Application of remote sensing to the study of the pelagic spiny lobster larval transport in the Tropical Atlantic

A conectividade de populações marinhas através da dispersão larval é crucial para a manutenção da produção pesqueira e da biodiversidade. A dispersão de larvas ocorre em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais, de forma que o recobrimento global e escala sinóptica fazem dos dados de satélite ferramentas importantes para esses estudos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados do uso de dados de correntes geostróficas derivadas de satélites altímetros para simular o transporte de larvas de lagosta espinhosa no oceano Atlântico Tropical. As simulações foram realizadas ao longo do Atlântico Tropical (20ºN - 15ºS), iniciando em quatro locais (Cabo Verde, Costa do Marfim, Ilha de Ascensão e Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha). Foi utilizado um modelo advectivo/difusivo forçado com o campo médio de circulação geostrófica calculado entre 2001 e 2005 e outro forçado com campo correspondente ao evento de El Niño 2002/2003. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que há uma intensificação de processos oceânicos de meso-escala durante o ano de El Niño, que promove a conectividade entre diferentes estoques e aumenta as chances de ocorrer um fluxo genético. Os dados de correntes geostróficas gerados a partir de satélites altímetros incorporados a um modelo advectivo/difusivo simples podem prover informações importantes acerca da dinâmica física necessárias para conduzir estudos sobre dispersão larval.The connectivity of marine populations via larval dispersal is crucial for the maintenance of fisheries production and biodiversity. Because larval dispersion takes place on different spatial scales, global operational satellite data can be successfully used to investigate the connectivity of marine populations on different spatial and temporal scales. In fact, satellite data have long been used for the study of the large and mesoscale biological processes associated with ocean dynamics. This paper presents simulations of spiny lobster larvae transport in the Tropical Atlantic using the geostrophic currents, generated by altimetry that feeds an advection/diffusion model. Simulations were conducted over the Tropical Atlantic (20ºN to 15ºS), considering four larvae release areas: the Cape Verde Archipelago, the Ivory Coast, Ascension Island and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. We used mean geostrophic current (MGC) calculated from 2001 to 2005 to represent the mean circulation of the Tropical Atlantic. We also ran the model for the El Niño geostrophic current regime (ENGC) using part of the MGC data, representing the El Niño 2002/2003 event. Results suggest that the intensification of the mesoscale ocean processes associated with El Niño events promotes the connectivity between populations, increasing the chances of a genetic flux among different stocks. We concluded that the altimetry geostrophic current data together with a relatively simple advection/diffusion model can provide useful information about the physical dynamics necessary to conduct studies on larval dispersion

A genome survey of Moniliophthora perniciosa gives new insights into Witches' Broom Disease of cacao

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The basidiomycete fungus <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>is the causal agent of Witches' Broom Disease (WBD) in cacao (<it>Theobroma cacao</it>). It is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that colonizes the apoplast of cacao's meristematic tissues as a biotrophic pathogen, switching to a saprotrophic lifestyle during later stages of infection. <it>M. perniciosa</it>, together with the related species <it>M. roreri</it>, are pathogens of aerial parts of the plant, an uncommon characteristic in the order Agaricales. A genome survey (1.9× coverage) of <it>M. perniciosa </it>was analyzed to evaluate the overall gene content of this phytopathogen.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Genes encoding proteins involved in retrotransposition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) resistance, drug efflux transport and cell wall degradation were identified. The great number of genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (1.15% of gene models) indicates that <it>M. perniciosa </it>has a great potential for detoxification, production of toxins and hormones; which may confer a high adaptive ability to the fungus. We have also discovered new genes encoding putative secreted polypeptides rich in cysteine, as well as genes related to methylotrophy and plant hormone biosynthesis (gibberellin and auxin). Analysis of gene families indicated that <it>M. perniciosa </it>have similar amounts of carboxylesterases and repertoires of plant cell wall degrading enzymes as other hemibiotrophic fungi. In addition, an approach for normalization of gene family data using incomplete genome data was developed and applied in <it>M. perniciosa </it>genome survey.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This genome survey gives an overview of the <it>M. perniciosa </it>genome, and reveals that a significant portion is involved in stress adaptation and plant necrosis, two necessary characteristics for a hemibiotrophic fungus to fulfill its infection cycle. Our analysis provides new evidence revealing potential adaptive traits that may play major roles in the mechanisms of pathogenicity in the <it>M. perniciosa</it>/cacao pathosystem.</p

Mapeamento e o uso atual dos solos da fazenda escola experimental de Igarapé-Açu-PA.

Ministério da Educação e do Desporto, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará e Serviço de Documentação e Informação.1) Estudo realizado na Estação de Piscicultura de Castanhal, Município de Castanhal. Estado do Pará, visando a classificação dos solos existentes na área, favorecendo, assim, a realização de um planejamento de uso e manejo. A área está localizada no Município de Castanhal — Pa, com as seguintes coordenadas geográficas Io 17' 46" de Latitude Sul e 45° 55' 28" de Longitude Wgr. O clima é megatérmico e úmido, e a temperatura média anual é de 26° C. Os solos são derivados de sedimentos do Terciário, Formação Barreiras e a geomorfologia é constituída por um relevo de superfície aplainada com pequena variação altimétrica. O levantamento de solos foi efetuado utilizando-se o sistema convencional na escala de 1:4000, e os solos foram classificados como: Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico A moderado textura média; Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico A moderado textura média fase pedregosa I e Glei Pouco Húmico. A classificação foi realizada de acordo com SOIL TAXONOMY e SISTEMA BRASILEIRO DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE SOLOS.2) O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Escola Experimental de Igarapé-Açu, município de Igarapé-Açu, Estado do Pará, com o objetivo de identificação dos solos, além de ::sidiar um planejamento para a execução e uso de solos existentes na área. A área está localizada entre as coordenadas geográficas 0º 45' 15" e 1° 39" de Latitude Sul e 46° 16" e 48º 15" de Longitude Wgr, no Estado do Pará. Na região, o tipo climático é Am, e os solos têm como origem geológica os períodos Terciários e Quaternários, com um relevo variando de plano a suave ondulado. O levantamento de solos foi realizado utilizando-se o sistema convencional na escala de 1:3000, e os solos foram descritos como: Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico A moderado textura média/ argilosa; Podzólico Vermelho - Amarelo A moderado textura média/ argilosa fase pedregosa I e Glei Pouco Húmico Tb Álico A moderado textura argilosa. A classificação foi realizada de acordo com SOIL SURVEY STAFF e SISTEMA BRASILEIRO DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE SOLOS. Na área em estudo foram encontrados plantios diversificados, destacando-se; laranja, manga e côco.1) A Soil Survey of the Station of Pisciculture of Castanhal, county of Castanhal, State of Pará, Brazil, was made for planning of use and management. The area has the following geographical coordinates 1°17'46" of South Latitude and 45° 55'28" of Longitude Wgr. The climale is magathermic and humid médium annual temperature is 26° C. The soils were derived from sediments of Tertiary, and the geomorphology is smoothed with small altimetric variation. The survey of the soils was made by the conventional system in the scale of 1:400, and the soils were described as distrophic yellow latosol, médium texture, distrophic yellow latosol, médium texmre stony phase, and low humic gley. The soil classification was made by the American and by the Brazilian Taxonomy System.2) A soil survey of the experimental farm school of Igarapé-Açu, State of Pará, Brazil, was made for planning of use and management. The geographical coordinates of the area were 0° 45' 15" and Io 39" of south latitude and 46° 16' 48° 15" of west longitude. The climate is of the Am type, and the soils were derived from tertiary and quatemary geologic periods with a relief varying of flat to undulating. The survey of soil were made by the conventional system in the scale of 1:300 and the soils were described as distrophic rib yellow podzolic, loamy to médium texture, red yellow podzolic, loamy to médium texture stony phase, and Alie low humic gley, loamy texture. The soil classification was made by the American and by the Brazilian Taxonomy System. Diversified plantations of orange, mango, coconut were found in the area

O Museu do Estado da Bahia, entre ideais e realidades (1918 a 1959)

This article retraces the trajectory of the Museu do Estado da Bahia from 1918 to 1959. The aim is to identify its successive museological practices and the implementation of the so-called processes of musealization during its institutionalization and consolidation, which were also related to the personalities of the administrators and their expectations regarding political and social interactions, as well their expectations toward the State of Bahia itself. Having dealt with a wide range of conflicts, alterations have been observed in how the museum functions. Within the framework in question, three successive periods have been characterized: its establishment as a historic museum; its consolidation as an eclectic museum with a focus on history, and the path towards art under the direction of José Valladares

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p &lt; 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)