Review of Klippenstein\u27s Peace and War, Mennonite Conscientious Objectors in Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union before World War II, and other COs in Eastern Europe

Review of Lawrence Klippenstein, Peace and War, Mennonite Conscientious Objectors in Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union before World War II, and other COs in Eastern Europe, Winnipeg, MB. 2017. 367pp. $30.00 including postage outside Canada

Investigation of an anomalous flow condition of the Langley pilot model expansion tube

Free-stream flow velocity measurements were made in the Langley pilot model expansion tube during the test flow interval. During this interval, an anomalous dip in pitot pressure occurs for the expansion tube operating conditions employed. Within the test flow interval, the main conclusions reached from comparison of the measured flow velocity, pitot pressure, and tube wall pressure are: the variations which occur in velocity and wall pressure are small compared with the variations in pitot pressure; a corresponding dip in the derived flow density is associated with the dip in pitot pressure; and the value of the average density over the interval, which results from the expansion from the shocked intermediate chamber condition, is approximately one-half of the value that can result from only an isentropic process

A review of type Ia supernova spectra

SN 2011fe was the nearest and best-observed type Ia supernova in a generation, and brought previous incomplete datasets into sharp contrast with the detailed new data. In retrospect, documenting spectroscopic behaviors of type Ia supernovae has been more often limited by sparse and incomplete temporal sampling than by consequences of signal-to-noise ratios, telluric features, or small sample sizes. As a result, type Ia supernovae have been primarily studied insofar as parameters discretized by relative epochs and incomplete temporal snapshots near maximum light. Here we discuss a necessary next step toward consistently modeling and directly measuring spectroscopic observables of type Ia supernova spectra. In addition, we analyze current spectroscopic data in the parameter space defined by empirical metrics, which will be relevant even after progenitors are observed and detailed models are refined.Comment: 58 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in Ap&SS as an invited revie

Examining the PM6 semiempirical method for pKa prediction across a wide range of oxyacids

The pK~a~ estimation ability of the semiempirical PM6 method was evaluated across a broad range of oxyacids and compared to results obtained using the SPARC software program. Compound classes under consideration included acetic acids, alicyclic and aromatic heterocyclic acids, benzoic acids, boronic acids, hydroxamic acids, oximes, peroxides, peroxyacids, phenols, α-saturated acids, α-saturated alcohols, sulfinic acids, α-unsaturated acids, and α-unsaturated alcohols. PM6 accurately predicts the acidity of acetic and benzoic acids and their derivatives, but is less reliable for alicyclic and aromatic heterocyclic acids and phenols. α-Saturated acids are reliably modeled by PM6 except for polyacid derivatives with α-alcohol moieties. α-Saturated alcohols only appear to yield reliable PM6 results where an α-hydroxy or α-alkoxy moiety is absent. Carboxylic acids with simple α-alkene unsaturation are well approximated by PM6 except where alkyne α-unsaturation or α-carboxylation are also present. The PM6 and SPARC methods exhibit approximately equal pKa prediction performance for the acetic, alicyclic, and benzoic acids. SPARC outperforms PM6 on the peroxides, peroxyacids, phenols, and α-saturated acids and α-saturated alcohols. pKa values for boron, nitrogen, and sulfur oxyacids do not appear to be reliably estimated by either the PM6 or SPARC methods. The findings will help guide the potential appropriateness of results from the PM6 pK~a~ estimation method for waste treatment and environmental fate investigations

Extending the semi-empirical PM6 method for carbon oxyacid pKa prediction to sulfonic acids: Application towards congener-specific estimates for the environmentally and toxicologically relevant C1 through C8 perfluoroalkyl derivatives

A positive bias in the semi-empirical PM6 method for estimating pKa values of sulfonic acids was corrected by a correlation developed between non-adjusted PM6 pKa values and the corresponding experimentally obtained/estimated acidity constants for a range of representative alkyl, aryl, and halogen substituted sulfonic acids. Application of this correction to PM6 values allows for extension of this computational method to a new acid functional group

Abishiktananda: Hindu Advaitic Experience and Christian Beliefs

Dom Henri Le Saux (Abhishiktananda) was a Roman Catholic priest who attempted to integrate the Hindu advaitic experience of the Self with his beliefs as a Christian. From the time he arrived in India in 1948 to his death in 1973, there was a radical change in Abhishiktananda\u27s religious beliefs. The change in beliefs was as a result of his advaitic experiences. His certainty in the truth of the experiences increased over time. In an early Journal entry he speaks of his anguish and fear, a fear of risking eternity for an experience that might be only a mirage. By 1972, however, Abhishiktananda was absolutely convinced of the truth of his experience. he wrote in his journal, The experience of the Upanishads is true. I know it

FAMILY AND FRIENDS OF CANCER PATIENTS: PROBLEMS IN SOCIAL SUPPORT.

Most of the literature on the stress associated with the support of cancer patients is anecdotal and speculative. This study sought to systematically explore problems is giving support. A total of 157 family members and friends of cancer patients were involved; most were administered a questionnaire while waiting for patients undergoing radiation or chemotherapy treatment at a local clinic. The first objective was to identify some of the broader dimensions underlying specific support problems and to develop an instrument to tap these dimensions. Items generated by a literature review were presented to over 500 subjects. Through factor analysis, three basic dimensions were isolated: Affect Arousal, Task Ambiguity, and Personal Cost. These dimensions appeared consistently across the four types of support examined: Practical Help, Emotional Expression, Advice and Guidance, and Empathic Understanding. The questionnaire also included items tapping contextual or background variables, network characteristics, and satisfaction with support given in each domain. The second objective involved the examination of differences in support problems by type of support. For all four types of support, the ambiguity of the support task was most important, followed by personal cost. Affect arousal was found to be less salient in constraining support given. This was in contrast to many observations which cite the importance of negative emotional response in the experience of support problems. The third objective involved exploration of the correlates of support problems and of satisfaction with support given. Disease characteristics were not found to be particularly significant. An important demographic variable was age of the support person, with younger support persons experiencing more problems and less satisfaction with support given. The emotional reactions of the patient and the degree of involvement with the patient were both related to support problems and satisfaction. The effects of self-involvement and emotional reactions were less predictive for the immediate family than for friends and relatives. More distant, less involved support persons experienced more difficulties and les satisfaction. Contrary to expectations, the network was related to problems and satisfaction experienced. A higher number of relatives and friends in the community was associated with the perception of more support problems, particularly for younger support persons.Dept. of Psychology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1984 .F754. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 46-02, Section: B, page: 0639. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1984

Local adaptation drives the diversification of effectors in the fungal wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum in the United States

Filamentous fungi rapidly evolve in response to environmental selection pressures in part due to their genomic plasticity. Parastagonospora nodorum, a fungal pathogen of wheat and causal agent of septoria nodorum blotch, responds to selection pressure exerted by its host, influencing the gain, loss, or functional diversification of virulence determinants, known as effector genes. Whole genome resequencing of 197 P. nodorum isolates collected from spring, durum, and winter wheat production regions of the United States enabled the examination of effector diversity and genomic regions under selection specific to geographically discrete populations. 1,026,859 SNPs/InDels were used to identify novel loci, as well as SnToxA and SnTox3 as factors in disease. Genes displaying presence/absence variation, predicted effector genes, and genes localized on an accessory chromosome had significantly higher pN/pS ratios, indicating a higher rate of sequence evolution. Population structure analyses indicated two P. nodorum populations corresponding to the Upper Midwest (Population 1) and Southern/Eastern United States (Population 2). Prevalence of SnToxA varied greatly between the two populations which correlated with presence of the host sensitivity gene Tsn1 in the most prevalent cultivars in the corresponding regions. Additionally, 12 and 5 candidate effector genes were observed to be under diversifying selection among isolates from Population 1 and 2, respectively, but under purifying selection or neutrally evolving in the opposite population. Selective sweep analysis revealed 10 and 19 regions that had recently undergone positive selection in Population 1 and 2, respectively, involving 92 genes in total. When comparing genes with and without presence/absence variation, those genes exhibiting this variation were significantly closer to transposable elements. Taken together, these results indicate that P. nodorum is rapidly adapting to distinct selection pressures unique to spring and winter wheat production regions by rapid adaptive evolution and various routes of genomic diversification, potentially facilitated through transposable element activity