Transmission Electron Microscope Study of Neutron Irradiation-induced Defects in Silicon

Commercial Czochralski-grown silicon (Cz-Si) and float-zone silicon(Fz-Si) wafers were irradiated with fission neutrons at various fluences from 10^ to 10^ n/cm^2 at temperatures ranging from 473K to 1043K. The irradiation induced defect structures were examined by transmission electron microscopy and ultra high voltage electron microscopy, which were compared with Marlowe code computer simulation results. It was concluded that the vacancy-type damage structure formed at 473K were initiated from collapse of vacancy-rich regions of cascades, while interstitial type defect clusters formed by irradiation above 673K were associated with interstitial oxygen atoms and free interstitials which diffused out of the cascades. Complex defect structures were identified to consist of {113} and {111} planar faults by the parallel beam illumination diffraction analysis

Diastereoselective imino-pinacol coupling of chiral imines promoted by Mg(0) and a Grignard reagent

The reaction of chiral imines, derived from aromatic aldehydes and (S)-valinol, with a Grignard reagent in the presence of Mg(0) afforded imino-pinacol coupling products instead of alkylated amines, with a high level of diastereoselectivity. The chiral auxiliary in the product was successfully removed via dehydration followed by hydrolysis, and the corresponding (R,R)-ethylenediamine derivative was obtained as the N-Boc protected form. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ArticleTETRAHEDRON. 71(6):977-981 (2015)journal articl

加齢またはアルツハイマー病が語彙・意味機能に及ぼす影響 : 意味的プライミング法による検討

This study aims to clarify the influences of aging and AD on lexical-semantics by assigning a semantic priming paradigm. The following participants are included in the study: 30 young students, 22 early elderly, 19 late elderly, and 14 AD patients. The participants are asked to perform lexical decision tasks. Targets are high-frequency concrete words or nonwords. The primes are controlled with regard to their semantic relevance to the targets as follows: Association (e.g., king - lion), Superordination (beast - lion), Coordination (tiger - lion), Shared feature (eyes - lion), Distinctive feature (mane - lion), or Neutral (XXXX – lion). The participants have to decide whether the stimulus is a real word or not as correctly and as quickly as possible when the targets appeared on a monitor. As the Results, the mean reaction times (RTs) of the elderly groups are significantly longer than those of the young group, and the RTs of the AD group are even longer than those of the elderly groups. In the young and the elderly groups, the RTs for all the related-prime conditions are significantly shorter than those for the neutral-prime conditions (priming effects). The priming effects appears to be greater in the elderly groups. However, when the RTs are taken into consideration (priming rates), the gains are equivalent among young and elderly groups. In the AD group, priming effects are not observed, and noticeable individual differences in the priming rate are seen. The above findings suggest that lexical-semantics are generally preserved from aging. We also discusses that lexical-semantics are impaired in AD, and the diversity of the impairments may be the essence of AD

A new cyano-substituted fluorescamine superior to its original form as a fluorescent probe for amino acid detection

Available online 7 February 2018.Synthesis and spectral study of two new cyano-substituted fluorescamine as the fluorescent probes for amino acid detection have been carried out comparing with the original fluorescamine. Of the three compounds, the derivative with a cyano group at the meta-position on the 4-phenyl group was found to be superior to the original one in the reactivity toward some amino acids as well as the fluorescence intensity of the adducts. The fluorescent amino acid adducts were also applied to the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system as the fluorophores, in which the derivative described above was found to be more effective also in chemiluminescence than the original one. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ArticleTETRAHEDRON LETTERS. 59(12):1104-1107 (2018)journal articl

Effects of Lipid Peroxidation-Derived Products on the Growth of Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29

Epidemiologic investigations indicate a close relationship between colorectal cancer and fat intake. However, to date the effects of lipid peroxidation-derived products that are formed from fat (especially free or esterified unsaturated fatty acids) on the initiation or progression of colorectal cancer have not been investigated extensively. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of fatty acids, fatty acid hydroperoxides and aldehydes on the growth of human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29. At concentrations of 1 and 10 µM, linoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids, and 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic and 15-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acids had no significant effects on the growth of HT-29 cells. 4-Hydroxynonenal and 4-hydroxyhexenal had no significant effects on the growth of HT-29 cells up to 10 µM, whereas 4-oxononenal potently inhibited HT-29 cell growth (1–10 µM, 16–85% inhibition). Further experiments concerning DNA fragmentation, expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA, expression levels of pro-caspase-3 and caspase-3 proteins, and activity of caspase-3 suggested that 4-oxononenal may increase the sensitivity of HT-29 cells to apoptosis through a decreased expression level of Bcl-2 and then increased formation of caspase-3 from pro-caspase-3

Eisenhart Lift of 22--Dimensional Mechanics

The Eisenhart lift is a variant of geometrization of classical mechanics with $d$ degrees of freedom in which the equations of motion are embedded into the geodesic equations of a Brinkmann-type metric defined on $(d+2)$-dimensional spacetime of Lorentzian signature. In this work, the Eisenhart lift of $2$-dimensional mechanics on curved background is studied. The corresponding $4$-dimensional metric is governed by two scalar functions which are just the conformal factor and the potential of the original dynamical system. We derive a conformal symmetry and a corresponding quadratic integral, associated with the Eisenhart lift. The energy--momentum tensor is constructed which, along with the metric, provides a solution to the Einstein equations. Uplifts of $2$-dimensional superintegrable models are discussed with a particular emphasis on the issue of hidden symmetries. It is shown that for the $2$-dimensional Darboux--Koenigs metrics, only type I can result in Eisenhart lifts which satisfy the weak energy condition. However, some physically viable metrics with hidden symmetries are presented.Comment: 20 page

Remarkable similarities of two pairs of stable and saddle canards in a van der Pol oscillator under extremely weak periodic perturbation

Canards are interesting nonlinear phenomena that have generated intense research interest since their discovery in the late 20th century. We are interested here in how canard-generating dynamics are influenced by extremely weak periodic perturbations that cause the formation of saddle-node bifurcations in the fundamental harmonic entrainment region. In a previous study, we discovered that another entrainment region exists within the fundamental harmonic entrainment region surrounded by the second saddle-node bifurcation curves. We found that two pairs of stable and saddle canards coexist in this second entrainment region under such weak periodic perturbation. Moreover, the stable and saddle canards are matched pairwise; i.e., each stable canard quite closely resembles a corresponding saddle canard. Calculation of the correlation coefficients of the four canards revealed two similar solutions on the order of 0.9999⋯ between the two pairs of similar canards. In contrast, the correlation coefficients of the dissimilar canards differ from unity in proportion to the difference between the given bifurcation parameter value and the parameter values at the saddle-node bifurcation points. Approximately, they take values from 0.998 to 0.975. These contrasts are noteworthy. Similar bifurcation phenomena were observed in the 1/2-subharmonic entrainment region. We hypothesize that the two pairs of stable and saddle canards are invariant with respect to a slight shift of time at the saddle-node bifurcation points, and we numerically prove that such a property approximately holds at the bifurcation points

強度変調放射線治療計画の線量体積制約に基づく最適化

We present a novel optimization method to handle dose-volume constraints (DVCs) directly in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning based on the idea of continuous dynamical methods. Most of the conventional methods are constructed for solving inconsistent inverse problems with, e.g., dose-volume based objective functions, and one expects to obtain a feasible solution that minimally violates the DVCs. We introduce the concept of ‘acceptable’, meaning that there exists a nonempty set of radiation beam weights satisfying the given DVCs, and we resolve the issue that the objective and evaluation are different in the conventional planning approach. We apply the initial-value problem of the proposed dynamical system to an acceptable and inconsistent inverse problem and prove that the convergence to an equilibrium in the acceptable set of solutions is theoretically guaranteed by using the Lyapunov theorem. Indeed, we confirmed that we can obtain acceptable beam weights through numerical experiments using phantom data simulating a clinical setup for an acceptable and inconsistent IMRT planning system

Bifurcation scenarios for a 3D torus and torus-doubling

Bifurcation transitions between a 1D invariant closed curve (ICC), corresponding to a 2D torus in vector fields, and a 2D invariant torus (IT), corresponding to a 3D torus in vector fields, have been the subjects of intensive research in recent years. An existing hypothesis involves the bifurcation boundary between a region generating an ICC and a region generating an IT. It asserts that an IT would be generated from a stable fixed point as a consequence of two Hopf (or two Neimark–Sacker) bifurcations. We assume that this hypothesis may puzzle many researchers because it is difficult to assess its validity, although it seems to be a reasonable bifurcation scenario at first glance. To verify this hypothesis, we conduct a detailed Lyapunov analysis for a coupled delayed logistic map that can generate an IT, and indicate that this hypothesis does not hold according to numerical results. Furthermore, we show that a saddle-node bifurcation of unstable periodic points does not coincide with the bifurcation boundary between an ICC and an IT. In addition, the bifurcation boundaries of torus doubling do not coincide with a period-doubling bifurcation of unstable periodic points. To conclude, torus bifurcations have no relation with the bifurcations of unstable periodic points. Additionally, we exactly derive a quasi-periodic Hopf bifurcation boundary introducing a double Poincaré map