Governance of online creation communities for the building of digital commons : viewed through the framework of the institutional analysis and development

This chapter addresses the governance of a specific type of constructed commonpool resource, online creation communities (OCCs). OCCs are communities of individuals that mainly interact via a platform of online participation, with the goal of building and sharing a common-pool resource resulting from collaboratively systematizing and integrating dispersed information and knowledge resources. Previous research of the governance of OCCs has been based on analyzing specific aspects of the governance. However, there has been a gap in the literature, one of lacking a comprehensive and holistic view of what governance means in collective action online. This chapter provides a set of dimensions that define the governance of OCCs. Particularly, most previous work did not consider infrastructure provision in their analysis. This chapter challenges previous literature by questioning the neutrality of infrastructure for collective action. The governance of OCCs is here analyzed through the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework, building on Madison, Frischmann, and Strandburg's (2010) adaptation of this framework to constructing commons in the cultural environment. References to Schweik and English's adaptation of IAD to free and open source communities will also be made. The empirical data are drawn from a statistical analysis of 50 cases and four case studies on OCCs (Wikipedia, Flickr, Wikihow, and Openesf). The empirical analysis results in a set of models of OCCs governance. The conclusions provide an assessment of the utility of IAD in the analysis of OCCs, and Madison, Frischmann, and Strandburg's adaptation. Additionally, it ends by addressing the defining characteristics of digital commons

Cultura lliure a Catalunya

Aquest capítol és una aproximació a la cultura lliure: se'n repassa el context històric, s'analitza amb detall el concepte de cultura lliure i, finalment, es descriu aquest moviment a Catalunya a partir d'indicadors sobre la seva dimensió i d'un mapa dels sectors en què s'ha anant desenvolupant. L'estudi s'ha basat en la triangulació de mètodes, incloent-hi l'anàlisi documental, indicadors web, un eqüestionari a 145 iniciatives i 24 entrevistes

Crisis de representación y de participación. ¿son las comunidades virtuales nuevas formas de agregación y participación ciudadana?

Democratic political systems are currently undergoing something of an upheaval. Based on an analysis of two case studies concerning Online Creation Communities (OCCs), which are conceived of and implemented on the Internet, this paper presents some conclusions regarding the specific characteristics of the participation and the political agency that have the potential to become more widespread as the profound transformation of contemporary democracy proceeds. The cases studied are the project of memory viva of the European Social Forum and Wikipedia.Los sistemas políticos democráticos están atravesando un período de fuertes convulsiones. A partir del análisis de dos casos de estudio de Comunidades de Creación Online (CCOs), como formas pensadas e implementadas en y desde Internet, el artículo presenta algunas conclusiones sobre las características específicas de la participación y la agencia política que puedan resultar generalizables en un proceso de transformación profunda de la democracia contemporánea. Los casos de estudio son el proyecto de memoria viva del Foro Social Europeo y Wikipedia

Modelos emergentes de sostenibilidad de procomunes audiovisuales Sustainable models of audiovisual commons

RESUMEN Este articulo afronta un fenómeno emergente caracterizado por el continuo cambio y experimentación: la creación colaborativa y procomún de contenidos audiovisuales online. El análisis se centra en extraer cuales son los modelos de sostenibilidad de la creación colaborativa online. La unidad de análisis son casos de Comunidades de Creación Online (CCOs), esto es, comunidades de individuos que colaboran en el ámbito digital para la construcción de recursos audiovisuales. El presente articulo es un extracto de una investigación mayor, centrada * Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard University. PALABRAS CLAVE Comunidades de creación online (CCO), sostenibilidad, contenidos audiovisuales. ABSTRACT This paper addresses an emerging phenomenon characterized by continuous change and experimentation: the collaborative commons creation of audiovisual content online. The analysis wants to focus on models of sustainability of collaborative online creation, paying particular attention to the use of diferent forms of advertising. This article is an excerpt of a larger investigation, which unit of analysis are cases of Online Creation Communities that take as their central node of activity the Catalan territory. From 22 selected cases, the methodology combines quantitative analysis, through a questionnaire delivered to all cases, and qualitative analysis through face interviews conducted in 8 cases studied. The research, which conclusions we summarize in this article,in this article, leads us to conclude that the sustainability of the project depends largely on relationships of trust and interdependence between diferent voluntary agents, the non-monetary contributions and retributions as well as resources and infrastructure of free use. All together leads us to understand that this is and will be a very important area for the future of audiovisual content and its sustainability, which will imply changes in the policies that govern them

Modelos emergentes de sostenibilidad de procomunes audiovisuales

This paper addresses an emerging phenomenon characterized by continuous change and experimentation: the collaborative commons creation of audiovisual content online. The analysis wants to focus on models of sustainability of collaborative online creation, paying particular attention to the use of different forms of advertising. This article is an excerpt of a larger investigation, which unit of analysis are cases of Online Creation Communities that take as their central node of activity the Catalan territory. From 22 selected cases, the methodology combines quantitative analysis, through a questionnaire delivered to all cases, and qualitative analysis through face interviews conducted in 8 cases studied. The research, which conclusions we summarize in this article,in this article, leads us to conclude that the sustainability of the project depends largely on relationships of trust and interdependence between different voluntary agents, the non-monetary contributions and retributions as well as resources and infrastructure of free use. All together leads us to understand that this is and will be a very important area for the future of audiovisual content and its sustainability, which will imply changes in the policies that govern them.Este articulo afronta un fenómeno emergente caracterizado por el continuo cambio y experimentación: la creación colaborativa y procomún de contenidos audiovisuales online. El análisis se centra en extraer cuales son los modelos de sostenibilidad de la creación colaborativa online. La unidad de análisis son casos de Comunidades de Creación Online (CCOs), esto es, comunidades de individuos que colaboran en el ámbito digital para la construcción de recursos audiovisuales. El presente articulo es un extracto de una investigación mayor, centrada en el análisis de casos que toman como nodo o sede central de su actividad el territorio catalán. A partir de 22 casos seleccionados, la metodología de la investigación combinaba análisis cuantitativo, a través de un cuestionario suministrado al total de los casos, y análisis cualitativo, a través de entrevistas presenciales realizadas en 8 casos de estudio. La investigación, cuyas conclusiones sintetizamos en este artículo, nos lleva a concluir que la sostenibilidad de los proyectos depende en gran medida de relaciones de confianza y de interdependencia voluntarias entre diferentes agentes, contribuciones y retribuciones de carácter no-monetario así como de recursos e infraestructuras que permiten su uso libre. Todo ellos nos lleva a concluir la importancia de esta área de estudio de cara a una mejor definición de las políticas publicas en torno a estas experiencias