Penetrative nature of high energy showers observed in Chacaltaya emulsion chamber

About 30% of single core showers with E (sup gamma) 10 TeV have stronger penetrating power than that expected from electromagnetic showers (e,gamma). On the other hand, their starting points of cascades in the chamber are found to be as shallow as those of (e,gamma) components. It is suggested that those showers are very collimated bundles of hadron and (e,gamma) component. Otherwise, it is assumed that the collision mean free path of those showers in the chamber is shorter than that of hadron with geometrical value

Distribution and Migration Patterns of Subsurface Fluids in the Wilcox Group in Central Louisiana

Variations of pore fluid properties as well as lithologies in central Louisiana were investigated using more than 300 conventional well logs in order to understand processes and patterns of fluid flow in the Wilcox Group in the region. A statistical evaluation of log parameters was done to provide information required for interpreting older logs in the region. Most of the study area is located between the northern and southern Louisiana salt dome basins, and there is a general lack of significant structural deformation. The two discrete sand dominated zones in the study area are the Wilcox and the post-Vicksburg groups. These are stratigraphically separated by the predominantly shaly Claiborne through Vicksburg groups, which are thickest and shaliest in the southern portion of the study area. SP-derived salinity profiles on regional cross sections suggest two sources of dissolved salt in the pore fluids: the northern and the southern salt domes. Dissolved salt may have been transported laterally distances exceeding 100 km. In the northern part of the study area, pore water salinity progressively increases with depth through the entire Miocene-Wilcox sequence, implying efficient vertical communication throughout this 12,000-foot stratigraphic sequence. Where the Claiborne-Vicksburg shale sequence thickens to the south, however, there is a marked discontinuity in salinity with depth reflecting vertical hydrologic compartmentalization. Calculated pore water densities vary a little vertically within the post-Wilcox. The occurrence of hydrocarbons in the Wilcox of central Louisiana may have been controlled by the presence of structural highs, La Salle arch, sand distribution in the Holly Spring Delta of the lower Wilcox, the major impermeable stratigraphic barrier of the Claiborne-Vicksburg shale interval, the areal limitation of the Big Shale as a stratigraphic barrier, and the progressive decrease in oil viscosity updip to the north

Chinese Translations of Pratyakṣa

In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramāṇa, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, Yogācāra and tathāgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of “sinification”, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist “schools”. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, “liminal” space of interchange between two large traditions.In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramāṇa, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, Yogācāra and tathāgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of “sinification”, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist “schools”. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, “liminal” space of interchange between two large traditions

Effects of virus infection on photosynthesis, growth, and population dynamics of Eupatorium makinoi

Thesis (Ph. D. in Science)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 1791, 1998.3.2

Low-Cycle Fatigue Tests of a Type of Buckling Restrained Braces

AbstractIn order to satisfy fatigue performance requirements of High Performance Seismic Dampers (HPSDs), which are expected to withstand Level 2 earthquakes three times without being replaced, a low-cycle fatigue experiment was carried out to address fatigue life problems about steel Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs). The results of fatigue tests under the constant and variable amplitude loadings show that all the specimens have good fatigue performance and the toe-finished method can effectively improve the fatigue performance of BRBs with relatively small strain amplitudes. But the BRB's fatigue performance is affected by the in-plane gap width between filler members and the restraining member, which is verified by the comparative tests. Finally, fatigue curves are compared between these full-scale BRB tests and material tests presented in references

Selectable diffusion direction with topologically protected edge modes

Topological insulators provide great potentials to control diffusion phenomena as well as waves. Here, we show that the direction of thermal diffusion can be selected by the contributions of the topologically protected edge modes via the quantum spin Hall effect in a honeycomb-shaped structure. We demonstrate that when we set our structure to the temperature corresponding to the type of edge mode, the direction of thermal diffusion can be tuned. Moreover, this diffusion system is found to be immune to defects owing to the robustness of topological states. Our work points to exciting new avenues for controlling diffusion phenomena.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure