752 research outputs found
Economic sanctions against Russia: italian point of view
This article is devoted to the impact of economic sanctions against Russia imposed by the European Union on the economy of Italy and reflects the views of the Italians. Special attention is paid to the losses incurred by the economy of Italy
Space-time evolution of Dirac wave packets
In this work we study the dynamics of free 3D relativistic Gaussian wave
packets with different spin polarization. We analyze the connection between the
symmetry of initial state and the dynamical characteristics of moving particle.
The corresponding solutions of Dirac equation having different types of
symmetry were evaluated analytically and numerically and after that the
electron probability densities, as well as, the spin densities were visualized.
The average values of velocity of the packet center and the average spin were
calculated analytically, and the parameters of transient Zitterbewegung in
different directions were obtained. These results can be useful for the
interpretation of future experiments with trapped ions.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ (Π inus sylvestris l.) Π½Π° Π£ΡΠ°Π»Π΅)
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ². Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅
Shaping the competitive advantages of travel agencies over online services in todayβs environment
The object of the study is the modern tourism and hospitality industry, which has faced significant losses and transformations over the past few years. Changes in the service system, transition to new standards, introduction of digital and online technologies in operations, etc. are affecting both industry players and consumer preferences. While some consumers only use the services of professional travel organisers, others travel on their own, preferring independent tourism. The article examines major trends in the tourism industry, reviews the market and gives recommendations on what challenges and opportunities to create a competitive advantage over online resources, aggregators in the fight for the consumer should pay attention to travel agencies as one of the key players in the market of travel services
Trends and problems of development of the world tourism
Tendencies of development of world tourism, its positive and negative aspects have been examined. On the basis of statistical data, the main target audience has been identified, which will need to be guided by the producer of tourist services in the future. New opportunities in the tourism industry have been considered. Among the trends in the development of tourism have been considered, such as the emergence of new consumer groups, the shift of attention towards resource efficiency, the development of the digital economy, transport innovations, that affect the growth of passenger mobility. In addition to the prospects of dynamic development, the problems, that the industry will face in the coming years have been designated. The methods of reducing the negative impact of the tourism industry have been presented
Economic and social aspects in the Republic of Tatarstan
The urgency of the problem under study is conditioned by the need to study the state of interethnic and interreligious relations in polyethnic and poly-confessional regions of Russian Federation. The aim of the article is to analyze the situation in the sphere of interethnic and interreligious relations in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2016.
The leading approach to the study of this problem is the poly-paradigm methodology. The article gives the description of interethnic and interconfessional relations in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2014-2016, the comparative data on the largest cities of the republic are given. A particular attention is paid to the analysis of migrant perception peculiarities by the local population.
The materials of the article can be useful for ethnologists, social and cultural anthropologists, political scientists, as well as for the representatives of the bodies and structures responsible for the issues of interethnic interaction.peer-reviewe
Pedagogical support aimed to form future pedagogue-psychologists' readiness to work with the family
The growing contradiction between the objective need of the society to train future pedagogue-psychologists capable to perform the effective work with the family and the insufficient development of technological support of this problem realization within the context of higher education institutions have caused the urgency of this research. This general contradiction at the theoretic-methodological level is expressed in the form of a scientific problem: what are the pedagogical conditions of future pedagogue-psychologists readiness formation to work with the family. The urgency of the problem under consideration, its insufficient elaboration determines the subject-matter of our research. The goal of the research is to elaborate theoretically, to ground scientifically and to test experimentally pedagogical conditions aimed to form future pedagogue-psychologists' readiness for psychological-pedagogical work with the family. Β© IDOSI Publications, 2014
Modern trends and challenges of development of global aluminum industry
This article overviews complex study into modern trends and challenges of development of global aluminum industry. Dynamics, structure, and segmentation of global aluminum market are discussed in terms of systematic analysis. On this basis strategic map of the industry has been plotted and five forces of competition on global aluminum market have been determined which will influence directly on functioning and development of aluminum producing companies
Synthesis of TiOβ different phase by DC magnetron sputtering
The enhanced interest to synthesis of thin and extra-thin films using for surface materials modification continue to be quite actual up to now. A special attention is drawn to coatings having important for practical applications characteristics with costs-effective production. These may be the films of binary compounds of certain metals, particularly, titanium nitride and titanium oxide. The last compound possesses the utmost significance due to wide range of its unique physical, chemical and biological properties. Functional coatings of titanium dioxide synthesis with nanoscale thickness is of considerable interest since it allows essential economy of the material and the increase of manufacturing productivity with the decrease of production cost. To create a scientific basis of nanotechnologies researchers explore different coatings methods, including the ion-plasma methods. Among them, reactive magnetron sputtering seems to be promising: DC magnetron coating allows to deposit titania in amorphous and crystal phase and control results by variation of deposition conditions. The substrate material influences coating phase, as well as discharge characteristics. The thermal linear expansion coefficient does not influence line blue shift in Raman spectra of deposited films in our experiments. The influence of film annealing after deposition up to 800ΒΊC on dioxide crystalline phase of the film is shown.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² DC-ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ 800ΒΊΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
.ΠΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π°Π³Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΒ¬Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π°Π³Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° Π²ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡ
ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. Π¦Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ² Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ. Π£ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ², Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ. Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Β¬Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² DC-ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π· Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
Ρ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ Π· ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·ΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π·Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 800ΒΊΠ‘ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Β«ΠΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΒ» Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ° (ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°)
The expression βArab reasonβ is quite multifaceted: it poses different problems at the same time: the problem of reason as such and its connection with the Arab language and Arab culture. In order to understand the complexity of the task or at least part of it we need to immerse ourselves in different layers of culture: in religion of Islam, theology, science of law, philosophy, poetry and folklore. Historical and cultural view on the βreasonβ makes it possible to highlight its epistemological aspects, its ambiguity and even plurality of the familiar phenomenon of βreasonβ. The perspective on the βreasonβ in close connection with the changes happening in Arab culture and nations that entered the Caliphate allows you to see its preserved connection with the pre-islamic worldview. It allows you to see remnants of consciousness of the βjahiliyyaβ era and the emergence of new forms of perception, understanding of the world, such as the βscience of faithβ, logic, philosophy, natural sciences and society.ΠΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΒ» Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ. Π Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ β Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, Π² Π½Π°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π½Π° Β«ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΒ» Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΒ». Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ°Β» Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π₯Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ Β«Π΄ΠΆΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Β», Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅
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