Theory of Self- vs. Externally-Regulated LearningTM: Fundamentals, Evidence, and Applicability

The Theory of Self- vs. Externally-Regulated LearningTM has integrated the variables of SRL theory, the DEDEPRO model, and the 3P model. This new Theory has proposed: (a) in general, the importance of the cyclical model of individual self-regulation (SR) and of external regulation stemming from the context (ER), as two different and complementary variables, both in combination and in interaction; (b) specifically, in the teaching-learning context, the relevance of different types of combinations between levels of self-regulation (SR) and of external regulation (ER) in the prediction of self-regulated learning (SRL), and of cognitive-emotional achievement. This review analyzes the assumptions, conceptual elements, empirical evidence, benefits and limitations of SRL vs. ERL Theory. Finally, professional fields of application and future lines of research are suggested

Estudio de las dificultades de atención asociadas a las estrategias de autorregulación en alumnos de secundaria

[Resumen] Desde la conceptuación realizada por Liebert y Morris (1967) de la ansiedad ante la evaluación, se ha generado una importante cantidad de estudios. Los esfuerzos investigadores se han dirigido principalmente a determinar la influencia de la ansiedad ante la evaluación y sus componentes (preocupación y emIocionalidad) en la ejecución de diversas tareas y al conocimiento de los procesos cognitivos mediadores. El presente estudio pretende constatar la existencia de los efectos causales producidos por la ansiedad ante la evaluación y sus componentes en la ejecución de una tarea de atención. Al mismo tiempo, nos interesamos por la naturaleza de las estrategias cognitivas de autorregulación (facilitadoras vs. interferentes) generadas por los estudiantes durante la ejecución de dicha tarea. Los resultados demostraron la existencia de diferencias significativas en atención entre sujetos altos y bajos en preocupación. En relación con el componente enl0cional las diferencias no resultaron significativas. También aparecieron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la naturaleza de las estrategias cognitivas de autorregulación utilizadas por los sujetos. Del mismo modo, se observaron patrones de pensamiento diferentes entre alumnos de alto y bajo rendimiento en atención, produciendo los primeros lnás pensamientos de interferencia que los segundos. Por último, se constató que la preocupación frente a lo emocional, genera una mayor cantidad de estrategias que interfieren.[Abstract] Since the conceptualization realized by Liebert and Morris (1967) about the anxiety test (in evaluation situations), it has been generated an important amount ofresearches. The investigating efforts have been adressed, mainly, to determine the relative impact ofthe evaluation anxiety and its components (worry and emotionality) about the fuIfilment of several taks and about the knowledge of the mediating cognitive processes. This research sougth to confirm the existence of the differential causal effects from the evaluation anxiety and its components in the fulfilment of an attentional taks, and the nature of the cognitive strategies (facilitating and interfering) generated by students, during the fulfiment of the task. The results proved the existence of important differences only among students who had a high and low worry, not appearing any significance for the emotionality. On the other hand, important differences appeared in the nature of the cognitive responses, as wel1 as, pattems of differential responses for the high and low subjets, generating, the high ones lnore interfering thoughts than the low ones. Finally, it was confirmed that the worry, in contrast with the emotionality, is a generator of higher number of interfering strategies

Recent perspectives in the study of motivation: Goal Orientation Theory

Abstract Studies on academic motivation from the perspective of goal orientation have been plentiful in recent years. Nonetheless, the conceptual and empirical approach is not uniform, evolving from normative conceptions toward other multidimensional ones. This paper analyzes the classic and reformulated versions of this theory, looking at assumptions, empirical evidence, inconsistencies and research developed along both lines of study. Finally, it evaluates implications in carrying some of these insufficiently verified principles into educational practice

Relationship Between Academic Procrastination, Well-Being, and Grades: the Mediational Role of Self-Regulation and Bad Habits

Psychological research, nowadays, on the areas of student´s health and well-being has shown interesting results where the central constructs are self-regulation and procrastination. Self-regulation behavior is a meta-skill that includes cognitive, affective, and motivational aspects of the individuals. Procrastination can be defined as a meta-skill (a self-regulatory failure) that implies active de-regulatory conduct. The evidence points out that self-regulation contributes to the prediction of well-being, health, and academic procrastination. This study aims to establish procrastination´s direct and indirect effects on students´ well-being and academic performance, being self-regulation and bad habits the mediators. A total of 710 college students from 16 to 53 years of age took part (Average of 20.8 and SD 4.3), 224 (31.5%) were men and 486 (68.5%) women. Two mediational analyses were carried out. Results indicate the significance of the proposed model as procrastination does not directly affect the student´s psychological well-being or academic performance. The conclusions point out that procrastination indirectly affects students´ well-being, academic performance, and bad habits, being self-regulation a mediating variable. The possible theoretical, methodological, and psychoeducational intervention implications are discussed

Modelling students, academic confidence, personality and academic emotions

The research presented here is founded on the Big Five trait approach to personality which has been shown to be related to academic success, students¿ academic confidence or self-efficacy and the emotions related to academic achievement.To explore whether Personality characteristics would be differentially associated with Academic Confidence and both would jointly predict Academic Emotions.A bespoke online platform was used to survey undergraduate students in two Spanish universities. The data was used to assess bivariate correlation and to build Structural EquationModels.A total of 1398 undergraduate students studying Psychology, Primary Education, or Educational Psychology degree programmes completed the validated Spanish version of the Academic Behavioural Confidence scale. Of those, 636 also completed a validated Spanish language scale to assess Personality along the Big Five dimensions and 551 of the 1398 students complete a validated Spanish language scale to assess Academic Emotions. A total of 527 students completed all three scales.The correlations showed that the student Personality traits of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Agreeableness were significantly and positively related to their Academic Confidence whilst Neuroticism was negatively correlated with the degree of Academic Confidence. Similarly student Academic Confidence correlated positively with positive Academic Emotions and negatively with negative Academic Emotions. Structural Equation Modelling resulted in a model of excellent fit that linked the personality traits of Conscientiousness and Neuroticism with overall Academic Confidence and Academic Emotion scores. The methodological issues around the findings along with the implications for undergraduate learning and teaching are discussed

Coronavirus disease (Covid-19): psychoeducational variables involved in the health emergency

This monograph has allowed us to present a psychoeducational view of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We confirm here that research in education contributes its own evidence and specific models for identifying this problem

Maternal and paternal parenting styles as a whole: validation of the simple form of the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale

La Escala para la Evaluación del Estilo Parental (EEEP) pregunta a los adolescentes sobre los estilos educativos de sus padres por separado (“tu padre” y “tu madre”) o de forma conjunta (“tus padres”), pero solo se ha evaluado la validez en la versión por separado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la validez de las inferencias de la versión conjunta. Se reclutó una muestra de 1507 adolescentes, de 12 a 18 años. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios en dos submuestras independientes. Después se probó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para comprobar la asociación de las subescalas de la EEEP con desenlaces de los adolescentes (optimismo, pesimismo y resultados académicos). Los resultados muestran buenas medidas de ajuste de la estructura del instrumento. Además, las subescalas mostraron asociación con los desenlaces. La EEEP puede ser usada con fiabilidad en su forma conjunta, resultando en una reducción de ítems, los cual es a menudo beneficioso para la investigación

Validation of the child and youth resilience measure-28 (CYRM-28) among Spanish youth

Objectives: This article presents a validation study of the 28-item Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). The sample contained 365 Spanish youth ages between 15 to 21, from Navarre (Spain), all of them enrolled in Initial Vocational Qualification Programs. Method: The CYRM-28 was administered to students from 27 secondary schools in the province of Navarre. Confirmatory analyses were conducted. Results: The structure of the original scale was confirmed, as well as acceptable psychometric properties. Discussion: Findings add support to the CYRM-28 as a reliable and valid self-report instrument that measures three components of resilience processes in the lives of youth with complex needs. The CYRM-28 shows adequate psychometric properties, the CFA presents indices of goodness and fit (Chi-squared = 60,170, df = 17, p < .001; CFI = .960, TLI = .934, IFI = .961, RFI = .911 and NFI = .946; RMSEA = .084). Conclusion: Advanced statistical modeling yielded evidence that the scale, originally developed for use in several countries, can be used to assess resilience in Spanish youth.This work was supported by Ministry of Education and Science (R&D Project PGC2018-094672-B-I00); University of Almería (UAL18-SEJ-DO31-A-FEDER) and the European Social Fund