Assessment of the Agri-food System for Sustainability: Recognizing Ignorance

Crop Production/Industries,

Experience Implementing a Performant Category-Theory Library in Coq

We describe our experience implementing a broad category-theory library in Coq. Category theory and computational performance are not usually mentioned in the same breath, but we have needed substantial engineering effort to teach Coq to cope with large categorical constructions without slowing proof script processing unacceptably. In this paper, we share the lessons we have learned about how to represent very abstract mathematical objects and arguments in Coq and how future proof assistants might be designed to better support such reasoning. One particular encoding trick to which we draw attention allows category-theoretic arguments involving duality to be internalized in Coq's logic with definitional equality. Ours may be the largest Coq development to date that uses the relatively new Coq version developed by homotopy type theorists, and we reflect on which new features were especially helpful.Comment: The final publication will be available at link.springer.com. This version includes a full bibliography which does not fit in the Springer version; other than the more complete references, this is the version submitted as a final copy to ITP 201

Proposal of a novel design for linear superconducting motor using 2G tape stacks

This paper presents a new design for a su- perconducting linear motor (SLM). This SLM uses stacks of second-generation (2G) superconducting tapes, which are responsible for replacing yttrium barium copper oxide bulks. The proposed SLM may operate as a synchronous motor or as a hysteresis motor, depending on the load force magnitude. A small-scale linear machine prototype with 2G stacks was constructed and tested to investigate the proposed SLM topology. The stator traveling magnetic field wave was represented by several Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets. A relative movement was produced between the stator and the stack, and the force was measured along the displacement. This system was also simulated by the finite element method, in order to calculate the induced currents in the stack and determine the electromagnetic force. The H-formulation was used to solve the problem, and a power law relation was applied to take into account the intrin- sically nonlinearity of the superconductor. The simulated and measured results were in accordance. Simulated re- sults were extrapolated, proving to be an interesting tool to scale up the motor in future projects. The proposed motor presented an estimated force density of almost 500 N/kg, which is much higher than any linear motor.This work was supported in part by the following agencies: CNPq/CAPES/INERGE, CNPq—Ci ˆ encias sem Fronteiras, FAPERJ, Catalan Government 2014- SGR-753, CONSOLIDER Excellence Network MAT2014-56063-C2-1-R and MAT2015-68994-REDC, Eurofusion EU COST ACTIONS MP1201/ MP1014/PPPT-WPMAG 2014, EUROTAPES FP7-NMP-Large-2011- 280432, FORTISSIMO FP7-2013-ICT-609029, and Spanish Govern- ment Agencies—Severo Ochoa Programme Centres of Excellence in R&D. (Corresponding author: Guilherme G. Sotelo.

Non-Resonant Effects in Implementation of Quantum Shor Algorithm

We simulate Shor's algorithm on an Ising spin quantum computer. The influence of non-resonant effects is analyzed in detail. It is shown that our ``$2\pi k$''-method successfully suppresses non-resonant effects even for relatively large values of the Rabi frequency.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure

Exit times in non-Markovian drifting continuous-time random walk processes

By appealing to renewal theory we determine the equations that the mean exit time of a continuous-time random walk with drift satisfies both when the present coincides with a jump instant or when it does not. Particular attention is paid to the corrections ensuing from the non-Markovian nature of the process. We show that when drift and jumps have the same sign the relevant integral equations can be solved in closed form. The case when holding times have the classical Erlang distribution is considered in detail.Comment: 9 pages, 3 color plots, two-column revtex 4; new Appendix and references adde

Sub-Femto-g free fall for space-based gravitational wave observatories : LISA Pathfinder results

We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2 +/- 0.1 fm s(-2)/root Hz, or (0.54 +/- 0.01) x 10(-15) g/root Hz, with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8 +/- 0.3) fm/root Hz, about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f <= 0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s(-2)/root Hz down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Proteins influencing foam formation in wine and beer: the role of yeast

This review focuses on the role of proteins in the production and maintenance of foam in both sparkling winesand beer. The quality of the foam in beer but especially in sparkling wines depends, among other factors, on the presence ofmannoproteins released from the yeast cell walls during autolysis. These proteins are hydrophobic, highly glycosylated, andtheir molecular masses range from 10 to 200 kDa- characteristics that allow mannoproteins to surround and thus stabilizethe gas bubbles of the foam. Both the production and stabilization of foam also depend on other proteins. In wine, theseinclude grape-derived proteins such as vacuolar invertase; in beer, barley-derived proteins, such as LTP1, protein Z, andhordein-derived polypeptides, are even more important in this respect than mannoproteins

H-Formulation FEM Modeling of the Current Distribution in 2G HTS Tapes and Its Experimental Validation Using Hall Probe Mapping

One of the most widespread mathematical formulations applied to simulate the electromagnetic phenomena of coated conductor in the recent literature is the H one. However, the only validation of the model has been indirect by using measurements taken from the applications, as measurements of the energy losses in ac fields, forces developed in levitation systems or any other parameter related to a specific application. Direct validation of the calculation requires the observation of the local out of plane magnetic field over the surface of the sample and this is only accessible under magneto-optical observations and, in a larger scale and better dynamic range, by the Hall scanning microscopy. We propose here the experimental validation of the H-formulation by comparing the simulated results with measurements made by a Hall probe mapping in a second generation (2G) tape sample for several DC transported currents at 77 K. The paper presents a methodology to simulate the 2G tape by using only measured data obtained from a sample and its normalized J(B) experimental curves. Some boundary conditions that allow a faster convergence of the problem are investigated. Simulated results of the 2G tape modelled considering only the 1 μm HTS layer were compared with other that represent the most important layers of the coated conductor structure in the calculations. The simulated and measured results present a good agreement, proving that this model can calculate precisely the magnetic field and, hence, the current distribution in HTS samples.This work was supported in part by the followings grants: “Science Without Borders” from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); by the European Agency (EU) through the Factories of the Future Resources, Technology, Infrastructure and Services for Simulation and Modelling (FORTISSIMO) Project under Grant EU FP7-2013-ICT-609029, the European Development of Superconducting Tapes (EUROTAPES) Project under Grant EU-FP7 NMP-LA-2012- 280432, the European Consortium for the Development of Fusion Energy (EUROfusion, PPPT-WPMAG 2014), and EU COST ACTIONS MP1201 and MP1014; by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D under Grant SEV-2015-0496, CONSOLIDER Excellence Network under Grant MAT2015- 68994-REDC, COACHSUPENERGY project under Grant MAT2014-56063- C2-1-R, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund; by the Catalan Government under Grant 2014-SGR-753 and Xarmae