Emotion Displays in Media: A Comparison between American, Romanian, and Turkish Children’s Storybooks

Children\u27s books may provide an important resource of culturally appropriate emotions. This study investigates emotion displays in children\u27s storybooks for preschoolers from Romania, Turkey, and the US in order to analyze culture norms of emotions. We derived some hypotheses by referring to cross-cultural studies about emotion and emotion socialization. For such media analyses, the frequency rate of certain emotion displays can be seen as an indicator for the salience of the specific emotion. We expected that all children\u27s storybooks would highlight dominantly positive emotions and that US children\u27s storybooks would display negative powerful emotions (e.g., anger) more often and negative powerless emotions (e.g., sadness) less often than Turkish and Romanian storybooks. We also predicted that the positive and negative powerful emotion expressions would be more intense in the US storybooks compared to the other storybooks. Finally, we expected that social context (ingroup/outgroup) may affect the intensity emotion displays more in Turkish and Romanian storybooks compared to US storybooks. Illustrations in 30 popular children\u27s storybooks (10 for each cultural group) were coded. Results mostly confirmed the hypotheses but also pointed to differences between Romanian and Turkish storybooks. Overall, the study supports the conclusion that culture-specific emotion norms are reflected in media to which young children are exposed

DLTS investigations on CIGS solar cells from an inline co-evaporation system with RbF post-deposition treatment

In this study, Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements have been performed on Cu(In,Ga)Se$_{2}$ (CIGS) solar cells from an inline co-evaporation system. The focus of this investigation is directed on the effect of rubidium-fluoride (RbF)-post-deposition treatment (PDT) on the defects in the CIGS absorber layer. Different traps can be identified and their properties are calculated. Herein, different methods of evaluations have been used to verify the results. Specifically, one minority trap around 400 meV was found to show a significant reduction of the trap density due to the alkali treatment. In contrast, a majority trap at approximately 600 meV is unaffected

Metal hydrides for concentrating solar thermal power energy storage

The development of alternative methods for thermal energy storage is important for improving the efficiency and decreasing the cost for Concentrating Solar-thermal Power (CSP). We focus on the underlying technology that allows metal hydrides to function as Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems and highlight the current state-of-the-art materials that can operate at temperatures as low as room-temperature and as high as 1100 oC. The potential of metal hydrides for thermal storage is explored while current knowledge gaps about hydride properties, such as hydride thermodynamics, intrinsic kinetics and cyclic stability, are identified. The engineering challenges associated with utilising metal hydrides for high-temperature thermal energy storage are also addressed

Values’ family flow: associations between grandparents, parents and adolescent children

The present study analyzed cross-generational trends in values and family patterns of value association across three generations (grandparents, parents and children). In this study, 101 family triads with adolescent children (N = 303) completed questionnaires assessing personal values. Grandparents’ values (Generation 1) were measured through parents’ perceptions of their own parents. In general, parents prioritize collectivist values, and there is an increased focus on individualist values across generations. Fathers’ individualist values mediate the relationship between their perceptions of grandfathers’ individualist values and grandchildren’s individualist values. There is no family association of collectivist values. The article outlines the implications of the increasing adherence to individualism and hypothesizes that the adherence of individualist values across families with adolescent children is a pathway to maintenance of family cohesion and cooperation. The role of fathers and the paternal lineage on adolescents’ acquisition of values are discussed.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia [grant number SFRH/BD/62182/200