Family, individual and social factors in the origin and development of school violence according to our elders

[Resumen] Son muchos los factores familiares, individuales y sociales que están influyendo en el origen y desarrollo de la violencia juvenil de forma genérica y concretamente en la violencia escolar. Es por ello, que el objeto del presente trabajo es conocer la opinión de nuestros mayores a cerca de diferentes cuestiones de carácter familiar, individual y social, que según ellos tienen influencia en la génesis e incremento de la incidencia de la violencia escolar o Bullying. Se ha utilizado el Cuestionario de factores predictores de la violencia escolar para mayores compuesto por 3 factores que analizan los tres ámbitos (familiar, individual y social), nos centramos en dar a conocer la opinión de los mayores de 50 años en una muestra de 632 sujetos, a cerca de los lementos que componen los tres factores del cuestionario, analizando aspectos: de ámbito familiar, de ámbito individual, y de ámbito social y escolar.[Abstract] Many familiar, individual and social factors have influence in the origin and development of youth violence in a general way and in school violence in a particular way. For that reason, the aim of this study is to know our elders’ opinion on different family, individual and social questions, which, according to them, have an influence in the origin and increase of the school violence or Bullying incidence. We have used the “Predicting factors of school violence Questionnaire for elders” made up of 3 board categories analyzing the three, family, individual and social, factors. In this research, we had a sample of 632 elders (more than 55 years) and focused in their opinion on the points which make up the three aspects of the questionnaire analyzing questions such as: family environment, individual aspects, and the social and school environment

New Burnout Evaluation Model Based on the Brief Burnout Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties for Nursing

Health care personnel are considered one of the worker sectors most exposed to heavier workloads and work stress. One of the consequences associated with the exposure to chronic stress is the development of burnout syndrome. Given that evaluating this syndrome requires addressing the context in which they are to be used, the purpose of this work was to analyze the psychometric properties and structure of the Burnout Brief Questionnaire (CBB), and to propose a more suitable version for its application to health professionals, and more specifically nurses. The final study sample was made up of 1236 working nursing professionals. An exploratory factorial analysis was carried out and a new model was proposed through a confirmatory factorial analysis. Thus, validation of the CBB questionnaire for nursing health care personnel showed an adequate discrimination of the items and a high internal consistency of the scale. With respect to the factorial analysis, four factors were extracted from the revised model. Specifically, these new factors, called job dissatisfaction, social climate, personal impact, and motivational abandonment, showed an adequate index of adjustment. Thus, the Brief Burnout Questionnaire Revised for nursing staff has favorable psychometric properties, and this model can be applied to all health care professionals

Analysis of the Risk and Protective Roles of Work-Related and Individual Variables in Burnout Syndrome in Nurses

Aims: Burnout syndrome is a phenomenon that is becoming ever more widespread, especially in workers such as nurses who have heavy workloads and time pressures. The progression of burnout syndrome has been shown to be related to both individual and work-related variables. The objective of this study is to examine the risk and protective roles played by work-related and personal variables, both sociodemographic and psychological, in the development of burnout in nurses. Method: The sample was composed of 1236 nurses aged between 21 and 57 years, with a mean age of 31.50 years (SD = 6.18). Women accounted for 84.5% (n = 1044), and the remaining 15.5% (n = 192) were men. Exploratory tests were performed to understand the relationships between burnout and other variables, and a binary logistic regression was conducted to understand the roles of these variables in the incidence of this syndrome. Lastly, a regression tree was constructed. Results: The results show that the sociodemographic variables examined are not related to the level of burnout in nurses. However, certain work-related variables, such as spending more time with colleagues and patients and reporting good-quality relationships, exhibit a negative relationship with the occurrence of burnout. Of the psychological variables, the stress factors conflict-social acceptance and irritability-tension-fatigue, as well as informative communication, are shown to be risk factors for the appearance of burnout in nurses. In contrast, the communication skills factor, empathy, and energy-joy exert a protective function. Conclusion: Identifying the variables that influence the occurrence of burnout syndrome and understanding the manner in which they exert their influence are key elements in the development of effective prevention and intervention of burnout in nursing

Expectativas y búsqueda de sensaciones predictores del Binge Drinking en adolescentes

The different current modalities of alcohol use in adolescents include episodes of binge drinking. The objective of this study was to analyze the variables involved in starting and continuing binge drinking, and the predictor roles of sensation-seeking and expectations about alcohol in excessive drinking and the intention of continuing this practice in the medium-to-long term. A sample of 315 high school students answered a series of questions related to drinking alcohol. They were also given standardized tests including the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief and the Sensation-Seeking Scale to evaluate their expectations about alcohol and their tendency towards sensation-seeking. The results show that the tendency towards sensation-seeking plays a determining function in the involvement of adolescents in risky behavior, while positive expectations about the results of drinking minimize apparent risks and make it easier to acquire and maintain alcohol drinking habits. We highlight the importance of expanding research into the different types of adolescent drinking and applying the research to the design of effective drinking prevention interventions.En la actualidad, se dan diferentes modalidades de consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes, entre ellas destacan los episodios de consumo concentrado o binge drinking. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las variables implicadas en el inicio y mantenimiento de la modalidad de consumo concentrado de alcohol, así como, el papel predictor de la búsqueda de sensaciones y las expectativas sobre el alcohol sobre el consumo excesivo y sobre la intención de mantener esta práctica medio-largo plazo. Se contó con una muestra de 315 alumnos de secundaria, que respondieron a cuestiones relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol. Además, se implementaron pruebas estandarizadas como el Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief y la Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones, para evaluar las expectativas hacia el alcohol y la tendencia a la búsqueda de sensaciones, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la tendencia hacia la búsqueda de sensaciones cumple una función determinante en la implicación del adolescente en conductas de riesgo, mientras que las expectativas positivas sobre los resultados del consumo, minimizan los riesgos y facilitan el inicio y/o mantenimiento de hábitos de consumo de alcohol. Se destaca la importancia de ampliar el volumen de investigación sobre las diferentes modalidades de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes, y su aplicación en el diseño de intervenciones efectivas para su prevención

Analysis of Sociodemographic and Psychological Variables Involved in Sleep Quality in Nurses

Background: Sleep quality is related to health and quality of life and can lead to the development of related disorders. This study analyzed the sociodemographic and psychological factors related to sleep quality in nurses. Methods: The sample comprised 1094 nurses who were assessed according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire, the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire, the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory, and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Results: The results confirm the impacts of diet, motivation for physical exercise, emotional intelligence, and overall self-esteem on sleep quality in nurses. Conclusions: Sleep quality in healthcare professionals is vitally important for performance at work; therefore, appropriate strategies should be applied to improve it

Overburden in Alzheimer’s Patient Caregivers

The figure of the caregiver of dependent elderly people is presently the subject of a large volume of scientific publications. In various disciplines of health and social sciences, an analysis of the terminology referring to these caregivers, specifically those who are untrained and unpaid for such care, in recent scientific publications, is considered necessary. This chapter makes a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and needs of caregivers of elderly dependents with Alzheimer’s disease. From a realistic and practical point of view, it is the impact of research on improving the quality of life of caregivers which is important. In addition, this analysis attempts to complete a process addressing theoretical and methodological aspects, in which various problems are detected, for their effective application in the field of care of dependency

Clima escolar y resolución de conflictos según el alumnado: un estudio europeo

El clima escolar viene determinado por la relacin existente entre los alumnos y los profesores, en suquehacer diario, sin olvidar la importancia que tiene la participacin e implicacin de los padres en laescuela, no slo para el propio desarrollo y desempeo acadmico del sujeto, sino tambin, en la mejoradel clima de convivencia dentro de la escuela. As pues, se pretende conocer, cmo percibe el alumnadola participacin de sus padres en las escuelas, qu piensan sobre el clima de su centro y su disposicina colaborar en la mejora de ste. Han participado 2.013 alumnos de ESO de Espaa, Hungra, Austriay Repblica Checa. Los alumnos espaoles son quienes indican tener mejor relacin entre s y con susprofesores, los checos quienes ms empata muestran con los otros, y respecto a la participacin, sonlos padres espaoles y los hngaros, quienes tienen mayores niveles de participacin a travs de la Asociacinde Madres y Padres de Alumnos

Analysis of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and Family Functioning in Adolescents’ Sustainable Use of Alcohol and Tobacco

The use of alcohol and tobacco is related to several variables, which act as risk or protective factors depending on the circumstances. The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence, resilience, and family functioning in adolescent use of alcohol and tobacco, and to find emotional profiles for their use with regard to self-concept. The sample was made up of 317 high school students aged 13 to 18, who filled out the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory, the Resilience Scale for Adolescents, the APGAR Scale, the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire–Adolescents, and the Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire. The results revealed that emotional intelligence and resilience, specifically stress management and family cohesion, were significant in the group of non-users. Family functioning acts as a predictor for the onset of use of tobacco and alcohol. Positive expectancies about drinking alcohol were found to be a risk factor, and the intrapersonal factor was found to be protective. Both stress management and family cohesion were protective factors against smoking. Furthermore, cluster analysis revealed the emotional profiles for users of both substances based on self-concept. Finally, the importance of the direction of the relationship between the variables studied for intervention in this problem should be mentioned. Responsible use by improving adolescent decision-making is one of the results expected from this type of intervention

Emotional Effects of the Duration, Efficiency, and Subjective Quality of Sleep in Healthcare Personnel

Considering that both sleep quality and duration are linked to psychological variables, this study analyzed the relationships between sleep components and emotional intelligence and the effects that sleep duration has on stress management and mood in a sample of nurses. The sample was made up of 1073 professionals. Data were collected by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Senior Citizens. The results showed that the components of sleep quality were negatively related to stress management and mood. Furthermore, nurses who had short sleep patterns also had low moods and high stress levels. This study emphasizes the importance of subjective sleep quality as a necessary resource for professionals to manage stressful situations and mood and improve their relations with their patients and with each other