shown yield stress of 317 MPa and elongation of 21% at the extrusion pre-heating temperature of 500 °C.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. MAT2013-48166-C

Estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad en América Latina. Balances y perspectivas

El Simposio 59, es la recopilación de textos presentados por investigadores y académicos de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, España y México, en la tercera versión del encuentro internacional «Ciencia, tecnologías y culturas. Diálogo entre las disciplinas del conocimiento. Mirando al futuro de América Latina y el Caribe», realizado en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, en enero de 2013. Allí, se abocó a la reflexión filosófica, teórico conceptual, así como también el análisis socio político de experiencias científico-tecnológicas particulares del continente americano. Las temáticas abordaron aspectos como la epistemología, historia política de la ciencia, perspectivas críticas sobre la práctica científica y tecnológica, análisis de discursos y prácticas CTS, sociología y política de la ciencia y la tecnología, educación y apropiación social de la ciencia y tecnología

More than one HMG-CoA Lyase: The classical mitochondrial enzyme plus the peroxisomal and the cytosolic ones

There are three human enzymes with HMG-CoA lyase activity that are able to synthesize ketone bodies in different subcellular compartments. The mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase was the first to be described, and catalyzes the cleavage of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA to acetoacetate and acetyl-CoA, the common final step in ketogenesis and leucine catabolism. This protein is mainly expressed in the liver and its function is metabolic, since it produces ketone bodies as energetic fuels when glucose levels are low. Another isoform is encoded by the same gene for the mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), but it is located in peroxisomes. The last HMG-CoA lyase to be described is encoded by a different gene, HMGCLL1, and is located in the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Some activity assays and tissue distribution of this enzyme have shown the brain and lung as key tissues for studying its function. Although the roles of the peroxisomal and cytosolic HMG-CoA lyases remain unknown, recent studies highlight the role of ketone bodies in metabolic remodeling, homeostasis, and signaling, providing new insights into the molecular and cellular function of these enzymes

Una síntesis del estado actual de actividad del volcán Galeras, Colombia, 2009

Giving continuity to the eruptive process of Galeras volcano detected about middle of 2004, after the intrusion of a lava dome in 2006, and the occurrence of explosive eruptions in July 12 of the same year and January 17 of 2008, new magmatic material was observed in September, 2008, joining the remnants of the 2006 dome, with an estimated volume 3 towards the end of 2008, near to 5.000.000 m, restarting a new cycle of eruptive explosive processes, three of them within one month. These eruptions, in February 14 and 20 and March 13 of 2009, threw juvenile magma (with high glass contains), with the particularity of exhibiting before and at a few hours, a decrease in the seismicity, specially that one associated with transit of fluids as well as the decrease in the emissions of Sulphur Dioxide, SO . Although it was 2 no record of "Screw" type events, there were observed "hybrid" earthquakes with a fracture component, of superficial source. The presence of a lava dome, the cooling and partial solidification of the magma column with the consequent sealing of conduits, avoiding the free escape of gases, could explain the mechanism of beginning of these eruptions and with it, the behavior observed in seismicity and SO2. In comparative terms, the seismic energy liberated by the eruptions of the current cycle of reactivation, allows to establish from bigger to minor degree, the following order: Nov/21/04, Aug/21/04, Feb/20/09, Mar/13/09, Jan/17/08, Feb/14/09, Jul/12/06, Aug/11/04 and Nov/24/05. The total volume considered as minimum deposited by the 3explosive eruptions between 2004 and 2009 is near to 6.500.000 m , of which, almost a 38% 3 (2.500.000 m ) corresponds to the 2009 eruptions. Galeras continues presenting fluctuations in its activity, framed in the mobilization of the major volume of magmatic material of 20 years ofpermanent monitoring.Dando continuidad al proceso eruptivo del volcán Galeras, detectado hacia mediados de 2004, después de la intrusión de un domo de lava en 2006 y la ocurrencia de erupciones explosivas el 12 de julio del mismo año y el 17 de enero de 2008, nuevo material magmático se observó en septiembre de 2008, incorporándose a los remanentes del domo de 2006, con un volumen estimado, hacia finales del 2008, cercano a los 5.000.000 m3, reiniciando un nuevo ciclo de procesos eruptivos explosivos, tres de ellos en el término de un mes. Estas erupciones, el 14 y 20 de febrero y el 13 de marzo de 2009, arrojaron magma juvenil (con altos contenidos de vidrio), con la particularidad de exhibir previamente, y en pocas horas, una disminución en la sismicidad, especialmente aquella asociada con tránsito de fluidos e, igualmente, el descenso en las emisiones de dióxido de azufre, SO2. Aunque no se registraron sismos tipo "tornillo", se observaron registros de sismos "híbridos", con una componente de fractura de carácter de fuente superficial. La presencia del domo de lava, el enfriamiento y solidificación parcial de la columna de magma con el consiguiente taponamiento de conductos, evitando la salida libre de gases, podría explicar el mecanismo de inicio de esas erupciones y, con ello, el comportamiento observado en sismicidad y en SO2.  En términos comparativos, la energía sísmica liberada por las erupciones del actual ciclo de reactivación permite establecer, de mayor a menor grado, el siguiente orden: 21/Nov/04, 21/Ago/04, 20/Feb/09, 13/Mar/09, 17/Ene/08, 14/Feb/09, 12/Jul/06, 11/Ago/04 y 24/Nov/05. El volumen total considerado como mínimo depositado por las erupciones explosivas entre el 2004 y el 2009 es cercano a 6.500.000 m3, de los cuales cerca del 38% (2.500.000 m3) corresponde a las erupciones del 2009. Galeras sigue presentando fluctuaciones en su actividad, enmarcadas en la movilización del mayor volumen de material magmático de los 20 años de monitoreo continuo

Procesos Cognitivos de la Creatividad en Estudiantes Universitarios

One of the leading trends in the study of creativity refers to the cognitive processes used to solve tasks which require a great level of creativity or divergent thinking. The aim of this piece of research is to study the creative cognitive processes in a sample of university students, and analyse the type of processes used depending on the specific knowledge domain of their degree (technical areas, social studies, humanities and health domain). To do so a total of 236 students with different backgrounds took the Miller’s questionnaire on cognitive processes (Miller, 2009; 2013 forthcoming). The questionnaire is composed of 28 items aimed at ssessing the following processes: idea manipulation, perspective-taking, flow, analogical-me taphorical thinking, generation of ideas, and incubation. In this piece of research the participating 240 students come from different degrees done at Murcia and Cartagena Universities. The results show that there are statistical significant differences in the use of those processes depending on the students’ background. Those studying Infant Education score higher than their peers, whereas students of the Speech Therapy degree score significantly lower than their peers.Uno de los temas punteros en el estudio de la creatividad es el uso que hacen los estudiantes de sus procesos cognitivos cuando intentan resolver una tarea que exige grandes dosis de creatividad o pensamiento divergente. El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar los procesos cognitivocreativos de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios, con el fin de analizar el tipo de procesos o mecanismos que los estudiantes utilizan en función del dominio de conocimientos en la educación universitaria (ámbitos técnicos, sociales, humanidades y sanitarios). El instrumento utilizado es la Escala de Procesos Cognitivo-Creativos (Miller, 2009; 2013 en prensa). La escala consta de 28 ítems orientados a evaluar los siguientes procesos: manipulación de ideas; toma de perspectiva o manipulación de ideas; flujo de  ideas; pensamiento analógico-metafórico; generación de ideas e incubación de ideas. La muestra de participantes está formada por 240 alumnos de diferentes titulaciones de la Universidad de Murcia y de la Politécnica de Cartagena. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el uso de los procesos creativos dependiendo de los conocimientos o dominios a los que pertenecen los estudiantes; siendo los del Grado de Educación Infantil, quienes obtienen  puntuaciones más altas que el resto de sus compañeros; mientras que los del Logopedia obtienen puntuaciones más bajas con respecto al resto de suscompañeros

Evaluating face2gene as a tool to identify cornelia de lange syndrome by facial phenotypes

Characteristic or classic phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is associated with a recognisable facial pattern. However, the heterogeneity in causal genes and the presence of overlapping syndromes have made it increasingly difficult to diagnose only by clinical features. DeepGestalt technology, and its app Face2Gene, is having a growing impact on the diagnosis and management of genetic diseases by analysing the features of affected individuals. Here, we performed a phenotypic study on a cohort of 49 individuals harbouring causative variants in known CdLS genes in order to evaluate Face2Gene utility and sensitivity in the clinical diagnosis of CdLS. Based on the profile images of patients, a diagnosis of CdLS was within the top five predicted syndromes for 97.9% of our cases and even listed as first prediction for 83.7%. The age of patients did not seem to affect the prediction accuracy, whereas our results indicate a correlation between the clinical score and affected genes. Furthermore, each gene presents a different pattern recognition that may be used to develop new neural networks with the goal of separating different genetic subtypes in CdLS. Overall, we conclude that computer-assisted image analysis based on deep learning could support the clinical diagnosis of CdLS.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/State Research Agency RTC-2017-6494-1; RTI2018-094434-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) to P.G.-P.; Diputación General de Aragón - FEDER: European Social Fund [Grupo de Referencia B32_17R, to J.P.] as well as funds from the European JPIAMR-VRI network “CONNECT” to P.G.-P.; Medical Faculty of the University of Lübeck J09-2017 to I. P.; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clones from Paraguayan children

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important human pathogens, and its levels of resistance to methicillin have increased even in strains isolated from people without nosocomial risk factors. Molecular analysis is essential for understanding the patterns of dissemination. The objective of this study was to identify community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) clones that infected Paraguayan children patients in two periods of time. Methodology: An observational, descriptive study was designed to determine the genetic variability of 115 isolates of CA-MRSA recovered from children who attended four reference centers in Paraguay between 2009-2010 and 2012-2013. Results: The combined use of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multi-Locus Sequencing Typing, Multi-Locus Variable Analysis (MLVA) and Spa typing techniques allowed the identification of two dominant clones: ST30-IV-t019 (77%) and ST5-IV-t311 (10%), and the establishment of the former as the leading cause of CA-MRSA infections in children during the study period. Conclusions: This is the first study that provides epidemiological information as well as microbiological and molecular characteristics of CA-MRSA isolates recovered from children from Asunción and the Central Department of Paraguay.Fil: Rodríguez, Fátima. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Salinas, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Fernández, Silvina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Haim, Maria Sol. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mollerach, Marta Eugenia. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Basualdo, Wilma. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; Paraguay. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: Castro, Héctor. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; Paraguay. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: Quiñónez, Beatriz. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: Arguello, Rocío. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: Rodríguez, Mónica. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; ParaguayFil: Grau, Lorena. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; ParaguayFil: Espínola, Carmen. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; ParaguayFil: Velázquez, Gladys. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; ParaguayFil: Samudio, Gloria. Hospital Nacional, Panama; PanamáFil: Gómez, Gloria. Hospital Nacional, Panama; PanamáFil: Campuzano, Ana. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Ortellado, Juana. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Almada, Patricia. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Guillén, Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Paragua

Molecular Basis of the Schuurs–Hoeijmakers Syndrome: What We Know about the Gene and the PACS-1 Protein and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

The Schuurs–Hoeijmakers syndrome (SHMS) or PACS1 Neurodevelopment Disorder (PACS1-NDD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the PACS1 gene. To date, only 87 patients have been reported and, surprisingly, most of them carry the same variant (c.607C>T; p.R203W). The most relevant clinical features of the syndrome include neurodevelopment delay, seizures or a recognizable facial phenotype. Moreover, some of these characteristics overlap with other syndromes, such as the PACS2 or Wdr37 syndromes. The encoded protein phosphofurin acid cluster sorting 1 (PACS-1) is able to bind to different client proteins and direct them to their subcellular final locations. Therefore, although its main function is protein trafficking, it could perform other roles related to its client proteins. In patients with PACS1-NDD, a gain-of-function or a dominant negative mechanism for the mutated protein has been suggested. This, together with the fact that most of the patients carry the same genetic variant, makes it a good candidate for novel therapeutic approaches directed to decreasing the toxic effect of the mutated protein. Some of these strategies include the use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or targeting of its client proteins

Comparison Between Different Agents Pulp In Pulpotomy Of Temporary Dental

Introducción: Mantener la integridad y la salud de los tejidos orales para lograr la vitalidad de la pulpa de los dientes afectados por caries o traumatismos es lo deseable. Se presenta el trabajo de investigación iniciado recientemente que consiste en comparar el resultado de nuevos y diferentes materiales utilizados para la realización de tratamientos pulpares en piezas dentarias temporarias. Objetivo: Mejorar la práctica clínica de la Odontopediatría para los tratamientos pulpares de las piezas dentarias temporarias estudiando los resultados entre distintos materiales utilizados. Material y métodos: Se tratarán molares de piezas dentarias temporarias con diagnóstico de pulpitis o necrosis en pacientes niños de 5 a 9 años de edad atendidos en la Asignatura Odontología Integral Niños de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNLP. Se confeccionarán para cada paciente la historia clínica -médica y odontológica de la Asignatura. En ella se incluirá el consentimiento informado firmado por el padre o tutor. En las piezas dentarias con necrosis pulpar o pulpa necrótica se realizará tratamiento medicamentoso con Formocresol con la fórmula de Morawa, o la técnica LSTR – NIET con pasta triantibiótica. En las piezas dentarias con pulpitis se realizará la biopulpectomía parcial terapéutica con Formocresol, fórmula de Morawa, la pulpotomía con MTA o la pulpotomía con Biodentine. Se seleccionarán 20 casos clínicos para cada material a evaluar. Resultado: En la literatura científica no existe un acuerdo generalizado de las características ideales de un material para el tratamiento de pulpotomías en dientes temporarios. Se tiende a presentar a los materiales biocompatibles como la alternativa segura y fiable Conclusión: Con el desarrollo de este proyecto se pretende encontrar las ventajas de mayor satisfacción de los nuevos materiales para preservar la función y vitalidad del tejido remanente pulpar.Maintain the integrity and health of oral tissues to achieve the vitality of the pulp of the teeth affected by caries or trauma is desirable. Recently started research work consisting in comparing the result of new and different materials used to carry out treatments pulp in temporary teeth occurs. Objective: Improve the clinical practice of dentistry for temporary tooth pulp treatments studying the results between different materials. Material and methods: They will try molars of temporary teeth diagnosed with pulpitis or necrosis in patients’ children of 5 to 9 years of age served in subject dentistry Integral children of the Faculty of Dentistry of the UNLP. They draw up for each patient medical history - medical and dental subject. It will include the informed consent signed by the parent or guardian. In teeth with necrosis pulp or necrotic pulp will be drug therapy with Formocresol Morawa formula, or the LSTR - NIET triantibiótica paste technique. Teeth with pulpitis will perform the therapeutic partial biopulpectomy with Formocresol, formula of Morawa, pulpotomy with MTA or pulpotomy with Biodentine. 20 clinical cases for each material will be selected to evaluate. Result: In the scientific literature does not exist a widespread agreement of the ideal characteristics of a material for the treatment of pulpotomy in teeth. Tends to present materials biocompatible as alternative secure and reliable Conclusion: The development of this project is to find the advantages of greater satisfaction of new materials to preserve function and vitality of the remaining pulp tissue.Facultad de Odontologí

Comparison Between Different Agents Pulp In Pulpotomy Of Temporary Dental

Introducción: Mantener la integridad y la salud de los tejidos orales para lograr la vitalidad de la pulpa de los dientes afectados por caries o traumatismos es lo deseable. Se presenta el trabajo de investigación iniciado recientemente que consiste en comparar el resultado de nuevos y diferentes materiales utilizados para la realización de tratamientos pulpares en piezas dentarias temporarias. Objetivo: Mejorar la práctica clínica de la Odontopediatría para los tratamientos pulpares de las piezas dentarias temporarias estudiando los resultados entre distintos materiales utilizados. Material y métodos: Se tratarán molares de piezas dentarias temporarias con diagnóstico de pulpitis o necrosis en pacientes niños de 5 a 9 años de edad atendidos en la Asignatura Odontología Integral Niños de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNLP. Se confeccionarán para cada paciente la historia clínica -médica y odontológica de la Asignatura. En ella se incluirá el consentimiento informado firmado por el padre o tutor. En las piezas dentarias con necrosis pulpar o pulpa necrótica se realizará tratamiento medicamentoso con Formocresol con la fórmula de Morawa, o la técnica LSTR – NIET con pasta triantibiótica. En las piezas dentarias con pulpitis se realizará la biopulpectomía parcial terapéutica con Formocresol, fórmula de Morawa, la pulpotomía con MTA o la pulpotomía con Biodentine. Se seleccionarán 20 casos clínicos para cada material a evaluar. Resultado: En la literatura científica no existe un acuerdo generalizado de las características ideales de un material para el tratamiento de pulpotomías en dientes temporarios. Se tiende a presentar a los materiales biocompatibles como la alternativa segura y fiable Conclusión: Con el desarrollo de este proyecto se pretende encontrar las ventajas de mayor satisfacción de los nuevos materiales para preservar la función y vitalidad del tejido remanente pulpar.Maintain the integrity and health of oral tissues to achieve the vitality of the pulp of the teeth affected by caries or trauma is desirable. Recently started research work consisting in comparing the result of new and different materials used to carry out treatments pulp in temporary teeth occurs. Objective: Improve the clinical practice of dentistry for temporary tooth pulp treatments studying the results between different materials. Material and methods: They will try molars of temporary teeth diagnosed with pulpitis or necrosis in patients’ children of 5 to 9 years of age served in subject dentistry Integral children of the Faculty of Dentistry of the UNLP. They draw up for each patient medical history - medical and dental subject. It will include the informed consent signed by the parent or guardian. In teeth with necrosis pulp or necrotic pulp will be drug therapy with Formocresol Morawa formula, or the LSTR - NIET triantibiótica paste technique. Teeth with pulpitis will perform the therapeutic partial biopulpectomy with Formocresol, formula of Morawa, pulpotomy with MTA or pulpotomy with Biodentine. 20 clinical cases for each material will be selected to evaluate. Result: In the scientific literature does not exist a widespread agreement of the ideal characteristics of a material for the treatment of pulpotomy in teeth. Tends to present materials biocompatible as alternative secure and reliable Conclusion: The development of this project is to find the advantages of greater satisfaction of new materials to preserve function and vitality of the remaining pulp tissue.Facultad de Odontologí