194 research outputs found
Mutationsanalyse von Kandidatengenen fĂŒr die neurologische Mutation wobbler der Maus
Fuchs S. Mutationsanalyse von Kandidatengenen fĂŒr die neurologische Mutation wobbler der Maus. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2001.Die autosomal rezessive Mutation wobbler (Gensymbol wr, PhĂ€notyp WR) der Maus fĂŒhrt zur Degeneration von Motoneuronen in Hirnstamm und RĂŒckenmark und löst so eine Muskelatrophie aus. WR-MĂ€nnchen zeigen auĂerdem einen Spermiogenesedefekt.
Die wr-Mutation wurde auf dem proximalen Chromosom 11 in einem Bereich konservierter SyntĂ€nie zum humanen Chromosom 2p13-15 lokalisiert. In der Positionsklonierung des wr-Gens wurden physikalische Karten der Regionen bei Maus und Mensch erstellt. Dort konnten die Gene fĂŒr die cytoplasmatische Malatdehydrogenase Mor2 und das Homöobox-Protein Otx1 kartiert werden. Durch die Ăbertragung von Genen bzw. GenbruchstĂŒcken vom humanen Chromosom 2p13-15 auf die Maus-Karte wurden weitere Kandidatengene identifiziert: die Gene fĂŒr ein Tumorantigen Hcc8, die Uridin-Diphosphoglukose-Pyrophosphorylase Ugp2, und das Drosophila Pellino-Homolog Peli1 und auĂerdem die anonymen cDNAs Kiaa0903 und hEST13. Hcc8, Ugp2 und Peli1 wurden als Kandidaten fĂŒr die wr-Mutation ausgeschlossen.
In dieser Arbeit wurde die physikalische Karte der Region verbessert. Es konnten neue Kandidatengene kartiert und gleichzeitig fĂŒr die wr-Mutation ausgeschlossen werden: die anonymen cDNAs Hspc159 und Murr1, und die Gene fĂŒr das Endozepine-like peptide Elp, das peroxisomale Protein Pex13 und das Exportin1 Xpo1. Durch die Detektion von Rekombinationen in einem Intron von Murr1 wurde der wr-kritische Bereich um 2,15 cM verkleinert.
FĂŒr das Otx1-Gen konnte die genomische Sequenz und fĂŒr die cDNAs Homoloc-13 und Kiaa0903 die cDNA-Sequenz erstellt werden. Die vergleichende Sequenzierung der kodierenden Regionen von Mor2, Otx1, Homoloc-13 und Kiaa0903 ergab keinen Unterschied zwischen WT und WR; auch in der Expression dieser Gene bzw. cDNAs konnte keine VerĂ€nderung gefunden werden, so dass sie als Kandidaten fĂŒr wobbler ausscheiden.
Nach der in dieser Arbeit durchgefĂŒhrten Mutationsanalyse sind keine weiteren Kandidatengene fĂŒr die wr-Mutation mehr vorhanden, so dass nun Mutationen in nicht-kodierenden Bereichen, die regulatorische Funktion haben könnten, gesucht werden mĂŒssen
"Dauerbaustelle" Erzieher:innenausbildung. Strukturen, Ausbildungsformate und Entwicklungen an Fachschulen fĂŒr SozialpĂ€dagogik
Fachschulen fĂŒr SozialpĂ€dagogik sind nach wie vor die wichtigsten Ausbildungsinstitutionen fĂŒr die FrĂŒhe Bildung, ihre KapazitĂ€ten haben sich in den vergangenen zehn bis fĂŒnfzehn Jahren nahezu verdoppelt. Diese Expansion wurde begleitet von umfassenden Reformen, die zu einer Pluralisierung und Diversifizierung des Ausbildungssystems fĂŒhrten. Welchen konkreten Niederschlag haben diese Reformen in der Fachschullandschaft gefunden? Welche weiteren Entwicklungspotenziale ergeben sich daraus und wo liegen Stolpersteine? Diesen Fragen geht die Studie anhand einer bundesweiten Befragung von Fachschulleitungen nach. (DIPF/Verlag
Pluralisierung und Diversifizierung der Ausbildung zur Erzieherin und zum Erzieher. Vorschlag zu einer Systematisierung
Aufgrund des hohen FachkrĂ€ftebedarfs in der Kindertagesbetreuung ist erneut Bewegung in die Ausbildungslandschaft der FrĂŒhen Bildung gekommen. WĂ€hrend es um die hochschulische Ausbildung vergleichsweise still geworden ist, agieren die Fachschulen Ă€uĂerst vital: Hier werden bestehende Ausbildungsmodelle optimiert und neue rasant entwickelt. Diese neuen Formate haben eines gemeinsam: Ăber eine stĂ€rkere Praxisanbindung wĂ€hrend der Ausbildung sowie eine VerkĂŒrzung der Gesamtausbildungsdauer sollen "arbeitsmarktfĂ€hige FachkrĂ€fte" schneller in die Praxis einmĂŒnden. Die daraus resultierenden erwĂŒnschten und unerwĂŒnschten Begleiterscheinungen drohen die bisher erreichten Ausbildungs- und QualitĂ€tsstandards zu unterlaufen. (DIPF/Orig.
Human-Centric Process-Aware Information Systems (HC-PAIS)
Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) support organizations in managing
and automating their processes. A full automation of processes is in particular
industries, such as service-oriented markets, not practicable. The integration
of humans in PAIS is necessary to manage and perform processes that require
human capabilities, judgments and decisions. A challenge of interdisciplinary
PAIS research is to provide concepts and solutions that support human
integration in PAIS and human orientation of PAIS in a way that provably
increase the PAIS users' satisfaction and motivation with working with the
Human-Centric Process Aware Information System (HC-PAIS) and consequently
influence users' performance of tasks. This work is an initial step of research
that aims at providing a definition of Human-Centric Process Aware Information
Systems (HC-PAIS) and future research challenges of HC-PAIS. Results of focus
group research are presented.Comment: 8 page
Comparative transcription map of the wobbler critical region on mouse chromosome 11 and the homologous region on human chromosome 2p13-14
BACKGROUND: To support the positional cloning of the mouse mutation wobbler (wr) the corresponding regions on human Chr2p13-14 and mouse Chr11 were analyzed in detail and compared with respect to gene content, order, and orientation. RESULTS: The gene content of the investigated regions was highly conserved between the two species: 20 orthologous genes were identified on our BAC/YAC contig comprising 4.5 Mb between REL/Rel and RAB1A/Rab1a. Exceptions were pseudogenes ELP and PX19 whose mouse counterparts were not located within the analyzed region. Two independently isolated genomic clones indicate an inversion between man and mouse with the inverted segment being identical to the wobbler critical interval. We investigated the wobbler critical region by extensive STS/EST mapping and genomic sequencing. Additionally, the full-length cDNA sequences of four newly mapped genes as well as the previously mapped gene Otx1 were established and subjected to mutation analysis. Our data indicate that all genes in the wr critical region have been identified. CONCLUSION: Unexpectedly, neither mutation analysis of cDNAs nor levels of mRNAs indicated which of the candidate genes might be affected by the wr mutation. The possibility arises that there might be hitherto unknown effects of mutations, in addition to structural changes of the mRNA or regulatory abnormalities
Physician-Specific Symptoms of Burnout Compared to a Non-Physicians Group
Physician burnout is a systemic problem in health care due to its high prevalence and its negative impact on professional functioning and individual well-being. While unique aspects of the physician role contributing to the development burnout have been investigated recently, it is currently unclear whether burnout manifests differently in physicians compared to the non-physician working population. We conducted an individual symptom analysis of burnout symptoms comparing a large sample of physicians with a non-physician group. In this cross-sectional online study, burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout InventoryâGeneral Survey. We matched physicians with non-physicians regarding their age, gender, educational level, occupational status, and total burnout level using a ânearest neighbour matchingâ procedure. We then conducted a series of between-groups comparisons. Data of 3846 (51.0% women) participants including 641 physicians and 3205 non-physicians were analysed. The most pronounced difference was that physicians were more satisfied with their work performance (medium effect size (r = 0.343). Our findings indicate minor yet significant differences in burnout phenomenology between physicians and non-physicians. This demonstrates unique aspects of physician burnout and implies that such differences should be considered in occupational research among physicians, particularly when developing burnout prevention programs for physicians
Deregulated Syk inhibits differentiation and induces growth factorâindependent proliferation of preâB cells
The nonreceptor protein spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a key mediator of signal transduction in a variety of cell types, including B lymphocytes. We show that deregulated Syk activity allows growth factorâindependent proliferation and transforms bone marrowâderived preâB cells that are then able to induce leukemia in mice. Syk-transformed preâB cells show a characteristic pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation, increased c-Myc expression, and defective differentiation. Treatment of Syk-transformed preâB cells with a novel Syk-specific inhibitor (R406) reduces tyrosine phosphorylation and c-Myc expression. In addition, R406 treatment removes the developmental block and allows the differentiation of the Syk-transformed preâB cells into immature B cells. Because R406 treatment also prevents the proliferation of c-Mycâtransformed preâB cells, our data indicate that endogenous Syk kinase activity may be required for the survival of preâB cells transformed by other oncogenes. Collectively, our data suggest that Syk is a protooncogene involved in the transformation of lymphocytes, thus making Syk a potential target for the treatment of leukemia
Problematizando ExperiĂȘncias de VĂtimas de ViolĂȘncias: IndagaçÔes e AnĂĄlises
TĂtulo Problematizando experiĂȘncias de vĂtimas de violĂȘncia: indagaçÔes e anĂĄlises.
Autor Thiago Sandrini Mansur
RESUMO
Em geral, as reflexĂ”es sobre as pessoas que sofrem algum tipo de violĂȘncia foram, por muito tempo, negligenciadas pelas sociedades em todo o mundo. Isso se torna ainda mais enfĂĄtico no que diz respeito aos segmentos menos favorecidos da sociedade, sobretudo com relação Ă queles que estĂŁo confinados em estabelecimentos de internação. No Brasil, este cenĂĄrio foi se modificando lentamente ao longo do sĂ©culo XX, ganhando novos contornos por meio das experiĂȘncias dos movimentos de defesa dos direitos humanos, sobretudo, a partir do perĂodo de contestação Ă ditadura militar. Num perĂodo mais recente de nossa histĂłria, o surgimento de centros de apoio Ă s vĂtimas de violĂȘncia pode ser considerado como uma maneira de colocar em anĂĄlise as diversas formas de manifestação da violĂȘncia, embora tais estabelecimentos nĂŁo sejam os Ășnicos, nem os primeiros a fazer isso. Os centros de apoio se tornaram locais nĂŁo somente para que as vĂtimas de violĂȘncia recebessem atendimento, mas, sobretudo, para que se incitasse a luta pela responsabilização de seus algozes e a criação de novos paradigmas para uma cultura de paz e nĂŁo-violĂȘncia. Tendo em vista este cenĂĄrio, objetivou-se problematizar as experiĂȘncias de pessoas que foram atingidas pela violĂȘncia, residentes na RegiĂŁo Metropolitana da Grande VitĂłria e que buscaram apoio em um desses centros de atendimento. Problematizar uma experiĂȘncia significa se perguntar como um conjunto de prĂĄticas discursivas e nĂŁo discursivas que antes era aceito em uma sociedade sem questionamentos e tido como familiar e natural se torna um motivo de preocupação, incitando discussĂ”es, polemizando debates, suscitando mudanças de comportamento e instigando novos hĂĄbitos. Para alcançar tal propĂłsito, foram realizadas atividades em grupo, nas quais se problematizou as experiĂȘncias de mĂŁes que tiveram seus filhos violentados por agentes do Estado, quando em cumprimento de medida sĂłcio-educativa de privação de liberdade. TambĂ©m foram feitas entrevistas de restituição nas quais as mĂŁes puderam avaliar as experiĂȘncias em grupo, bem como discutir os resultados e as conclusĂ”es da pesquisa. O objetivo dessas atividades foi compreender que prĂĄticas discursivas e nĂŁo-discursivas sobre (e de) vĂtimas de violĂȘncia se atualizam atravĂ©s de falas, açÔes, sentimentos e pensamentos. A que supostas verdades remetem? Que relaçÔes de saber-poder fazem funcionar? Como a experiĂȘncia de estar em grupo coloca em questĂŁo certos modos de ser das vĂtimas? Em primeiro lugar, evidenciou-se que as pessoas participantes da pesquisa eram, em sua grande maioria, pobres, afro-descendentes, moradores de periferia e com baixa escolaridade, justamente o perfil tĂpico das pessoas atingidas pela violĂȘncia. Os resultados e as discussĂ”es levaram Ă conclusĂŁo de que muitas das pessoas atingidas pela violĂȘncia, bem como seus familiares, embora sob esse forte impacto, apostaram e ainda apostam em afirmar a vida, ao invĂ©s de se colocarem no lugar de resignação, que muitas vezes Ă© destinado Ă s vĂtimas. Percebeu-se que conhecer e compartilhar as experiĂȘncias dessas pessoas pode contribuir para a discussĂŁo acadĂȘmica do problema e para a transformação de alguns dos efeitos deletĂ©rios da violĂȘncia. Atualmente, quando falamos em vĂtimas de violĂȘncia, imediatamente nos surgem imagens de indivĂduos passivos e inertes que padecem na dor pelo resto de suas vidas. Tais imagens estĂŁo atreladas a uma visĂŁo intimista da realidade (SENNET, 1998), na qual se pensam as experiĂȘncias como vivĂȘncias individuais e particulares de cada um. Sendo assim, aquilo que uma pessoa vive diria respeito apenas a ela mesma e a mais ninguĂ©m. A existĂȘncia dos centros de apoio Ă s vĂtimas de violĂȘncia delimita a constituição de espaços em que essas experiĂȘncias podem ser problematizadas em suas verdades instituĂdas. Entendemos que problematizar uma experiĂȘncia Ă© evidenciar seu carĂĄter de produção histĂłrica e social. Isto significa dizer que aquilo que denominamos vĂtima de violĂȘncia apresenta-se como uma forma circunstancial e provisĂłria, ou seja, nĂŁo-natural.
Palavras-chave: ViolĂȘncia; VĂtima; ExperiĂȘncia
Tuning a robust system: N,O Zinc Guanidine Catalysts for the ROP of Lactide
Non-toxic, highly-active and robust complexes are the holy grail as ideal green catalysts for the polymerisation of biobased and biodegrable polylactide. Four new zinc guanidine complexes [ZnCl2(TMG4NMe2asme)], [ZnCl2(TMG5Clasme)], [ZnCl2(TMG5Measme)] and [ZnCl2(TMG5NMe2asme)] with different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on aromatic backbone of the ligand have been synthesised. Ligands are derived from low-cost commercially available compounds and have been converted in a three- or four-step synthesis into the desired ligand in good yields. The compounds have been fully characterised and tested in the ROP of rac-LA in the melt under industrially relevant conditions. The complexes are based on the recently published structure [ZnCl2(TMGasme)] which has shown high activity in the polymerisation of lactide at 150 °C. Different substituents in the para-position to the guanidine moiety significantly increase the polymerisation rate whereas positioning substituents in meta-position causes no change in the reaction rate. With molecular weights over 71 000 g mol-1, the best catalyst produces polymer for several industrial applications and its polymerisation rate approaches the one of Sn(Oct)2. The robust systems are able to polymerise non-purified lactide. The initiation of the polymerisation is suggested to occur by impurities in the monomer
Simple Zn(ii) complexes for the production and degradation of polyesters
Nine new complexes based on thioether appended iminophenolate (ONS) ligands have been prepared and fully characterized in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Solid-state structures were also obtained for seven complexes. In solution, all complexes were monomeric. The complexes were highly active for the polymerization of purified rac-lactide ([M]â:â[Zn]â:â[BnOH] = 10â000â:â1â:â30 at 180 °C) reaching TOF values up to 250â000 hâ1. The kinetics of the polymerization have been probed by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The rate of reaction was dramatically reduced using technical grade rac-lactide with increased initiator loading. To move towards a circular economy, it is vital that catalysts are developed to facilitate chemical recycling of commodity and emerging polymeric materials. In this vein, the complexes have been assessed for their ability to break down poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). The results from both the polymerization and degradation reactions are discussed in terms of ligand functionality
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