Hydrogeochemistry of freshwaters crossed by the Transamazon highway, Northern Brazil

In the context of the comprehensive study of the hydrogeochemistry and classification of Amazon freshwaters, 80 rivers crossing the E-W transect of the Transamazon highway, between Altamira and Humaitá (Brazil) were analysed (pH, specific conductance, suspended solids, color, alkalinity, Cl, SO4, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Si, C org, NH4, and PO4). The chemical data were evaluated and discussed under the following headings: - average content of major and trace elements compared to the world average. - relative dominance of major ions compared to the percentages of sum components of major cations and anions, respectively, - use of MAUCHA diagrams to depict the major ionic environment, - frequency distribution of major and trace elements and their relation to Amazonian and world scales, - variability of major and trace element content along the transect in relation to the geological conditions in the respective watersheds, - comparison of chemical characteristics of groups of waters from geologically different watersheds with their signifìcant differences. The results are fully described and presented in 16 figures and 7 tables

Comparison of the drilling process on samples of material

Již podle názvu můžeme usoudit, že tato rešeršní práce se zabývá porovnáním vrtacích technologii. V úvodu práce jsou shrnuty různé typy nástrojů a strojů k tvorbě vnitřních rotačních děr, další práce část naváže na pojednání o vrtacích přípravcích a nástrojových materiálech. V závěru práce je popsán provedený experiment odvrtání vnitřních rotačních děr.According to the name we can judge, that this research work is interested in comparing drilling technologies. The introduction of work includes different types of tools and machines to production interior rotated holes, another part continues with dissertation about drilling preparatory and tools materials. The end of work describes the experiment about drill interior rotated holes.

Bürgerlicher Habitus (Bourdieu) in "Frau Jenny Treibel" und "Buddenbrooks"

Es liegt dieser Arbeit über den bürgerlichen Habitus die Theorie des Soziologen Pierre Bourdieu zugrunde. Bourdieus Theorie erklärt die Muster menschlicher Verhaltungsweisen in einer Weise, dass sie auf die aktuelle Zeit ebenso anzuwenden ist als auf jede andere Zeit.Ich wende Bourdieus Theorie auf auf die Romane "Buddenbrooks" von Thomas Mann und "Frau Jenny Treibel" von Theodor Fontane an und zeige auf, durch welche Verhaltensweisen die Gesellschaftsschichten Adel, Bürgertum und Arbeiterschaft voneinander unterscheidbar sind

Soluble pigments from the roots of the Amazonian water-hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes SOLMS

The roots of the amazonian water weed Eichhornia crassipes exhibit a characteristic feature normally not common amongst higher plants: especially the walls of the epidermic, hypodermic and endodermic layer contain red, blue and violet pigments whereas other parts of the roots like the peripheric cortex, the aerenchyma, and the central cylinder are less colored. Part oft he pigments proved to be anthocyanins. The possible function of the deposition of these pigments is discussed (protective agents against potential pathogens or predators attack). [in German

Nutrient dynamics of submersed decomposing Amazonian herbaceous plant species Paspalum fasciculatum and Echinochloa polystachya

Dans la plaine inondée de l'Amazone, la décomposition des plantes herbacée est très rapide durant la période d'inondation. Des experiences menées sur les plantes herbacées aquatiques et terrestres #Echinochloa polystachya et #Paspalum fasciculatum dans des bassins remplis d'eau de source, suggèrent que de grandes quantités de bio-éléments (Na, K, Ca, Mg, N, et P) sont perdues durant les 2 à 4 premières semaines d'exposition du matériel végétal. De 76 à 100 % des quantités totales d'éléments perdues par le matériel végétal se retrouvent sous forme soluble dans l'eau, à l'exception de l'azote pour lequel les valeurs obtenues sont de 57 % pour #Echinochloa polystachya$et 47$. Un bilan des diverses sources de bio-éléments durant la période d'inondation, dans un hypothétique lac de la plaine inondée, montre que l'eau du fleuve est la plus importante source de Na (99,5 %), Ca (93 %) et Mg (86,5 %) sous forme dissoute. Cependant, les plantes herbacées terrestres et la litière de la forêt de la plaine inondée restent les plus importantes sources de N (77,2 %), P (83,2 %) et K (60,7 %). Ces résultats montrent l'importance de la végétation terrestre comme pompe à éléments des sédiments vers l'eau et sa grande contribution à la dynamique des éléments nutritifs et à la production des systèmes de plaine inondée. (Résumé d'auteur

Spatio-temporal characterisation of a 100 kHz 24 W sub-3-cycle NOPCPA laser system

In recent years, OPCPA and NOPCPA laser systems have shown the potential to supersede Ti:sapphire plus post-compression based laser systems to drive next generation attosecond light sources via direct amplification of few-cycle pulses to high pulse energies at high repetition rates. In this paper, we present a sub 3-cycle, 100 kHz, 24 W NOPA laser system and characterise its spatio-temporal properties using the SEA-F-SPIDER technique. Our results underline the importance of spatio-temporal diagnostics for these emerging laser systems

A Model for Predicting Motor Vehicle Life Cycle Cost and its Verification

In the paper there is a draft of a general model to be used for calculating life cycle costs and determining an optimum period of durability of a motor vehicle. This model is created in the MATLAB software environment. The paper contains calculations and input data which are necessary for making a model that would predict motor vehicle life cycle costs and determine the optimum period of durability. The suggested model might be used for working out life cycle costs of a new vehicle type for which the costs have not been determined yet. This model can also be applied when comparing several types of motor land vehicles of the same category during purchase. It is advisable to use the model mainly during tenders, since life cycle costs are one of the major criterion when selecting a supplier. The model enables us to calculate not only life cycle costs, but also vehicle amortization which depends upon mileage and age of a vehicle. All cumulative values might be transformed into unit values related to the mileage

Numerical study of spatiotemporal distortions in noncollinear optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers

During amplification in a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier the spatial and temporal coordinates of the amplified field are inherently coupled. These couplings or distortions can limit the peak intensity, among other things. In this work, a numerical study of the spatiotemporal distortions in BBO-based noncollinear optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers (NOPCPAs) is presented for a wide range of parameters and for different amplification conditions. It is shown that for Gaussian pump beams, gain saturation introduces strong distortions and high conversion efficiency always comes at the price of strong spatiotemporal couplings which drastically reduce the peak intensity even when pulse fronts of the pump and the signal are matched. However, high conversion efficiencies with minimum spatiotemporal distortions can still be achieved with flat-top pump beam profiles

Selected bioelements in bark and wood of native tree species from Central-Amazonian inundation forests

The chemical differences between tree foliage from várzea- and igapó forests are confirmed by respective analyses of bark and wood. While generally bark presents higher concentrations than wood, bark and wood of trees from the várzea have higher concentrations than those from the igapó forest. Species composition as well as river water chemistry and soil quality account for the differences between várzea and igapó