Language proficiency and immigrants’ labor market outcomes in post-crisis Spain

This paper analyses the impact of Spanish proficiency on first generation immigrants’ labor market outcomes, based on the Labor Force Survey 2014 ad hoc module on the “Labor market situation of migrants and their immediate descendants”. A very high level of proficiency in Spanish is found to enhance immigrants’ employability, particularly for non Spanish-speaking immigrants. The impact increases when potential endogeneity in language skills is addressed via IV variables. Still, proficiency in Spanish does not help to get higher ranked occupations, measured via ISEI (International Socio-Economic Index) – and language skills neither contribute to explain occupational status, nor are endogenous to it, even after control for sample selection. The first result confirms the downward bias of the impact of the language proficiency on employment probabilities when the endogeneity problem is not accounted while the second responds to the particular occupational segregation in Spain amongst workers from different areas of the world

Language proficiency and immigrants’ labor market outcomes in post-crisis Spain

This paper analyses the impact of Spanish proficiency on first generation immigrants’ labor market outcomes, based on the Labor Force Survey 2014 ad hoc module on the “Labor market situation of migrants and their immediate descendants”. A very high level of proficiency in Spanish is found to enhance immigrants’ employability, particularly for non Spanish-speaking immigrants. The impact increases when potential endogeneity in language skills is addressed via IV variables. Still, proficiency in Spanish does not help to get higher ranked occupations, measured via ISEI (International Socio-Economic Index) – and language skills neither contribute to explain occupational status, nor are endogenous to it, even after control for sample selection. The first result confirms the downward bias of the impact of the language proficiency on employment probabilities when the endogeneity problem is not accounted while the second responds to the particular occupational segregation in Spain amongst workers from different areas of the world

Relación entre habilidades neuropsicológicas y comprensión lectora en Educación Primaria

La lectura es un proceso complejo en el que intervienen factores perceptivos, lingüísticos, cognitivos y neuropsicológicos. Algunos factores neuropsicológicos participan en el proceso lector desde su inicio, tales como los movimientos oculares que se realizan en la lectura, la motricidad y la lateralidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre estos factores neuropsicológicos y la comprensión lectora en alumnos de Educación Primaria. Para ello se seleccionó una muestra de 52 niños de ocho años de edad en los que se evaluaron los movimientos oculares sacádicos para leer, los patrones motores básicos, la lateralidad y la comprensión lectora. Con los datos obtenidos se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo y correlacional cuyos resultados mostraron que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre las variables y que los alumnos con mejor habilidad de movimientos oculares sacádicos, mejor ejecución en patrones motores básicos y lateralidad homogénea obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones en comprensión lectora. Este estudio abre nuevas perspectivas teóricas y científicas para el aprendizaje de la lectura y la calidad educativa

The Origin of Kinematically Persistent Planes of Satellites as Driven by the Early Evolution of the Cosmic Web in ΛCDM

Kinematically persistent planes (KPPs) of satellites are fixed sets of satellites co-orbiting around their host galaxy, whose orbital poles are conserved and clustered across long cosmic time intervals. They play the role of “skeletons,” ensuring the long-term durability of positional planes. We explore the physical processes behind their formation in terms of the dynamics of the local cosmic web (CW), characterized via the so-called Lagrangian volumes (LVs) built up around two zoom-in, cosmological hydro-simulations of Milky Way–mass disk galaxy + satellites systems, where three KPPs have been identified. By analyzing the LV deformations in terms of the reduced tensor of inertia (TOI), we find an outstanding alignment between the LV principal directions and the KPP satellites’ orbital poles. The most compressive local mass flows (along the eˆ3 eigenvector) are strong at early times, feeding the so-called eˆ3 -structure, while the smallest TOI axis rapidly decreases. The eˆ3 -structure collapse marks the end of this regime and is the timescale for the establishment of satellite orbital pole clustering when the Universe is ≲4 Gyr old. KPP protosatellites aligned with eˆ3 are those whose orbital poles are either aligned from early times or have been successfully bent at eˆ3 -structure collapse. KPP satellites associated with eˆ1 tend to have early trajectories already parallel to eˆ3 . We show that KPPs can arise as a result of the ΛCDM-predicted large-scale dynamics acting on particular sets of protosatellites, the same dynamics that shape the local CW environment

The Three Hundred project: shapes and radial alignment of satellite, infalling, and backsplash galaxies

Using 324 numerically modelled galaxy clusters, we investigate the radial and galaxy–halo alignment of dark matter subhaloes and satellite galaxies orbiting within and around them. We find that radial alignment depends on distance to the centre of the galaxy cluster but appears independent of the dynamical state of the central host cluster. Furthermore, we cannot find a relation between radial alignment of the halo or galaxy shape with its own mass. We report that backsplash galaxies, i.e. objects that have already passed through the cluster radius but are now located in the outskirts, show a stronger radial alignment than infalling objects. We further find that there exists a population of well radially aligned objects passing very close to the central cluster’s centre that were found to be on highly radial orbit

Quality of life of mothers at the sixth week and sixth month postpartum and type of infant feeding

Introduction: There is little scientific evidence on the relationship between maternal quality of life and type of infant feeding. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in mother?s quality of life by type of infant feeding

Successful development and clinical translation of a novel anterior lamellar artificial cornea

We thank the Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health, through the Andalusian Initiative for Advanced Therapies, for assuming the roles and responsibilities of sponsoring this clinical trial. We thank Dr. Manuel de la Rosa and Dr. Salvador Arias Santiago for providing insight and expertise that assisted the research.The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public repository, ref. GSE86584 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE86584Blindness due to corneal diseases is a common pathology affecting up to 23 million individuals worldwide. The tissue‐engineered anterior human cornea, which is currently being tested in a Phase I/II clinical trial to treat severe corneal trophic ulcers with preliminary good feasibility and safety results. This bioartificial cornea is based on a nanostructured fibrin–agarose biomaterial containing human allogeneic stromal keratocytes and cornea epithelial cells, mimicking the human native anterior cornea in terms of optical, mechanical, and biological behavior. This product is manufactured as a clinical‐grade tissue engineering product, fulfilling European requirements and regulations. The clinical translation process included several phases: an initial in vitro and in vivo preclinical research plan, including preclinical advice from the Spanish Medicines Agency followed by additional preclinical development, the adaptation of the biofabrication protocols to a good manufacturing practice manufacturing process, including all quality controls required, and the design of an advanced therapy clinical trial. The experimental development and successful translation of advanced therapy medicinal products for clinical application has to overcome many obstacles, especially when undertaken by academia or SMEs. We expect that our experience and research strategy may help future researchers to efficiently transfer their preclinical results into the clinical settings.This study was supported by the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (I + D + I) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Carlos III Institute of Health), grants FIS PI14/0955 and FIS PI17/0391 (both cofinanced by ERDF‐FEDER, European Union); by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equity, grant EC10‐285; and by preclinical research funds from the Regional Ministry of Health through the Andalusian Initiative for Advanced Therapies

Rating de pequeñas y medianas empresas mediante árboles de clasificación

The concepts, principles and procedures for developing and implementing a credit-scoring model had been fully developed by the early 1970s. However, the acceptance of these methods by loan officers was not great because they usually applied some relatively subjective evaluation procedures using a heuristic rather than scientific criteria. Nevertheless, the increasing lending institutions worry for diminishing the unpaid loans rate has led them to apply the newest statistical techniques. Moreover, this mind change has allowed them to have a greater control over credit policies. In this sense, the main target of this study is to supply an useful tool capable of classifying good and bad loans by the analysis of firm creditworthiness in an objective way. This work will be performed in cooperation with a very important spanish lender institution. The idea is to use tree-based methods in order to improve the results provided by traditional credit scoring procedures

Rating de pequeñas y medianas empresas mediante árboles de clasificación

The concepts, principles and procedures for developing and implementing a credit-scoring model had been fully developed by the early 1970s. However, the acceptance of these methods by loan officers was not great because they usually applied some relatively subjective evaluation procedures using a heuristic rather than scientific criteria. Nevertheless, the increasing lending institutions worry for diminishing the unpaid loans rate has led them to apply the newest statistical techniques. Moreover, this mind change has allowed them to have a greater control over credit policies. In this sense, the main target of this study is to supply an useful tool capable of classifying good and bad loans by the analysis of firm creditworthiness in an objective way. This work will be performed in cooperation with a very important spanish lender institution. The idea is to use tree-based methods in order to improve the results provided by traditional credit scoring procedures

Transfer of Stimulus Control across Instrumental Responses is attenuated by Extinction in Human Instrumental Conditioning

Transfer of behavioral control by a discriminative stimulus (SD) between different instrumental responses trained with the same outcome has been consistently observed in nonhuman animals, regardless of whether the discriminative stimulus and the instrumental response have undergone extinction. Based on this result, it has been proposed that extinction of nonhuman instrumental learning does not affect SD-outcome associations. Two experiments explored whether this was the case in human instrumental conditioning. Both experiments used a video-game task where participants pressed different colored keys to defend Andalusia from the attack of ships and planes. Key-pressing was reinforced with the destruction of the ship or plane. In Experiment 1 removing the response-contingent outcome extinguished the instrumental response, while responding to a non-extinguished response remained high. As in the animal literature, Experiment 2 found positive transfer of an SD between different responses that produce the same outcome, suggesting the formation of a SD-outcome association in human instrumental conditioning. Contrary to what has been found with nonhuman animals, extinction of the response in the presence of the SD eliminated the transfer effect, suggesting that the SD-outcome association is deteriorated in human instrumental extinctio