1,310 research outputs found
Social evaluation at a distance – facets of stereotype content about student groups in higher distance education
In the academic domain, belonging to a negatively stereotyped group can impair performance and peer relationships. In higher distance education, stereotypes may be particularly influential as face-to-face contact is limited and non-traditional students who are at risk of being stereotyped are overrepresented. Still, research on stereotypes in higher distance education is sparse. The current research addresses this gap by investigating the Big Two of social perception (warmth, competence) and subordinate facets (friendliness, morality, assertiveness, ability, conscientiousness) in the context of higher distance education. It tests a) how well models with warmth/competence or the facets fit the data, b) whether stereotypes in higher distance education depend on the student group, and c) how the Big Two and subordinate facets predict intergroup emotions and behavioral intentions in higher distance education. An online survey with N = 626 students (74% female) of a large distance university showed that a measurement model with four facets (i.e., friendliness, morality, ability, conscientiousness) reveals adequate model fit for 12 student groups. Perceived stereotypes were positive for female students, older students, and students with children. However, migrant as well as younger students were perceived negatively. Across groups, stereotype content facets predicted intergroup emotions and behavioral intentions of facilitation or harm. Implications for the influence of negative stereotypes in higher distance education are discussed
Nonlocal Effects on the Magnetic Penetration Depth in d-wave Superconductors
We show that, under certain conditions, the low temperature behavior of the
magnetic penetration depth of a pure d-wave superconductor is
determined by nonlocal electrodynamics and, contrary to the general belief, the
deviation is proportional to T^2 and
not T. We predict that the dependence, due to
nonlocality, should be observable experimentally in nominally clean high-T_c
superconductors below a crossover temperature . Possible complications due to impurities, surface quality and
crystal axes orientation are discussed.Comment: REVTeX3.0; 4 pages, 1 EPS figure (included); Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Let
The relationship between ethnic classroom composition and Turkish-origin and German students’ reading performance and sense of belonging
Past research on ethnic composition effects on migrant and ethnic majority students’ performance has reported inconclusive results: Some studies have found no relationship between the proportion of migrant students in school and students’ performance, some revealed positive effects, whereas others showed negative effects of the proportion of migrant students. Most of the studies did not consider whether an increase in the proportion of migrant students in the classroom has different effects on migrant and ethnic majority students’ performance. For this reason, the present study (N = 9215) extends previous research by investigating the cross-level interaction effect of the proportion of Turkish-origin students in classrooms on Turkish-origin and German students’ reading performance with data based on the German National Assessment Study 2008/2009 in the school subject German. In addition, we examined the cross-level interaction effect of Turkish-origin students’ proportion on sense of belonging to school of Turkish-origin and German students, as sense of belonging has been shown to be an important predictor of well-being and integration. No cross-level interaction effect on performance emerged. Only a small negative main effect of the Turkish-origin students’ proportion on all students’ performance was found. As predicted, we showed a cross-level interaction on sense of belonging. Only Turkish-origin students’ sense of belonging was positively related to the proportion of Turkish-origin students: The more Turkish-origin students there were in a classroom, the higher Turkish-origin students’ sense of belonging. German students’ sense of belonging was not related to the ethnic classroom composition. Implications of the results in the educational context are discussed
A microfabricated sensor for thin dielectric layers
We describe a sensor for the measurement of thin dielectric layers capable of
operation in a variety of environments. The sensor is obtained by
microfabricating a capacitor with interleaved aluminum fingers, exposed to the
dielectric to be measured. In particular, the device can measure thin layers of
solid frozen from a liquid or gaseous medium. Sensitivity to single atomic
layers is achievable in many configurations and, by utilizing fast, high
sensitivity capacitance read out in a feedback system onto environmental
parameters, coatings of few layers can be dynamically maintained. We discuss
the design, read out and calibration of several versions of the device
optimized in different ways. We specifically dwell on the case in which
atomically thin solid xenon layers are grown and stabilized, in cryogenic
conditions, from a liquid xenon bath
Laser structuring of NMC 811 high energy electrodes in battery production for enhancing the electrochemical performance for xEV energy storage systems
Layered oxide cathodes, especially thick-film electrodes like lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, NMC, are under continuously investigation to meet the ambitious requirements, e.g. 700 Wh/l, for future Li-ion batteries in electric drive applications. The objective of the most current studies is to reduce the Co content with a concurrent increasing Ni-content in the NMC cathodes such as NMC 811 [1]. It must not leave the fact out of consideration, that NMC cathodes suffer from low high rate capability and corresponding low capacity retention at high C-rates. In particular, the negative impact is even higher for thick-film high energy cathodes. To counteract the negative effect, high repetition ultrafast laser ablation is applied to create appropriate 3D electrode designs [2]. New Li+-diffusion pathways, applied by the laser structuring process, shell enhance electrolyte wettability and reduce overpotentials at high C-rates. It is attempted to integrate the laser structuring into a continuous roll-to-roll electrode production process. In this way, the positive properties achieved through 3D structuring can also be obtained for Li-ion batteries that are produced on a large scale. By using this novel production technology, future NMC batteries can be produced with improved performance characteristics for xEV applications. Furthermore, this technology can also be applied for other generation 3b battery cells. This work is performed under the frame of the RealLi! project, in which the following aspects are covered:
a) Development of thick film NMC811 electrodes with high areal capacity
b) Passivation approach to improve cycle stability and lifetime
c) Cell Assembly and electrochemical characterization
d) Holistic evaluation of the potential environmental impact of the NMC811 cells via life cycle assessment
e) An experimentally validated electrochemical model to describe electrode structures and their optimization.
f) Improved electrochemical performance of NMC811 electrodes on a laboratory scale by using 3D laser structuring.
g) Scale up of the 3D laser structuring process and corresponding improved electrochemical performance of NMC811 electrodes in pouch cell format by using 3D laser ablation
Estimating large-scale signaling networks through nested effect models with intervention effects from microarray data
Motivation: Targeted interventions using RNA interference in combination with the measurement of secondary effects with DNA microarrays can be used to computationally reverse engineer features of upstream non-transcriptional signaling cascades based on the nested structure of effects
Adiabatic limit and the slow motion of vortices in a Chern-Simons-Schr\"odinger system
We study a nonlinear system of partial differential equations in which a
complex field (the Higgs field) evolves according to a nonlinear Schroedinger
equation, coupled to an electromagnetic field whose time evolution is
determined by a Chern-Simons term in the action. In two space dimensions, the
Chern-Simons dynamics is a Galileo invariant evolution for A, which is an
interesting alternative to the Lorentz invariant Maxwell evolution, and is
finding increasing numbers of applications in two dimensional condensed matter
field theory. The system we study, introduced by Manton, is a special case (for
constant external magnetic field, and a point interaction) of the effective
field theory of Zhang, Hansson and Kivelson arising in studies of the
fractional quantum Hall effect. From the mathematical perspective the system is
a natural gauge invariant generalization of the nonlinear Schroedinger
equation, which is also Galileo invariant and admits a self-dual structure with
a resulting large space of topological solitons (the moduli space of self-dual
Ginzburg-Landau vortices). We prove a theorem describing the adiabatic
approximation of this system by a Hamiltonian system on the moduli space. The
approximation holds for values of the Higgs self-coupling constant close to the
self-dual (Bogomolny) value of 1. The viability of the approximation scheme
depends upon the fact that self-dual vortices form a symplectic submanifold of
the phase space (modulo gauge invariance). The theorem provides a rigorous
description of slow vortex dynamics in the near self-dual limit.Comment: Minor typos corrected, one reference added and DOI give
Roots of the derivative of the Riemann zeta function and of characteristic polynomials
We investigate the horizontal distribution of zeros of the derivative of the
Riemann zeta function and compare this to the radial distribution of zeros of
the derivative of the characteristic polynomial of a random unitary matrix.
Both cases show a surprising bimodal distribution which has yet to be
explained. We show by example that the bimodality is a general phenomenon. For
the unitary matrix case we prove a conjecture of Mezzadri concerning the
leading order behavior, and we show that the same follows from the random
matrix conjectures for the zeros of the zeta function.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure
Dynamical Properties of small Polarons
On the basis of the two-site polaron problem, which we solve by exact
diagonalization, we analyse the spectral properties of polaronic systems in
view of discerning localized from itinerant polarons and bound polaron pairs
from an ensemble of single polarons. The corresponding experimental techniques
for that concern photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. The
evolution of the density of states as a function of concentration of charge
carriers and strength of the electron-phonon interaction clearly shows the
opening up of a gap between single polaronic and bi-polaronic states, in
analogy to the Hubbard problem for strongly correlated electron systems. The
crossover regime between adiabatic and anti-adiabatic small polarons is
triggered by two characteristic time scales: the renormalized electron hopping
rate and the renormalized vibrational frequency becoming equal. This crossover
regime is then characterized by temporarily alternating self- localization and
delocalization of the charge carriers which is accompanied by phase slips in
the charge and molecular deformation oscillations and ultimately leads to a
dephasing between these two dynamical components of the polaron problem. We
visualize these features by a study of the temporal evolution of the charge
redistribution and the change in molecular deformations. The spectral and
dynamical properties of polarons discussed here are beyond the applicability of
the standard Lang Firsov approach to the polaron problem.Comment: 31 pages and 23 figs.(eps), accepted in the Phys. Rev.
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