Avoiding Unnecessary Information Loss: Correct and Efficient Model Synchronization Based on Triple Graph Grammars

Model synchronization, i.e., the task of restoring consistency between two interrelated models after a model change, is a challenging task. Triple Graph Grammars (TGGs) specify model consistency by means of rules that describe how to create consistent pairs of models. These rules can be used to automatically derive further rules, which describe how to propagate changes from one model to the other or how to change one model in such a way that propagation is guaranteed to be possible. Restricting model synchronization to these derived rules, however, may lead to unnecessary deletion and recreation of model elements during change propagation. This is inefficient and may cause unnecessary information loss, i.e., when deleted elements contain information that is not represented in the second model, this information cannot be recovered easily. Short-cut rules have recently been developed to avoid unnecessary information loss by reusing existing model elements. In this paper, we show how to automatically derive (short-cut) repair rules from short-cut rules to propagate changes such that information loss is avoided and model synchronization is accelerated. The key ingredients of our rule-based model synchronization process are these repair rules and an incremental pattern matcher informing about suitable applications of them. We prove the termination and the correctness of this synchronization process and discuss its completeness. As a proof of concept, we have implemented this synchronization process in eMoflon, a state-of-the-art model transformation tool with inherent support of bidirectionality. Our evaluation shows that repair processes based on (short-cut) repair rules have considerably decreased information loss and improved performance compared to former model synchronization processes based on TGGs.Comment: 33 pages, 20 figures, 3 table

What happens when we remove GRACE or Ocean Bottom pressure from a GRACE+GPS+OBP joint inversion? Roelof Rietbroek, Sandra-Esther Brunnabend, Madlen Gebler, Mathias Fritsche, Jürgen Kusche, Christoph Dahle, Frank Flechtner, Schröter Jens, and Dietrich Reinhard

The movement of large masses, originating from hydrological and oceanographic variations, causes detectable variations in gravity and surface deformation. These may be detected by satellite gravimetry and a network of permanent GPS stations respectively. Alternatively, additional information on ocean bottom pressure(OBP) variations may be retrieved from simulations. Joint inversions offer a way to combine different data sources in order to obtain improved estimates of surface loading. This technique can be used to compensate for weaknesses in one dataset, by the strengths of the others. But what happens when one datasets is taken out of the equation? Here, we compute a joint inversion using a GPS+GRACE+OBP combination. Additionally, we purposely deteriorate the solution by removing either data from GRACE or OBP. The accuracy and resolution of the solutions is discussed. Furthermore, regions are identified where the restricted inversion is consistent with the full inversion, and where the results show strong hydrological signals

Экскурсионная деятельность как актуальный способ развития туризма в г. Новосибирске

Последнее десятилетие в Российской Федерации возрос интерес правительства в комплексном развитии туризма: как во всем государстве, так и в отдельных регионах. Для качественного развития массового въездного и внутреннего туризма в регионах России, в частности в городе Новосибирске, необходимо уделить отдельное внимание экскурсионному обслуживанию. Именно обзорные экскурсии создают первое впечатление о городе у его гостей. От экскурсионной деятельности во многом зависит как воспримут туристы посещаемые места, захотят ли побывать в них еще раз. Поэтому целью моей работы является разработка пакета экскурсионных маршрутов по принципу Hop-on Hop-off для туристов по городу Новосибирску.The last decade in the Russian Federation has increased the interest of the government in the integrated development of tourism: both in the whole state and in certain regions. For the qualitative development of mass inbound and domestic tourism in the regions of Russia, in particular in the city of Novosibirsk, it is necessary to pay special attention to excursion services. It is the sightseeing tours that create the first impression of the city at its guests. From the excursion activity in many respects depends on how the tourists will perceive the places visited, whether they will want to visit them again. Therefore the purpose of my work is elaboration of a package of sightseeing routes on the principle of Hop-on Hop-off for tourists around the city of Novosibirsk

Aggregation of bead-monolayers in flat microfluidic chambers - simulation by the model of porous media

In this paper, we for the first time simulate the process of hydrodynamic bead aggregation in a flat micro-fluidic chamber by a porous-media model in an iterative routine. This allows us to optimize the chamber design of our recently developed experimental method to form periodical monolayers from the flow of bead suspension. Periodical monolayers are advantageous for parallel assay formats since they enhance the mechanical rigidity of the aggregated pattern. This is important to avoid a spatial rearrangement along various steps of a read-out procedure which would impair the correlation between measurements. Furthermore, the monolayer formation guarantees the individual optical accessibility of all probe beads. By modelling the monolayers with porous media, we can drastically reduce the degrees of freedom in a two-phase, multi-particle problem. This way, we are able to compute stationary hydrodynamic flow patterns in the chamber. In order to simulate the complete filling process from these stationary solutions, we developed an iterative master routine which takes the transient aggregation pattern as the initial condition, then evaluates the placement of the newly introduced beads, and finally converts the points of aggregation into porous media

Summary of Milestones 2030 : Elements and milestones for the development of a stable and sustainable bioenergy strategy

This publication is the English version of the summary of the German report „Meilensteine 2030“ (THRÄN et al. 2015) which is published in the series of the funding programme “Biomass energy use”. The report describes elements and milestones for the development of a stable and sustainable bioenergy strategy

Exploiting the glioblastoma peptidome to discover novel tumour-associated antigens for immunotherapy

Peptides presented at the cell surface reflect the protein content of the cell; those on HLA class I molecules comprise the critical peptidome elements interacting with CD8 T lymphocytes. We hypothesize that peptidomes from ex vivo tumour samples encompass immunogenic tumour antigens. Here, we uncover >6000 HLA-bound peptides from HLA-A*02+ glioblastoma, of which over 3000 were restricted by HLA-A*02. We prioritized in-depth investigation of 10 glioblastoma-associated antigens based on high expression in tumours, very low or absent expression in healthy tissues, implication in gliomagenesis and immunogenicity. Patients with glioblastoma showed no T cell tolerance to these peptides. Moreover, we demonstrated specific lysis of tumour cells by patients' CD8+ T cells in vitro. In vivo, glioblastoma-specific CD8+ T cells were present at the tumour site. Overall, our data show the physiological relevance of the peptidome approach and provide a critical advance for designing a rational glioblastoma immunotherapy. The peptides identified in our study are currently being tested as a multipeptide vaccine (IMA950) in patients with glioblastom

Meilensteine 2030: Elemente und Meilensteine für die Entwicklung einer tragfähigen und nachhaltigen Bioenergiestrategie : Endbericht zu FKZ 03KB065, FKZ 03MAP230

In einer weitgehend auf erneuerbaren Energien fußenden Energieversorgung in Deutschland muss Bioenergie künftig die Lücken füllen, die nicht aus anderen Quellen gespeist werden können – diese These hat die Diskussion um Bioenergie im beginnenden 21. Jahrhundert stark bestimmt (BARZANTNY et al., 2009; KIRCHNER & MATTHES, 2009; SaCHVERSTÄNDIGENRAT FÜR UMWELTFRAGEN, 2011; SCHLESINGER et al., 2010, 2011). Dabei gibt es sowohl starke Argumente für den flexiblen Einsatz im Strombereich als auch für ausgewählte Kraftstoffpfade (z. B. Schwerlastverkehr, Schifffahrt, Flugverkehr), während im Wärmebereich Bioenergie als gut durch alternative erneuerbare Versorgungskonzepte ersetzbar gilt. Jedoch hat sich auch gezeigt, dass Biomasse zwar regenerativ, jedoch für den konkreten Zeitraum und unter Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten nur begrenzt verfügbar ist. Künftig wird erwartet, dass der Bedarf an Nahrungs- und Futtermitteln wie auch für die stoffliche Nutzung steigt. Damit wird eine Priorisierung der Einsatzbereiche für den weiteren Ausbau zunehmend notwendig (BMVBS, 2010; THRÄN et al., 2011; KOALITIONSVERTRAG, 2013; MAJER et al., 2013). Es herrscht Einigkeit, dass Bioenergienutzung im Einklang mit den Zielen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung stehen muss und insbesondere gegenüber der Ernährungssicherung nachrangig ist, dass die Nutzung zunehmend an den Erfordernissen des Energiesystems ausgerichtet sein müssen und dass nur bei stetiger Weiterentwicklung der Technologien ein angemessener Beitrag der Bioenergie erreicht werden kann. Auch scheint es sinnvoll, dass man – vor dem Hintergrund der vielfältigen aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich der regenerativen, nicht-biogenen Energietechnologien und Energieträger – Bioenergiestrategien favorisiert, die geringe Pfadabhängigkeiten aufweisen und z. B. Technologiekonzepte berücksichtigen, die sowohl im Strom- / Wärme-Bereich als auch im Kraftstoffsektor genutzt werden können

Metabonomic fingerprints of fasting plasma and spot urine reveal human pre-diabetic metabolic traits

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) which precedes overt type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for decades is associated with multiple metabolic alterations in insulin sensitive tissues. In an UPLC-qTOF-mass spectrometry-driven non-targeted metabonomics approach we investigated plasma as well as spot urine of 51 non-diabetic, overnight fasted individuals aiming to separate subjects with IGT from controls thereby identify pathways affected by the pre-diabetic metabolic state. We could clearly demonstrate that normal glucose tolerant (NGT) and IGT subjects clustered in two distinct groups independent of the investigated metabonome. These findings reflect considerable differences in individual metabolite fingerprints, both in plasma and urine. Pre-diabetes associated alterations in fatty acid-, tryptophan-, uric acid-, bile acid-, and lysophosphatidylcholine-metabolism, as well as the TCA cycle were identified. Of note, individuals with IGT also showed decreased levels of gut flora-associated metabolites namely hippuric acid, methylxanthine, methyluric acid, and 3-hydroxyhippuric acid. The findings of our non-targeted UPLC-qTOF-MS metabonomics analysis in plasma and spot urine of individuals with IGT vs NGT offers novel insights into the metabolic alterations occurring in the long, asymptomatic period preceding the manifestation of T2DM thereby giving prospects for new intervention targets

Medium Chain Acylcarnitines Dominate the Metabolite Pattern in Humans under Moderate Intensity Exercise and Support Lipid Oxidation

Background: Exercise is an extreme physiological challenge for skeletal muscle energy metabolism and has notable health benefits. We aimed to identify and characterize metabolites, which are components of the regulatory network mediating the beneficial metabolic adaptation to exercise