Técnicas no destructivas aplicadas a la conservación de pinturas murales: la colorimetría. Recursos didácticos y patrones de estudio (2018)

Diseño de modelos de aprendizaje en el campo del diagnóstico de obras de arte con métodos no invasivos: aplicación de la colorimetría en el análisis del estado de conservación de pinturas murales y otros paramentos arquitectónicos

Estimación de tasas de capitalización de rentas de vivienda urbana estrato 3 sometidas al régimen de propiedad horizontal en Bogotá mediante modelos econométricos

There is currently no reliable methodology to estimate the income capitalization rate of the home when there is no solid information on the market. For this reason, this paper intends to make a design methodology that facilitates analysis of appraisals with a model to obtain the income capitalization rate in areas where the offer or transaction information is very limited or do not have it or complement similar studies allow for the calculation of rent.En la actualidad no se cuenta con una metodología confiable que permita estimar la tasa de capitalización de renta de la vivienda cuando no se tiene información sólida del mercado. Por tal razón, este trabajo se propone hacer un diseño metodológico que facilite realizar análisis valuatorios a partir de un modelo que permita obtener la tasa de capitalización de renta en zonas donde la información de ofertas o transacciones es muy limitada o no se cuenta con ella, o que admita complementar con estudios similares para el cálculo del canon de arrendamiento

Relación de orden en los números racionales

En este documento, presentamos la unidad didáctica “relación de orden en los números racionales” desarrollada por el grupo 7 de MAD 7. Para la selección del tema de la unidad didáctica, analizamos el contexto escolar y encontramos que, en el año 2015, los resultados de la institución en el índice sintético de calidad en el componente progreso presentaron un mayor porcentaje en los niveles mínimo e insuficiente. En el año 2016 de nuevo, estos resultados presentaron un descenso en los componentes de desempeño y progreso. También encontramos que, en los últimos años, los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas estandarizadas nacionales han sido bajos, en especial en el pensamiento numérico/variacional y por esta razón buscamos privilegiar este pensamiento matemático, para tener mayor comprensión del uso y de los significados de los números racionales, del sentido y significado de las relaciones entre estos números. El tema de la unidad didáctica favorece la comprensión de la relación de orden en los números racionales en contextos significativos, la cuantificación numérica, la comparación de cantidades y medidas de longitud. Sugerimos este tema porque en la vida real, se nos presentan algunas situaciones cotidianas (como comparar, repartir, partir y medir longitudes y áreas) que, para su solución, se requiere tener presente el tema de la relación de orden en los números racionales

Dual-Polarization Interferometry: A Novel Technique To Light up the Nanomolecular World

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Chemical Reviews, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cr5002063.[EN] The challenging lecture given in 1959 by physicist and Nobel Prize awarded R. P. Feynman: “There's plenty of room at the bottom” is considered to be the starting point for nanotechnology. With this peculiar title, Feynman encouraged researchers to explore beyond the atomic level and predicted exciting new phenomena that might revolutionize science and technology. Among these pioneering researchers are Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner, who have been awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 for developing the super-resolved fluorescence microscopy. However, it is important to remark that the exploration of this amazing nanomolecular world began in the early 1980s with the invention of the scanning tunneling1 and the atomic force microscopes2 (Figure 1). Figure 1. Measurement scales. The study and manipulation of interactions of nanometric dimensions could begin as soon as measuring tools became more efficient. The last decades have witnessed the development of techniques able to obtain information at the sub-molecular level, and their applications especially on the biomedical field. As an example, the stimulating labor of studying the role of conformational dynamics in reaction mechanisms has resulted in Nanometers 10-1 10 102 103 1 104 105 106 107 108 DPI WORLD Atom IgG Erythrocyte Grain of salt Tennis ball Glucose Virus Amoeba Plea numerous advances in life sciences.3 In this regard, the precise knowledge about molecular interactions and their effects on protein function has greatly aided the discovery of new targets in medical chemistry. Figure 2. General scheme of different DPI applications. The role of the structure in the protein behavior is a fundamental step in the utilization, characterization and understanding of numerous biological processes. Consequently, highly advanced functional and structural measurement tools have been developed over the last decadess.4 Particularly, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography and neutron reflectivity (NR) provide structural measurements, whereas tools such as microcalorimetry or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) provide functional data. Furthermore, the more recent approach based on Dual Polarization Interferometry (DPI), is allowing the molecular interactions to be quantitatively measured at nanometric dimensions. DPI is currently one of the most powerful label-free biosensing techniques in heterogeneous format to record real-time data of conformational dynamics, which is efficiently employed in different applications, such as bionanotechnology, surface science, Biotechnology Drug Discovery Lipid Studies Crystallography Surface Science DPI and crystallography or drug discovery (Figure 2). Their measurements can provide information about the connection between the biomolecule function and its structural changes. This technique is, to our knowledge, the most well-built and well-thought through such waveguide sensor. It has its weaknesses, e.g. the necessity of using a relatively long sensor element, but the information it delivers is the interaction of two polarization modes of the propagating light with a molecular film at the top of the waveguide with which it interacts through the evanescent field. It is well known that the use of an interferometric readout and a long waveguide makes the measurements very stable and more accurate than those of the competitor techniques. Accordingly, DPI can be described as a molecular ruler whose quantitative values can be correlated directly with those from other usual techniques, such as NMR, X-ray crystallography and NR, providing higher sensitivity and accuracy than the classical acoustic and optical biosensors. In 1996, Dr Neville Freeman conceived of the idea behind DPI as a robust and reproducible biosensing technology and, together with Dr Graham Cross, developed the concept and filed the original patent.5,6 This novel technique has gained popularity among the scientific community in the last decade and the number of publications dealing with this technique has increased considerably since the initial report in 2003.7 In this review, DPI is compared with other techniques, and its theoretical basis and applications are outlined. The fundamentals are specified together with strategies for chip functionalization and applications of the aforementioned technology in a wide variety of research areas. All this gives a unique chance to learn from this sensing technique, which may be an essential reference to facilitate the work of future users.We thank Dr. Marcus Swann and Dr. Sergi Morals, with whom we have had many helpful discussions about DPI sensing and interferometry in general. We acknowledge financial support from the Generalitat Valenciana (GVA-PROMETEO/2010/008) as well as the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund under award numbers CTQ2013-45875-R and CTQ2013-42914-R.Escorihuela Fuentes, J.; González Martínez, MÁ.; López-Paz, JL.; Puchades, R.; Maquieira Catala, Á.; Giménez Romero, D. (2015). Dual-Polarization Interferometry: A Novel Technique To Light up the Nanomolecular World. Chemical Reviews. 115(1):265-294. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5002063265294115

Pseudomonas sp. EN AVES MIGRATORIAS Y RESIDENTES (CHARADRIIFORMES) EN EL ESTADO SUCRE, VENEZUELA

Describir la flora bacteriana de animales aparentemente sanos es un paso esencial para entender la epidemiología de las enfermedades que pueden afectar a poblaciones naturales. En el caso de aves, la interpretación de esta información se complica con un factor adicional representado por las numerosas especies de aves migratorias que pueden cubrir extensas áreas geográficas. Conocer la existencia de microorganismos con potencial zoonótico entre animales silvestres tiene además un significado importante en la salud pública. Las aves se capturarán mediante redes de niebla, el cultivo, aislamiento e identificación se realizará usando técnicas microbiológicas de uso común en el laboratorio. Se analizaron 40 muestras de heces provenientes de 5 especies de aves del orden Charadriiformes, 4 migratorias: Tringa melanoleuca (n=6), Tringa flavipes (n=6), Actitis macularia (n=6), Calidris pusilla (n=6) y una residente: Charadrius wilsonia (n=16). Se procedió a identificar presencia de Bacilos Gram negativos con reacción positiva a la prueba de la oxidasa y preclasificados como no fermentadores de la glucosa sobre la base de metabolismo en agar TSI. Se aislaron 161 cepas, de las cuales el 31% (n=50) pertenecen a la familia Pseudomonadaceae, se identifi caron: Pseudomonas aeruginosa con una prevalencia del 72% (n = 36) y Pseudomonas fluorescens con 28% (n = 14). Se demuestra la importancia de la identificación de estos microorganismos ya que han establecido un reservorio en este grupo de aves, las cuales pueden servir a la vez como agentes de dispersión de enfermedades. PALABRAS CLAVE: Charadriiformes, bacilos Gram negativos, Pseudomonas sp. ABSTRACT The description of bacterial flora of seemingly healthy animals is an essential step to understand the epidemiology of the illnesses that can affect natural populations. In the case of birds, the interpretation of this information is complex with the additional factor of numerous migratory species that can include extensive geographical areas. The presence of microorganisms with zoonotic potential among wild animals has an important meaning for public health. Birds were captured using fog-nets; the cultivation, isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out using microbiological techniques of common use in the laboratory. Forty fecal samples obtained from 5 bird species from the order Charadriiformes, 4 migratory: Tringa melanoleuca (n=6), Tringa fl avipes (n=6), Actitis macularia (n=6), Calidris pusilla (n=6) and one resident: Charadrius wilsonia (n=16). The bacteria were classified according to the Gram staining technique, shape oxidase test and glucose metabolism in TSI agar. A total of 161 strains were isolated, of which 31% (n=50) belong to the family Pseudomonadaceae. Two species were identified: Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a prevalence of 72% (n = 36) and Pseudomonas fluorescens with 28% (n = 14). The importance of the identification of these microorganisms is demonstrated since this group of birds constitutes a reservoir of these bacteria which can cause infection in humans, serving, at the same time, as dispersion agents of disease. KEY WORDS: Charadriiformes, Gram negative rods, Pseudomonas sp

Determinación del perfil de humedad del suelo utilizando una sola sonda TDR: el método del nomograma

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el método del “nomograma” para la medida por reflectometría de dominio temporal (TDR) del perfil de constante dieléctrica (K) del suelo, y, por tanto, del perfil del contenido de humedad volumétrico (θ), utilizando una única sonda TDR. El método está,basado en un nuevo análisis gráfico de la onda TDR en medios no conductivos. Este análisis consiste en representar la función ρ(t), que define la relación entre K, el coeficiente de reflexión (ρ) y el tiempo de transmisión (t), para una longitud de sonda l = 10 cm frente a la onda TDR de una sonda de longitud L= nl. La intersección entre ambas curvas define el tiempo t1l que, a su vez, sirve de punto de referencia para la representación de una segunda función ρ(t) que corta la onda TDR en t2l y así sucesivamente. Las funciones ρ(t) que cortan a la onda TDR en los puntos t1l, t2l,......y tnl permiten determinar el perfil de K para las longitudes 1l, 2l,....y nl. Este método fue validado utilizando una única sonda TDR de 3 electrodos y 60 cm de longitud insertada verticalmente en una columna de arena de 75 cm de altura. Simultáneamente, y durante un ciclo de humectación-desecación, se efectuaron,mediante el método clásico de la doble reflexión (método de las tangentes), 86 medidas de K hasta 10, 20, 40 y 60 cm de profundidad utilizando sondas TDR verticales de 10, 20, 40 y 60 cm de longitud. La correlación entre los valores de K obtenidos por el método las tangentes y los obtenidos con el nuevo procedimiento aplicado a la sonda de 60 cm de longitud fue altamente satisfactoria (R2 = 0.992). Asimismo, se observó una excelente relación entre los perfiles de θ determinados con el nuevo procedimiento y los obtenidos utilizando cuatro sondas TDR de tres electrodos y 10 cm de longitud insertadas horizontalmente en la columna de arena a 10, 20, 30 y 50 cm de profundidad.[EN] This work is aimed at presenting the “nomograph” method, a graphical interpretation of the TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) waveform for determining the variation of the apparent dielectric constant (K) along a single TDR probe in non-conducting media and its application for profiling the volumetric moisture content (θ) in soils. The method is based on the relationship between K, the reflection coefficient (ρ) and the travel time (t) of the TDR signal along a transmission line. A ρ(t) function is initially defined for a length l of 10 cm and plotted together with the TDR waveform for a three-rod probe of length L (L= nl). The interception point of both lines defines t1l as the reference time to build a second ρ(t) line that intercepts the waveform at time t2l. By repeating this process iteratively, a series of ρ(t) lines intercepting the TDR trace at times t3l, t4l,....and tnl is obtained, making it possible to calculate K for apparent probe lengths equal to l, 2l, 3l.....and nl. The method was tested for a 60-cm long TDR probe inserted in a sand column 75 cm high. A total of 86 values of K were measured during a wetting and draining cycle of the sand column with vertical 10-, 20-, 40- and 60-cm long coated TDR probes using the standard double reflection waveform analysis. A satisfactory relationship (R2 = 0.992) was found between these K values and those obtained for the same depths by the proposed method applied to the 60-cm long probe. Furthermore, an excellent match was found between the θ profiles measured in the sand column applying the new approach to the 60-cm long probe and the θ profiles measured with horizontal probes placed at 10, 20, 30 and 50 cm depth.Peer reviewe

Soil Aggregation and Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization: Effects of Management in Semiarid Mediterranean Agroecosystems

In semiarid agroecosystems of the Ebro valley (NE Spain) soils are characterized by low soil organic matter (SOM) and a weak structure. In this study we investigated the individual and combined effect of tillage system (no-tillage, NT; reduced tillage, RT; conventional tillage, CT) and cropping system (barley–fallow rotation at the Peñaflor site, PN-BF and continuous barley at the Peñaflor site, PN-BB) on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage as well as the physical protection of SOM fractions by soil aggregates in three long-term experimental sites. In both cropping systems, total SOC content was more than 30% higher in NT compared with CT in the 0- to 5-cm depth. The suppression of fallowing in the PN-BB cropping system led to a greater SOC stabilization only in NT. In all the three sites, greater proportion of water-stable macroaggregates (>250 µm) was found under NT than under CT in the 0- to 5-cm depth. Macroaggregate organic C concentration (250–2000 µm) was greater in NT compared with CT in the BB cropping system, but did not differ with tillage treatment in the PN-BF rotation. Greater proportion of microaggregates within macroaggregates in NT compared with CT was only found in the Agramunt site (AG). However, greater C stabilized inside these microaggregates was observed in AG, Selvanera site (SV), and PN-BB in the 0- to 5-cm depth. The results of this study demonstrate that in the semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems of the Ebro valley, the adoption of NT together with the suppression of long-fallowing period can significantly increase the amount of SOC stabilized in the soil surface and improve soil structure and aggregation.This research was supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain (Grants AGL2001-2238-CO2-01, AGL 2004-07763-C02-02 and AGL2007-66320-CO2-02/AGR) and the European Union (FEDER funds).Peer reviewe

Efectos de un plan de entrenamiento de ocho semanas en la capacidad de autovalencia en adultos mayores

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Enseñanza Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Tanto en Chile como en el mundo entero la población de adultos mayores va aumentando de manera exponencial y el paso del tiempo trae consigo de manera indeclinable e indefectible la aparición de ciertas enfermedades por el respectivo deterioro generalizado en las funciones orgánicas; además existen ciertos factores que determinan el ritmo de envejecimiento como los de carácter genético, metabólico, hormonal, ambiental y por supuesto el estilo de vida que lleva la persona. Un estilo de vida sedentario repercute de manera negativa en el adulto mayor, acelerando su proceso de envejecimiento y trascendiendo invariablemente en su nivel de autovalencia, es ahí donde yace el foco principal de este estudio, ya que se pretende determinar los efectos de un plan de entrenamiento de ocho semanas de duración en la capacidad de auto valencia en adultos mayores, mediante la aplicación de los exámenes de medicina preventiva del adulto mayor (EMPAM); teniendo como base que el ejercicio físico constituye el medio más seguro para mantener la autonomía, asegurar las capacidades motrices y cognitivas, además de potenciar la sociabilidad y educar sobre el uso del tiempo libre, evitando el sedentarism

MELD 3.0 adequately predicts mortality and renal replacement therapy requirements in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis; Cirrhosis; Outcome predictionHepatitis alcohòlica; Cirrosi; Predicció de resultatsHepatitis alcohólica; Cirrosis; Predicción de resultadosBackground & aims: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score better predicts mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) but could underestimate severity in women and malnourished patients. Using a global cohort, we assessed the ability of the MELD 3.0 score to predict short-term mortality in AH. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to hospital with AH from 2009 to 2019. The main outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. We compared the AUC using DeLong's method and also performed a time-dependent AUC with competing risks analysis. Results: A total of 2,124 patients were included from 28 centres from 10 countries on three continents (median age 47.2 ± 11.2 years, 29.9% women, 71.3% with underlying cirrhosis). The median MELD 3.0 score at admission was 25 (20-33), with an estimated survival of 73.7% at 30 days. The MELD 3.0 score had a better performance in predicting 30-day mortality (AUC:0.761, 95%CI:0.732-0.791) compared with MELD sodium (MELD-Na; AUC: 0.744, 95% CI: 0.713-0.775; p = 0.042) and Maddrey's discriminant function (mDF) (AUC: 0.724, 95% CI: 0.691-0.757; p = 0.013). However, MELD 3.0 did not perform better than traditional MELD (AUC: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.723-0.783; p = 0.300) and Age-Bilirubin-International Normalised Ratio-Creatinine (ABIC) (AUC:0.757, 95% CI: 0.727-0.788; p = 0.765). These results were consistent in competing-risk analysis, where MELD 3.0 (AUC: 0.757, 95% CI: 0.724-0.790) predicted better 30-day mortality compared with MELD-Na (AUC: 0.739, 95% CI: 0.708-0.770; p = 0.028) and mDF (AUC:0.717, 95% CI: 0.687-0.748; p = 0.042). The MELD 3.0 score was significantly better in predicting renal replacement therapy requirements during admission compared with the other scores (AUC: 0.844, 95% CI: 0.805-0.883). Conclusions: MELD 3.0 demonstrated better performance compared with MELD-Na and mDF in predicting 30-day and 90-day mortality, and was the best predictor of renal replacement therapy requirements during admission for AH. However, further prospective studies are needed to validate its extensive use in AH. Impact and implications: Severe AH has high short-term mortality. The establishment of treatments and liver transplantation depends on mortality prediction. We evaluated the performance of the new MELD 3.0 score to predict short-term mortality in AH in a large global cohort. MELD 3.0 performed better in predicting 30- and 90-day mortality compared with MELD-Na and mDF, but was similar to MELD and ABIC scores. MELD 3.0 was the best predictor of renal replacement therapy requirements. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to support the wide use of MELD 3.0 in AH.JPA and MA receive support from the Chilean Government through the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT 1200227 to JPA and 1191145 to MA). RB is a recipient of NIAAA U01AA021908 and U01AA020821