Patti prematrimoniali ed in previsione di crisi coniugali.

Puede decirse que, en estos momentos, nos encontramos en una nueva etapa en la razonable evolución de los pactos en previsión de una ruptura familiar en el Derecho español. La jurisprudencia española ha admitido ampliamente los pactos entre cónyuges y entre convivientes de hecho, tanto los celebrados antes como después del matrimonio o la convivencia, tanto los celebrados antes como después de la ruptura familiar (nulidad, separación, divorcio o ruptura en el ámbito de la pareja de hecho) y tanto si han sido celebrados en documento público o en documento privado. No estamos, pues, ante un problema de admisibilidad o de reconocimiento de su eficacia jurídica de una forma muy amplia. No nos encontramos en la situación del Derecho italiano de rechazo generalizado a los pactos en previsión de ruptura familiar (pactos prematrimoniales, en el Derecho español). El problema se encuentra en estos momentos en el vacío regulatorio específico de este tipo de pactos, sobre todo cuando no han sido celebrados en capitulaciones matrimoniales o cuando no forman parte del contenido de un convenio regulador. Cabe entonces preguntarse si la aplicación de las reglas generales de las obligaciones y contratos, juntos a ciertas reglas derivadas del ámbito del Derecho de familia, es suficiente base jurídica para otorgar una respuesta jurídica razonable a los problemas que estos pactos plantean, o si por el contrario, sería conveniente implementar una regulación específica por parte del legislador estatal.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

El derecho de cancelación del usuario de la reserva de alojamientos turísticos

This article studies the recognition of the traveler's right of cancellation (contractual, unilateral and ad nutum) of reservation of tourist accommodations. This option offered to a traveler has become in practice a suitable means to provide a reasonable, clear, and quick solution to possible difficulties or new interests of the traveler that may arise after the conclusion of the contract. The exercise of this right results in the termination of the contract and may entail the payment/forfeiture of a penalty by the traveler in accordance with the agreement. This right is regulated by contractual provisions. In default, it will be ruled by the regulation of the traveler's right of cancellation provided for in the regulation of tourism activity in the respective autonomous community, which is usually very detailed. This paper analyses the legal regimen of cancellations, reservations, and penalties in these contracts and their links with the general rules of contractual obligations.Este artículo estudia el reconocimiento al usuario de un derecho de cancelación (contractual, unilateral y ad nutum) de la reserva de un alojamiento turístico. Esta posibilidad se ha convertido en la práctica en un medio idóneo para arbitrar una solución razonable, clara y rápida ante posibles dificultades o nuevos intereses del usuario surgidos con posterioridad al contrato. El ejercicio de este derecho, que producirá la extinción del contrato, puede conllevar el abono/pérdida de una penalización por parte del usuario conforme a lo pactado. Aparte de la regulación contractual, es frecuente encontrar una detallada regulación del derecho de cancelación del usuario y sus consecuencias jurídicas en la normativa autonómica reguladora de la actividad turística, cuya aplicación suele establecerse como supletoria. En este trabajo se analiza el régimen jurídico de las cancelaciones, reservas y penalizaciones en estos contratos y sus relaciones con las reglas generales de las obligaciones contractuales

Los límites impuestos a las facultades de uso y disfrute de los propietarios para luchar contra la escasez de vivienda disponible en alquiler en España.

The main objective of this article will be to analyze the legal controversy generated by public intervention measures in essential aspects of the free rental housing market to facilitate citizens’ access to adequate housing or their permanence in it. These are measures that have been approved by the Autonomous Communities, the State and town councils in recent years and that require an analysis from an interdisciplinary perspective (constitutional, civil and administrative) to determine their effectiveness and real social impact. We anticipate that this impact has been very limited and, of course, they have not contributed to improving citizens’ access to adequate housing. For this reason, the need to resume the path of civil law is finally defended as the most sensible way to help the rental housing market reach a reasonable balance; Specifically, it is understood that a more modern and efficient regulation of the leasing contract in Spain can contribute to reducing existing imbalances and help to normalize this market; El objetivo principal de este artículo será analizar la controversia jurídica generada por las medidas de intervención pública en aspectos esenciales del mercado libre del alquiler para facilitar el acceso de los ciudadanos a una vivienda digna y adecuada o su permanencia en la misma. Son medidas que han sido aprobadas por CCAA, Estado y ayuntamientos en los últimos años y que requieren un análisis desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar (constitucional, civil y administrativa) para determinar su eficacia e impacto social real.Adelantamos que este impacto ha sido muy limitado y desde luego no han contribuido a mejorar el acceso de los ciudadanos a una vivienda digna. Por este motivo, se defiende finalmente la necesidad de retomar el camino del Derecho civil como la vía más sensata para ayudar a que el mercado del alquiler alcance un equilibrio razonable;en concreto, se entiende que una más moderna y eficiente regulación del contrato de arrendamiento en España puede contribuir a reducir desajustes o desequilibrios existentes y ayudar a la normalización de este mercado

Right of cancellation in case of booking of tourist accommodation

Este artículo estudia el reconocimiento al usuario de un derecho de cancelación (contractual, unilateral y ad nutum) de la reserva de un alojamiento turístico. Esta posibilidad se ha convertido en la práctica en un medio idóneo para arbitrar una solución razonable, clara y rápida ante posibles dificultades o nuevos intereses del usuario surgidos con posterioridad al contrato. El ejercicio de este derecho, que producirá la extinción del contrato, puede conllevar el abono/pérdida de una penalización por parte del usuario conforme a lo pactado.Aparte de la regulación contractual, es frecuente encontrar una detallada regulación del derecho de cancelación del usuario y sus consecuencias jurídicas en la normativa autonómica reguladora de la actividad turística, cuya aplicación suele establecerse como supletoria.En este trabajo se analiza el régimen jurídico de las cancelaciones, reservas y penalizaciones en estos contratos y sus relaciones con las reglas generales de las obligaciones contractualesThis article studies the recognition of the traveler's right of cancellation (contractual, unilateral and ad nutum) of reservation of tourist accommodations. This option offered to a traveler has become in practice a suitable means to provide a reasonable, clear, and quick solution to possible difficulties or new interests of the traveler that may arise after the conclusion of the contract. The exercise of this right results in the termination of the contract and may entail the payment/forfeiture of a penalty by the traveler in accordance with the agreement.This right is regulated by contractual provisions. In default, it will be ruled by the regulation of the traveler's right of cancellation provided for in the regulation of tourism activity in the respectiveautonomous community, which is usually very detailed. This paper analyses the legal regimen of cancellations, reservations, and penalties in these contracts and their links with the general rules of contractual obligations

Presentation of a proposal for a model contract for accommodation in a dwelling and in a room for tourist use

Se presenta el modelo de contrato para el alquiler de alojamientos turísticos, resultante del del proyecto de e investigación I+D+I UMA-18-FEDERJA-132 titulado “los alojamientos turísticos contratados entre particulares en plataformas colaborativas

Variations in pollen calendars along time at Malaga (southern Spain)

Pollen calendars are graphical representations that summarize the general annual dynamics of the more abundant airborne pollen types detected in the atmosphere of a certain location. To elaborate them, it is recommended to have continuous pollen sampling data from a period of, at least, 5 years in order to such pollen calendar be representative. However, the annual pollen dynamics can suffer changes in a medium or long term due to climate and land use changes, so the pollen calendars can therefore, show variations over time. The aim of this study was to detect whether or not changes have occurred in the pollen calendar of Malaga city during a 30-year period, as well as to analyze their possible causes. The aerobiological data were obtained by means of a Hirst-type volumetric pollen trap installed on the roof of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga. Pollen samples were mounted and counted following the methodology proposed by the Spanish Aerobiology Network. A pollen calendar was elaborated for each 10-year period using the AeRobiology R package. Despite the three pollen calendars obtained were elaborated for the same sampling location, there were some important changes in the intensity and temporality of the airborne concentrations detected for some pollen types. These changes can be related to variations in the land uses near the city and temperature variations due to climate change. Pollen calendars should be updated along time in order to maintain their utility, given that it is possible to find some trends in the temporality and intensity of the pollen season of some taxa that can modify substantially this graphical representation.This work was partially financed by the University of Malaga Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain and FEDER fundings inside the Operational Plurirregional Program of Spain 2014-2020, and the Operational Program of Smart Growing (Project Environmental and Biodiversity Climate Change Lab, EnBiC2-Lab). A. Picornell was supported by a postdoctoral grant financed by the Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities of the Junta de Andalucía (POSTDOC_21_00056)

Comparative study of intradiurnal variations of airborne pollen in the city centre and on the outskirts of Malaga city (southern Spain)

Airborne pollen is one of the main causative agents of allergic rhinitis in cities all over the world. Pollen concentrations may vary throughout the day, not being equal in all the points of the city, due to these concentrations are influenced by the presence of nearby pollen emission sources. Knowledge about the influence of these sources is of great interest to allergy sufferers when planning outdoor activities. The aim of this study was to analyse the intradiurnal variation patterns of the airborne pollen concentration both in the city centre and on the outskirts of Malaga as well as quantify the detected differences and establish the influence of the pollen emission sources present in the nearby areas. The aerobiological data were obtained by means of two Hirst-type volumetric pollen traps. One of them was installed on the rooftop of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga (outskirts) and the other in the city centre. The study was carried out during the years 2017-2019, with the most relevant pollen types being considered. Despite the two sampling points being only 5 km apart, notable variations were detected in the intradiurnal patterns of some pollen types because of the location of the nearby pollen emission sources. This reflects the need to conduct aerobiological sampling in several points of the same city in order to obtain more precise and useful information for the allergic population.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Implementation of the PhenoFlex framework for forecasting the start of the main pollen season in the context of climate change

Climate change is affecting the flowering seasonality of many plant species, disrupting the dynamics of their life cycles and triggering changes in ecosystems. These changes are not uniform across all species and geographic regions, and local monitoring is required to gauge future phenological shifts and to establish mitigation strategies. In this context, aerobiological sampling has proven to be a valuable tool for monitoring the flowering onset in anemophilous species. The start date of the main pollen season for a certain pollen type in a given location is usually linked to the flowering onset of the taxa that produce it. This has encouraged the development of different models in recent years to estimate the start of the main pollen season. However, some of these models rely on rigid assumptions that may not fit the diversity of the environmental conditions in which the plants grow. In 2021, Luedeling et al. developed the PhenoFlex statistical framework to forecast the flowering onset of tree species based on biological processes. This model accommodates for both overlapping and sequential chilling and forcing periods. It also fits all the model parameters for the targeted taxa, avoiding the arbitrary selection of fixed parameters. To date, this framework has not been used in aerobiological contexts. In this study, we delve into the applicability of this framework to aerobiological data and issue some recommendations for model validation and its use in estimating climate change impacts. As an example of application, PhenoFlex models were fitted to aerobiological data for Cupressaceae and Platanus from 8 sampling locations within Malaga Province (southern Spain) with 52 sampling years. The models registered mean absolute errors of 7.7 and 4.5 days, respectively, and were used to generate forecasts according to different future temperature scenarios.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Seasonal and intradaily variations of Parietaria pollen in the atmosphere of Málaga.

Parietaria pollen is one of the main causes of hay fever and asthma in the population, presenting a high allergenicity. That is why, in order to inform the population, it is important to determine whether its behaviour pattern is different in different parts of the city. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the behaviour pattern of the Parietaria pollen type in two different points within the city of Malaga and to analyze the existing correlation between pollen concentrations and the main meteorological parameters. We used two Hirst-type volumetric pollen traps, one of them installed in the periphery and the other in the city center, between 2017 and 2019. The samples were mounted and counted following the recommendations of the Spanish Aerobiology Network. To calculate the annual pollen integral, the sum of the mean daily concentrations throughout the year was used. To calculate the intradaily variations, the values were accumulated every two hours, expressed as percentages of the daily total. In order to study the relationships between meteorological parameters and pollen concentrations, Spearman correlation tests have been carried out. The values of the annual pollen integral were always much higher in the centre. Daily mean concentrations showed the presence of this pollen type in the atmosphere throughout the year. Regarding the intraday pattern, a more pronounced peak was observed in the city centre, while in the periphery, the distribution is more homogeneous throughout the day. The meteorological parameters play an important role in determining the daily concentrations in the atmosphere. In the light of these results, we can conclude that it is necessary to install several sampling points within the same city, due to its heterogeneity and different land uses, in order to inform the population with a greater precision and, in this way, prevent respiratory allergies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech