La arquitectura de los primeros garajes de Valencia

El desarrollo y la expansión del automóvil a principios de siglo XX originó la necesidad de lugares de guarda y custodia: los garajes, que, además, servían como talleres, lavaderos, venta de accesorios y gasolina, y, en ocasiones, funcionaron también como agencias de exposición y venta de vehículos. Las construcciones destinadas a garaje se diseñaban con un programa de necesidades bien definido y con una estética acorde a los edificios de tendencias eclécticas, modernistas y post-modernistas de la época. En este trabajo se aborda el nacimiento de estas instalaciones en la ciudad de Valencia, hasta finales de los años veinte, y se muestra la evolución en el emplazamiento, la distribución y la arquitectura

The architecture of the first garages of Valencia

[ES] El desarrollo y la expansión del automóvil a principios de siglo XX originó la necesidad de lugares de guarda y custodia: los garajes, que, además, servían como talleres, lavaderos, venta de accesorios y gasolina, y, en ocasiones, funcionaron también como agencias de exposición y venta de vehículos. Las construcciones destinadas a garaje se diseñaban con un programa de necesidades bien definido y con una estética acorde a los edificios de tendencias eclécticas, modernistas y post-modernistas de la época. En este trabajo se aborda el nacimiento de estas instalaciones en la ciudad de Valencia, hasta finales de los años veinte, y se muestra la evolución en el emplazamiento, la distribución y la arquitectura.[EN] The development and expansion of the automobile in the early 20th century resulted in the need for the places of custody: garages, which also served as workshops, laundry, accessory and gasoline sales, and sometimes as agencies of exhibition and sale of vehicles. The buildings were designed garage aimed at a well-defined program needs and aesthetic buildings according to the eclectic tendencies, modernist and post-modernist era. This paper deals with the birth of these facilities in the city of Valencia, to the late twenties, and shows the evolution in the location, distribution and architecture.Fuentes Bargues, JL. (2014). La arquitectura de los primeros garajes de Valencia. Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales. 18(466):1-21. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/61822S1211846

Analysis of the Scoring Formula of Economic Criteria in Public Works Procurement

[EN] Public works procurement regulates two award procedures from within the same criteria: either the price or a variety of different conditions. Although the question of price may not seem the most important factor to be considered, it is imperative to always be aware of it when bearing in mind the award criteria. Economic scoring formulae (ESF) are numerous and each agency has the authority to determine which will be used for each of their bids, making this article a comparative analysis of all the options. The results show that most formulas give the highest score to the most economic bidder, it is necessary to eliminate the use of formulas that give the highest score to the offers which are closest to the average of all bids submitted. One should always opt for formulas with moderate or strong scoring gradients across various stages or phases, thereby giving more weight to economic analysis, as set out in the various administrative clauses.Fuentes Bargues, JL.; González-Gaya, C. (2013). Analysis of the Scoring Formula of Economic Criteria in Public Works Procurement. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 1(1):1-12. doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.11S1121

Analysis of the Impact of Different Variables on the Energy Demand in Office Buildings

[EN] The design of near zero energy offices is a priority, which involves looking to achieve designs which minimise energy consumption and balance energy requirements with an increase in the installation and consumption of renewable energy. In light of this, some authors have used computer software to achieve simulations of the energy behaviour of buildings. Other studies based on regulatory systems which classify and label energy use also generally make their assessments through the use of software. In Spain, there is an authorised procedure for certifying the energy performance of buildings, and software (LIDER-CALENER unified tool) which is used to demonstrate compliance of the performance of buildings both from the point of view of energy demand and energy consumption. The aim of this study is to analyse the energy behaviour of an office building and the variability of the same using the software in terms of the following variables: climate zone, building orientation and certain surrounding wall types and encasements typical of this type of construction.Fuentes Bargues, JL.; Vivancos, J.; Ferrer-Gisbert, P.; Gimeno-Guillem, MÁ. (2020). Analysis of the Impact of Different Variables on the Energy Demand in Office Buildings. Sustainability. 12(13):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135347S1231213Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., & Pout, C. (2008). A review on buildings energy consumption information. Energy and Buildings, 40(3), 394-398. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.03.007https://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiD95W5-qrqAhVP62EKHaYLCFAQFjADegQIARAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenergy%2Fsites%2Fener%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F2012_energy_roadmap_2050_en_0.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3tfjm-IvZt9fXrnZuvpohwEuropean Comission Climate Strategies & Targets https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2030_enEuropean Comission Climate Negotations https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations/paris_en2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 Amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the Energy Performance of Buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on Energy Efficiency https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018L0844&from=ENKurnitski, J., Saari, A., Kalamees, T., Vuolle, M., Niemelä, J., & Tark, T. (2011). Cost optimal and nearly zero (nZEB) energy performance calculations for residential buildings with REHVA definition for nZEB national implementation. Energy and Buildings, 43(11), 3279-3288. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.033Aparicio Ruiz, P., Guadix Martín, J., Salmerón Lissén, J. M., & Sánchez de la Flor, F. J. (2014). An integrated optimisation method for residential building design: A case study in Spain. Energy and Buildings, 80, 158-168. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.05.020Tourism and Digital Agenda Plan Nacional de Acción de Eficiencia Energética 2017–2020 https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/es_neeap_2017_es.pdfGuía de Ahorro y Eficiencia Energética en Oficinas http://www.officinaseficientes.es/docs/guia_OFF.pdfCrawley, D. B., Hand, J. W., Kummert, M., & Griffith, B. T. (2008). Contrasting the capabilities of building energy performance simulation programs. Building and Environment, 43(4), 661-673. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.10.027Pérez-Andreu, V., Aparicio-Fernández, C., Martínez-Ibernón, A., & Vivancos, J.-L. (2018). Impact of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand in a residential building in a Mediterranean climate. Energy, 165, 63-74. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.015Herrando, M., Cambra, D., Navarro, M., de la Cruz, L., Millán, G., & Zabalza, I. (2016). Energy Performance Certification of Faculty Buildings in Spain: The gap between estimated and real energy consumption. Energy Conversion and Management, 125, 141-153. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.037Sinacka, J., & Ratajczak, K. (2018). Analysis of selected input data impact on energy demand in office building - case study. MATEC Web of Conferences, 222, 01015. doi:10.1051/matecconf/201822201015Mikulik, J. (2018). Energy Demand Patterns in an Office Building: A Case Study in Kraków (Southern Poland). Sustainability, 10(8), 2901. doi:10.3390/su10082901Aparicio Ruiz, P., Sánchez de la Flor, F. J., Molina Felix, J. L., Salmerón Lissén, J., & Guadix Martín, J. (2016). Applying the HVAC systems in an integrated optimization method for residential building’s design. A case study in Spain. Energy and Buildings, 119, 74-84. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.03.023Royal Decree 235/2013, of 5th April, Agreeing to the Procedure Basic for the Certification of the Energy Efficiency of Buildings https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2013/BOE-A-2013-3904-consolidado.pdfUnified Tool LIDER-CALENER (HULC-Tool) https://veredes.es/blog/en/herramienta-unificada-lider-calener-hulc/Rosselló-Batle, B., Ribas, C., Moià-Pol, A., & Martínez-Moll, V. (2015). An assessment of the relationship between embodied and thermal energy demands in dwellings in a Mediterranean climate. Energy and Buildings, 109, 230-244. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.10.007Sánchez Ramos, J., Guerrero Delgado, Mc., Álvarez Domínguez, S., Molina Félix, J. L., Sánchez de la Flor, F. J., & Tenorio Ríos, J. A. (2019). Systematic Simplified Simulation Methodology for Deep Energy Retrofitting Towards Nze Targets Using Life Cycle Energy Assessment. Energies, 12(16), 3038. doi:10.3390/en12163038Catalogue of Constructive Elements of the TBC 2011 https://itec.cat/cec/Construction Technology of Catalonia (Instituto de Tecnología de la Construcción: ITec) https://en.itec.cat/Ministry of Development Support Document of the DB HE1 for the calculation of Characteristic Parameters of the Building Envelope (DA DB-HE/1) 2015 https://www.codigotecnico.org/images/stories/pdf/ahorroEnergia/DA_DB-HE-1_Calculo_de_parametros_caracteristicos_de_la_envolvente.pdfCondiciones de Aceptación de Procedimientos Alternativos a LIDER y CALENER https://www.idae.es/publicaciones/condiciones-de-aceptacion-de-procedimientos-alternativos-lider-y-calenerDesign Builder Software, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004 Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests 2006 http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/documents/ANSI_ASHRAE.pdfDatabase 2019 https://www.five.es/productos/herramientas-on-line/visualizador-2019/Haase, M., Marques da Silva, F., & Amato, A. (2009). Simulation of ventilated facades in hot and humid climates. Energy and Buildings, 41(4), 361-373. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.11.008Lau, A. K. K., Salleh, E., Lim, C. H., & Sulaiman, M. Y. (2016). Potential of shading devices and glazing configurations on cooling energy savings for high-rise office buildings in hot-humid climates: The case of Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5(2), 387-399. doi:10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.04.004Al-ajmi Farraj F., & Hanby, V. I. (2008). Simulation of energy consumption for Kuwaiti domestic buildings. Energy and Buildings, 40(6), 1101-1109. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.10.010Raheem, A. A., Issa, R. R., & Olbina, S. (2013). Solar transmittance analysis of different types of sunshades in the Florida climate. Building Simulation, 7(1), 3-11. doi:10.1007/s12273-013-0137-4Valladares-Rendón, L. G., & Lo, S.-L. (2014). Passive shading strategies to reduce outdoor insolation and indoor cooling loads by using overhang devices on a building. Building Simulation, 7(6), 671-681. doi:10.1007/s12273-014-0182-7Huang, Y., Niu, J., & Chung, T. (2014). Comprehensive analysis on thermal and daylighting performance of glazing and shading designs on office building envelope in cooling-dominant climates. Applied Energy, 134, 215-228. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.100Ng, P. K., Mithraratne, N., & Kua, H. W. (2013). Energy analysis of semi-transparent BIPV in Singapore buildings. Energy and Buildings, 66, 274-281. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.029Ihara, T., Gao, T., Grynning, S., Jelle, B. P., & Gustavsen, A. (2015). Aerogel granulate glazing facades and their application potential from an energy saving perspective. Applied Energy, 142, 179-191. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.05

Abnormally Low Tenders in Non-pricing Criteria: the Need for Control

[EN] As public procurement accounts for approximately 10 to 15% of gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries, tendering mechanisms should be clearly defined in order to avoid any actions that could endanger the basic principle that all bidders should be on equal terms. An Abnormally Low Tender (ALT) is defined as an offer too low to provide a normal level of profit and that cannot be explained on the basis of construction methods, the technical solution chosen, the originality of the work, or the favorable conditions of the tenderer. Public bodies are well aware of the risk of accepting an offer that cannot be carried out and despite the difficulty of detection recommendations for their prevention usually focus on the price criterion. Most tenders are awarded to the economically most advantageous tender (EMAT), which is assessed by various criteria (including price), though other criteria often have equal or greater weight in the final decision. The method used in this research study is divided into two main phases. First, the score of the bidders is obtained for criteria evaluated by formulae other than price, based on the contract terms of three case studies, after which new scores for these award criteria are obtained from ALT formulae, then, the results of both scoring methods are analyzed. This paper defends the need to control abnormally low tenders by means of award criteria evaluated by formulae other than those of price.Fuentes Bargues, JL.; González-Cruz, M.; González-Gaya, C. (2016). Abnormally Low Tenders in Non-pricing Criteria: the Need for Control. Universal Journal of Management. 4(12):659-669. doi:10.13189/ujm.2016.041202S65966941

Approach and Success in the Management of Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs): Application to Two Case Studies, The UNMISS and MONUSCO Missions of the UN

[EN] A Peacekeeping Operation (PKO) of the United Nations (UN) is a complex project whose objective is determined by the mandate, and which seeks to eliminate violence, achieve peace, and consolidate the future of society in conflict zones. For a PKO is important to assess the success or failure of the mission because might have implications for the outcomes of future missions. In this paper, it is proposed a methodology that combines two available tools, on the one hand the tool of PMI to determine the most appropriate approach to manage a PKO and on the other hand the NUPI tool, to measure the success of a PKO. The methodology is applied to two studies cases of fourth generation PKOs, the UNMISS PKO in South Sudan and the MONUSCO mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo. From the results obtained an adaptive approach enjoys a greater guarantee of success than does a predefined approach.This research was funded by the ETSII-Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED) of Spain.Álvarez-Espada, JM.; Fuentes Bargues, JL.; González-Gaya, C. (2022). Approach and Success in the Management of Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs): Application to Two Case Studies, The UNMISS and MONUSCO Missions of the UN. Sustainability. 14(10):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106097115141

Introductory Chapter: The Need to Change the Paradigm - Sustainability and Development at the 21st Century

Since the second half of the twentieth century, the big processes of globalization of the economy, coupled with the development of new technologies and the increase of the population, have led to the emergence of major environmental problems whose importance transcends beyond the limits of the countries, in a manner that we could say that they are global impacts. These problems include, among others, the ozone layer depletion, the climate change due to the greenhouse gas emission, or the depletion of natural resources. Industry, as well as modern societies, must face this challenge, changing their consumption patterns, increasing product life, banishing the concept of "use and throw away," and changing from the traditional productive systems to a more sustainable ones

Multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives for the installation of SHW and air conditioning of a health centre in Valencia

[EN] The objective of the following communication is to carry out a technical-economic feasibility study of the installation of Sanitary Hot Water (SHW) and Air Conditioning of a 600 m² Health Centre located in the town of Valencia. Once the different alternatives have been considered, they will be selected and prioritised using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. For that, a serie of criteria that affect the final decision making will be proposed, such as investment cost, operating cost, installation difficulty, maintenance difficulty and environmental pollution. The different alternatives will be evaluated and the results obtained will be assessed by a sensitivity analysis using the Superdecisions program to verify the robustness of the selection and prioritization of the alternatives.[ES] El objetivo de la siguiente comunicación es la realización de un estudio de viabilidad técnico-económica de la instalación de Agua Caliente Sanitaria (ACS) y Climatización de un Centro de Salud de 600 m² de superficie situado en la localidad de Valencia. Una vez planteadas las diferentes alternativas se procederá a la selección y priorización de las mismas mediante la técnica Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Para ello, serán propuestos una serie de criterios que afectan a la toma de la decisión final, como son el coste de inversión, el coste de explotación, la dificultad de instalación, la dificultad de mantenimiento y la contaminación del medio ambiente. Se evaluarán las diferentes alternativas y con los resultados obtenidos se realizará un análisis de sensibilidad mediante el programa Superdecisions para verificar la robustez de la selección y priorización de las alternativas.Fuentes Bargues, JL.; Aragonés-Beltrán, P.; Espinosa García, A.; Vivancos, J. (2020). Análisis multicriterio de alternativas de instalación de ACS y Climatización en un Centro de Salud en Valencia. Asociación Española de Dirección e Ingeniería de Proyectos (AIEPRO). 1476-1488. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/179846S1476148

A study of situational circumstances related to Spain’s occupational accident rates in the metal sector from 2009 to 2019

Producción CientíficaThe metal sector encompasses a variety of economic activities, such as metallurgy and the manufacturing of metallic elements. These activities represent great diversity in production processes. Worker-related characteristics are particularly important in these processes and the accident rate. In view of the metal sector’s importance and that the latest annual report (2019) reveals the sector to be among the ten sectors with Spain’s highest accident rates, the purpose of this study is to explore the evolution of work accidents in the metal-mechanical sector in Spain for the period of 2009–2019 and to analyse the relationship between the associated variables. Data for this study come from occupational accident reports, which are required to be sent to the relevant administrative bodies using the Spanish Delt@ (electronic declaration of injured workers) computer system. The study variables were selected from the official occupational accident data and classified into four groups: personal, business, material, and time period. The relationships between severity and other variables were explored via contingency tables in which the chi-squared value (χ2) was calculated. This study shows a slight improvement in the accident rate over the last decade, but a high percentage of serious and fatal accidents in the Spanish industrial sector remains. The Monday effect, meal breaks, and being near retirement age are the most important factors influencing the number of serious accidents in this sector.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (project DPI2016-79824-R