Training Symbol-Based Equalization for Quadrature Duobinary PDM-FTN Systems

A training symbol-based equalization algorithm is proposed for polarization de-multiplexing in quadrature duobinary (QDB) modulated polarization division multiplexedfaster-than-Nyquist (FTN) coherent optical systems. The proposed algorithm is based on the least mean square algorithm, and multiple location candidates of a symbol are considered in order to make use of the training symbols with QDB modulation.Results show that an excellent convergence performance is obtained using the proposed algorithm under different polarization alignment scenarios. The optical signal-to-noise ratio required to attain a bit error rate of 2*10-2 is reduced by 1.7 and 1.8 dB using the proposed algorithm, compared to systems using the constant modulus algorithm with differential coding for 4-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(4-QAM) and 16-QAM systems with symbol-by-symbol detection, respectively.Furthermore, comparisons with the Tomlinson-Harashima precoding-based FTN systems illustrate that QDB is preferable when 4-QAM is utilized

Profiles of Parental Burnout Around the Globe: Similarities and Differences Across 36 Countries

Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries’ levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hallmark dimension and an indicator of severe burnout for individualistic countries. Contrary to our predictions, emotional distance and saturation did not allow a clear differentiation across collectivistic countries. Our findings support several research avenues regarding PB measurement and intervention

Régulation émotionnelle et consommation de substances psycho-actives (étude chez des adolescents dépendants au cannabis et leurs parents)

A partir d'un entretien clinique multiaxial, d'une investigation psychiatrique standardisée et d'une batterie psychométrique évaluant plusieurs dimensions de la régulation émotionnelle, notre première étude (110 patients; 110 témoins) a permis de mettre en évidence la sévérité des patterns d'usage de substances psychoactives, les prévalences élevées de comorbidités, psychiatriques, ainsi que des spécificités dans le fonctionnement émotionnel des adolescents dépendants au cannabis. La mise en correspondance des perturbations affectives (psychiatriques et émotionnelles) et des patterns de consommation des patients a démontré l'existence de facteurs de vulnérabilité et le maintien des usages. La seconde étude visant à évaluer les propriétés psychométriques d'unehétéro-évaluation de l'alexithymie (OAS) (87 patients; 66 proches) a confirmé la validité de cet instrument dans une population clinique adolescente. Nos conclusions sont en faveur d'une évolution multiméthode afin de parvenir à une mesure fiable du fonctionnement alexithymique. Dans la troisième étude, la mise en correspondance des profils affectifs des patients (N=91) et de leurs parents (N=139, dont 87 mères) a permis d'identifier des déterminants émotionnels et relationnels parentaux associés aux perturbations affectives ainsi qu'aux modalités d'usage de produits psychoactifs d'adolescents présentant un abus ou une dépendance au cannabis. Les conclusions de notre recherche soulignent l'intérêt d'une approche détaillée des modalités d'usage de substances psychoactives pour l'étude des pathologies addictives, et la pertinence d'inscrire les études auprès d'adolescents dans une perspective développementale et familiale.Using a semi-structured clinical interview, a standardized psychiatric evaluation and several self-reports assessing emotional regulation abilities, our first study (110 patients; 110 controls) demonstrated the severity of substances use modalities, the elevared rates of psychiatric comorbidities and some emotional functioning specificities among the adolescents with a cannabis dependence. The analyses revealed that specific psychiatric disorders and emotional dysregulations should be considered as potential vulnerability and maintaining factors for substances use. Our second study aimed at evaluating the psychometrics properties of the Observer Alexithmia Scale (OAS) (87 patients; 66 realtives). Our results demonstrated the adequacy and the appropriateness of the OAS in these clinical samples, which may encourage multimethod alexithemia assessments in both research and clinical prctice. In our third study, the analyses of the correspondence between the patients' (N=91) and their parents' (N=139; 87 mothers) affective profiles revealed that some emotional parental factors were associated with their child's affective functioning the importance of evaluating substances uses modalities in great details for a better understanding of addictives behaviors, and the appropriateness of developmental and family designs.BOULOGNE-BU Psych. Henri Pieron (920125201) / SudocSudocFranceF

Problématiques, difficultés des étudiantes en situation d’aidance : Enquête CAMPUS-CARE

International audienc

Optimizing the empirical assessment of orthorexia nervosa through EHQ and clarifying its relationship with BMI

PurposeOrthorexia nervosa (ON) is described as an obsession for healthy eating with potentially debilitating consequences but little of its psychopathology is empirically supported. Using suitable validation methodologies, we wanted to optimize the empirical assessment of ON symptoms and investigate their unclear relationship with BMI. Our objective was, therefore, twofold: (1) Validation of a robust measurement model of ON dimensions using the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ); (2) Validation of a structural model describing a mechanism of relationships between ON dimensions and BMI.MethodsA self-report questionnaire assessing BMI and ON through a French translation of the 21-item EHQ was administered to a large sample of French adults (N = 2065). We used Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis for objective no. 1 and Structural Equation Modeling for objective no. 2.ResultsWe validated a well-fitted (TLI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.04) and conceptually consistent measurement model with 16 items for three ON dimensions: Rigid Eating Behavior (REB), Positive Feeling of Control (PFC) and Problems of Attention Control and Social Relationships (PACSR). We also validated a structural model (TLI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05) showing that: 1. REB strongly impacts both PFC and PACSR; 2. REB has a significant negative impact on BMI and BMI has a significant positive effect on PACSR but effect sizes are very small and globally ON dimensions are only marginally related to BMI.ConclusionOur study achieved an improved assessment method of ON, a clarification of its links with BMI and implications for the descriptive psychopathology of ON

Where are we in the Recognition of Young Adult Carers in France?

International audienceYoung adult carers (YACs) are people aged 18-25 years who provide care to a relative who is ill or has a disability. France begins to come to the YAC issue. YAC students were mentioned for the first time in a national policy document in 2019. By interviewing 110 students, this review showed that more than 80% of them did not know what a YAC was. If students are no

Young adult caregivers in higher education: a study of prevalence in France

International audienceYoung adult caregivers are people aged 18 25 years who care for a relative with an illness/disability. They are an understudied population. In France, there are currently no data and no public services specifically targeting them while literature showed that caregiving has consequences on academic development. As the pursuit of higher education is a societal expectation, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, characteristics, and mental health of young adult caregiver students in France to promote policy and practice development. Between February 2019 and April 2021, 6767 students (77.28% women; Mage = 20.14, SDage = 1.87) answered a self-report questionnaire assessing sociodemographic academic characteristics, relative’s illness/disability, caregiving activities, perceived support, and mental health. Results showed that 63.17% of participants were confronted with the illness/disability of a relative, and 15.86% provided a high level of support and could thus be classified as young adult caregivers. They were generally females from low-income families who experienced financial hardship, and they mostly cared for a mother or grandparent with a physical or mental illness. Regarding academic characteristics, they were mostly enrolled on a care-related course, in some cases via a distance learning program. They reported current and previous academic difficulties. They reported poorer mental health than noncaregivers. The identification procedure based on the extent of caregiving activities should be tailored to the characteristics of emerging adults. Considering the high prevalence of young adult caregivers in France, there is an urgent need to enhance awareness to better identify and support those in higher education

Are We All the Same When Faced with an Ill Relative? A Person-Oriented Approach to Caring Activities and Mental Health in Emerging Adult Students

International audienceDealing with the illness/disability of a relative is part of everyday life for many students, who may have to take on caring responsibilities. Fulfilling a caring role during emerging adulthood has been associated with poorer mental health. This study adopts a person-oriented approach in exploring the caring experience in relation to mental health. The sample comprised 3273 students (Mage = 20.19 years, SDage = 1.89; 80.35% female) who answered a series of questionnaires. A cluster analysis identified six patterns of caregiving activities in terms of their nature and extent: few caring activities; household chores; household and financial/practical help; emotional care; sibling care; and many caring activities with emotional and personal care. A series of analyses showed that caring activities differed according to age, gender, living arrangements, financial status, the ill/disabled relative being supported, and the relative’s type of illness/disability. A multivariate analysis of covariance showed that emerging adult students with patterns featuring household chores had better mental health than those with few caring activities. Overall, our findings indicate that having an ill/disabled relative can lead an individual to take on a wide range of caring responsibilities that may have varying consequences for emerging adult students’ mental health