Guidelines to develop demonstration models on industry 4.0 for engineering training

[EN] Industrial digitization is currently a great challenge which involves continuous advances in tech-nologies such as automation, robotics, internet of things, cloud computing, big data, virtual and augmented reality or cybersecurity. Only those companies able to adapt and with qualified work-ers will be competitive. Therefore, it is necessary to design new environments to train students and workers in these enabling technologies. In this paper, a set of guidelines is proposed to develop a demonstration model on Industry 4.0. Following these guidelines, an existing manufacturing industrial system, based on an electro-pneumatic cell for classifying pieces, is updated to the Industry 4.0 paradigm. The result is an Industry 4.0 demonstration model where enabling tech-nologies are added in an integrated way. In this manner, students do not only train in each technology, but also understand the interactions between them. In the academic year 2020/21, this demonstration model has been used by engineering students in a subject of a master’s degree. Impressions and comments from students about the structure and management of the environ-ment, as well as the influence on their learning process are collected and discussed.SIThis work was supported by the Spanish State Research Agency, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under Grant PID2020-117890RB-I00. The work of José Ramón Rodríguez- Ossorio was supported by a grant of the Research Programme of the Universidad de León 2020. The work of Guzmán González-Mateos was supported by a grant of the Research Programme of the University of León 202

Environment for Education on Industry 4.0

[EN] A new industrial production model based on digitalization, system interconnection, virtualization and data exploitation, has emerged. Upgrade of production processes towards this Industry 4.0 model is one of the critical challenges for the industrial sector and, consequently, the training of students and professionals has to address these new demands. To carry out this task, it is essential to develop educational tools that allow students to interact with real equipment that implements, in an integrated way, new enabling technologies, such as connectivity with standard protocols, storage and data processing in the cloud, machine learning, digital twins and industrial cybersecurity measures. For that reason, in this work, we present an educational environment on Industry 4.0 that incorporates these technologies reproducing realistic industrial conditions. This environment includes cutting-edge industrial control system technologies, such as an industrial firewall and a virtual private network (VPN) to strengthen cybersecurity, an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) gateway to transfer process information to the cloud, where it can be stored and analyzed, and a digital twin that virtually reproduces the system. A set of hands-on tasks for an introductory automation course have been proposed, so that students acquire a practical understanding of the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 and of its function in a real automation. This course has been taught in a master’s degree and students have assessed its usefulness by means of an anonymous survey. The results of the educational experience have been useful both from the students’ and faculty’s viewpoint.SIAgencia estatal de investigación MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033Comité español de Automática y Siemens a través del premio ‘Automatización y Digitalización. Industria 4.0

Estándares para e-Learning Adaptativo y Accesible

En la actualidad existe un gran número de estándares que tratan sobre la accesibilidad de los sistemas de e-Learning, desde diversos puntos de vista, como los modelos de usuario, los escenarios de aprendizaje, las preferencias de interacción, las capacidades de los dispositivos y metadatos para especificar cómo entregar cualquier recurso de acuerdo a las necesidades de los usuarios. También existen otros estándares relevantes en el campo de la accesibilidad y la usabilidad del software. Cada uno de estos estándares representa un punto de vista diferente con su propio conjunto de objetivos y alcance, lo que dificulta comprender las relaciones que existen entre todos ellos. Esté artículo presentará una recopilación actualizada de los principales estándares relacionados con la accesibilidad, usabilidad y adaptabilidad de los sistemas de e-learning en el contexto del proyecto de investigación A2UN@, que está centrado en atender las necesidades de accesibilidad y adaptación de todos, en la Educación Superior

Assessment of the Falkland Islands population of Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi.

Spanish vessels fish for the Argentine hake, Merluccius hubbsi both in Falkland Islands Conservation Zones and in high seas waters along the shelf edge to the north of the islands. Data are collected by the Falkland Islands Fisheries Department, Instituto Español de Oceanografía and Asociación Nacional de Armadores de Buques Congeladores de Pesca de Merluza. Data from these three sources were combined, with the aim of producing assessments of M. hubbsi. There was no relationship between abundance indices for Falkland Islands waters and high seas areas, suggesting little interaction between the populations in the two areas. Virtual population analysis suggested that the spawning stock biomass in Falklands waters declined from approximately 60,000 t in 1987 to about 15,000 t in the early 1990s but has since made a partial recovery to approximately 20,000 t. However, low recruitment levels are, apparently, impeding the recovery of the population. The abundance trend contrasts with a continued decline suggested by assessments of the population in Argentine waters, implying some independence of the adult populations in the two areas. Nonetheless, it is likely that recruitment to the population is affected by processes not explained by the available data

Different lesion distribution in calves orally or intratracheally challenged with Mycobacterium bovis: implications for diagnosis

[EN] Animal tuberculosis (TB) remains a major problem in some countries despite the existence of control programmes focused mainly on cattle. In this species, aerogenous transmission is accepted as the most frequent infection route, affecting mainly the respiratory system. Under the hypothesis that the oral route could be playing a more relevant role in transmission, diagnosis and disease persistence than previously thought, this study was performed to assess the course of TB infection in cattle and its effects on diagnosis depending on the route of entry of Mycobacterium bovis. Two groups of five calves each were either endotracheally (EC) or orally (OC) challenged. Necropsies were carried out 12 weeks after challenge except for three OC calves slaughtered 8 weeks later. All animals reacted to the tuberculin skin test and the entire EC group was positive to the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) 2 weeks after challenge and thereafter. The first positive IGRA results for OC calves (3/5) were recorded 4 weeks after challenge. Group comparison revealed significant differences in lesion and positive culture location and scoring. TB-compatible gross lesions and positive cultures were more frequently found in the thorax (p < 0.001) and lung (p < 0.05) of EC animals, whereas OC animals presented lesions (p = 0.23) and positive cultures (p < 0.05) mainly located in the abdomen. These results indicate that the infection route seems to be a determining factor for both the distribution and the time needed for the development of visible lesions. Our study suggests that confirmation of TB infection in some skin reactor animals can be problematic if current post-mortem examination and diagnostics are not improvedSIThis study was supported with funds from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Research Project AGL2014-56305-C3-3-R) and the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness of the Basque Government. MS holds a fellowship from the Department of Education of the Basque Government (PRE_2017_2_0043

Changes in severity, mortality, and virus genome among a Spanish cohort of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2

Comparing pandemic waves could aid in understanding the evolution of COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in different pandemic waves in terms of severity and mortality. We performed an observational retrospective cohort study of 5,220 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection from February to September 2020 in Aragon, Spain. We compared ICU admissions and 30-day mortality, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of the first and second waves of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 genome was also analyzed in 236 samples. Patients in the first wave (n¿=¿2,547) were older (median age 74 years [IQR 60–86] vs. 70 years [53–85]; p¿&lt;¿0.001) and had worse clinical and analytical parameters related to severe COVID-19 than patients in the second wave (n¿=¿2,673). The probability of ICU admission at 30 days was 16% and 10% (p¿&lt;¿0.001) and the cumulative 30-day mortality rates 38% and 32% in the first and second wave, respectively (p¿=¿0.007). Survival differences were observed among patients aged 60 to 80 years. We also found some variability among death risk factors and the viral genome between waves. Therefore, the two analyzed COVID-19 pandemic waves were different in terms of disease severity and mortality

Estándares para e-learning adaptativo y accesible

Currently there are many standards that deal with accessibility issues regarding users’ models, learning scenarios, interaction preferences, device capabilities, metadata for specifying the delivery of any resource to meet users’ needs, and software accessibility and usability. It is difficult to understand the existing relationships between these standards, as each one represents a different viewpoint and thus has its own sets of goals and scope. This article gives an overview on existing standards regarding accessibility, usability and adaptation issues in e-learning, and discusses their application to cope with the objectives of the A2UN@ project, which focuses on attending the accessibility and adaptation needs for all in Higher Education.En la actualidad existe un gran número de estándares que tratan sobre la accesibilidad de los sistemas de e-Learning, desde diversos puntos de vista, como los modelos de usuario, los escenarios de aprendizaje, las preferencias de interacción, las capacidades de los dispositivos y metadatos para especificar cómo entregar cualquier recurso de acuerdo a las necesidades de los usuarios. También existen otros estándares relevantes en el campo de la accesibilidad y la usabilidad del software. Cada uno de estos estándares representa un punto de vista diferente con su propio conjunto de objetivos y alcance, lo que dificulta comprender las relaciones que existen entre todos ellos. Este artículo presentará una recopilación actualizada de los principales estándares relacionados con la accesibilidad, usabilidad y adaptabilidad de los sistemas de e-Learning en el contexto del proyecto de investigación A2UN@, que está centrado en atender las necesidades de accesibilidad y adaptación de todos, en la Educación Superior

Overview of the Spanish fisheries in the Patagonian Shelf

The fishing grounds of the Patagonian Shelf support some of the most important fisheries in the world. The great abundance of marine resources among parallels 35º and 54º South, is associated with the Subtropical Convergence formed by the Brazil and Falkland/Malvinas currents. The mixing of the flow of La Plata River and the western branch of the Falkland/Malvinas Current generates areas of high plankton production on the shelf. Hakes (Merluccius hubbsi and Merluccius australis) and cephalopods (Illex argentinus and Loligo gahi) have been found the main commercial species, with important amounts of accompanying species in the catches such as Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), Kingclip (Genypterus blacodes), Hoki (Macruronus magellanicus), Red cod (Salilota australis), Southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis), etc. These fisheries are currently among the most important to the Spanish bottom trawler freezing fleet that has around 40 vessels fishing in this area, besides another 20 that operate in joint ventures sailing Falkland flag. It is estimated that this fleet generates approximately 2,000 direct offshore jobs, and more than 10,000 indirect onshore jobs. This paper presents results from the EC Study Project 99/016 “Data collection for stock assessment of two hakes (Merluccius hubbsi and M. australis) in international and Falkland waters of the SW Atlantic”. Historical fishery and biological data series available from the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) and the Falkland Islands Fishery Department (FIFD) were used during the project to describe fishing patterns and spatio-temporal changes in the abundance and distribution of target and accompanying species, as well as to give an overview of these important fisheries

Orientaciones para la redición de cuentas en materia de cooperación internacional para el desarrollo para entidades locales de la Comunitat Valenciana

El documento consiste en una guia con orientaciones para favorecer la rendición de cuentas en materia de cooperación para el desarrollo para entidades sociales e instituciones en la Comunitat Valenciana