Health System Resilience: What Are We Talking About? A Scoping Review Mapping Characteristics and Keywords

Background: Health systems are based on 6 functions that need to work together at all times to effectively deliver safe and quality health services. These functions are vulnerable to shocks and changes; if a health system is unable to withstand the pressure from a shock, it may cease to function or collapse. The concept of resilience has been introduced with the goal of strengthening health systems to avoid disruption or collapse. The concept is new within health systems research, and no common description exists to describe its meaning. The aim of this study is to summarize and characterize the existing descriptions of health system resilience to improve understanding of the concept.Methods and Analysis: A scoping review was undertaken to identify the descriptions and characteristics of health system resilience. Four databases and gray literature were searched using the keywords “health system” and “resilience” for published documents that included descriptions, frameworks or characteristics of health system resilience. Additional documents were identified from reference lists. Four expert consultations were conducted to gain a broader perspective. Descriptions were analysed by studying the frequency of key terms and were characterized by using the World Health Organization (WHO) health system framework. The scoping review identified eleven sources with descriptions and 24 sources that presented characteristics of health system resilience. Frequently used terms that were identified in the literature were shock, adapt, maintain, absorb and respond. Change and learning were also identified when combining the findings from the descriptions, characteristics and expert consultations. Leadership and governance were recognized as the most important building block for creating health system resilience.Discussion: No single description of health system resilience was used consistently. A variation was observed on how resilience is described and to what depth it was explained in the existing literature. The descriptions of health system resilience primarily focus on major shocks. Adjustments to long-term changes and the element of learning should be considered for a better understating of health system resilience

Impact of including maritime transport in the EU ETS

https://commons.wmu.se/lib_reports/1088/thumbnail.jp

Assessing Shipping Induced Emissions Impact on Air Quality with Various Techniques : Initial Results of the SCIPPER project

This paper presents the methods deployed by the Horizon 2O2O SCIPPER project to characterize emission performance of vebels, mainly under the perspective of checking compliance to new emissions regulations. Various on-board and remote measurement techniques have been demonstrated within five experimental campaigns conducted at Europe's main sea areas and ports. Almost a thousand of ship plumes has been measured and crobed checked with various instrumentation, revealing the emission profile of ships during actual operation Accuracy of each measurement technique was also tested. Emission measurements are further exploited to abess the impact of shipping on air quality of coastal areas, by identifying the transformations of pollutants performed in the atmosphere as plume evolves and quantifying onshore pollutants concentrations attributed to shipping activity.Peer reviewe

Totalresultatet ur ett annat perspektiv -En studie om Latour

Purpose Based on the new comprehensive income due to changes in IAS 1, the authors aim to describe how a listed corporate accounting is affected by IAS 1 and the new income statement. Methodology This study uses an inductive approach with a combination of qualitative and quantitative data, using financial rapports from the investment company Latour. This case study is based on Latour’s all published financial statements under the period 2008 to 2012. Result The study resulted in different observations of Latour's operational and financial performance, share price trends as well as ratios. The study's authors can see that Latour's net income and comprehensive income differ due to changes in IAS 1. They can also observe the effect of clean surplus in Latour’s income statement. Latour’s comprehensive income has been affected by the market and the P/E ratio based on comprehensive income appeared to be more attractive to investors during periods in bull markets compared to the P/E ratio based on net income. Discussion The study's authors argue that Latour's income statement has gone from being business-based to market-based. The authors believe that it would be interesting to see if the overall result has similar effects on other businesses engaged in a different business than Latour

The paradox of the Swedish GAAP : – A study of effects on Swedish companies during the K-project implementation.

Syfte: Med utgångspunkt i frågan om K-projektet innebär en förenkling för företag i Sverige är studiens syfte att utvärdera effekter på svenska företag under K-projektets implementering. Metod: Studien använder en induktiv ansats där en egen forskningsdesign med en kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod används för att med revisionsarvodets utveckling och tidigare studier studera effekter på svenska företag under tiden K-projektet implementeras. Resultat: Resultatet av studien visar två effekter, aggregerat revisionsarvode och, från 16 tidigare studier, respondenters uppfattningar om K-projektet innebär en förenkling. Revisionsarvodet har ökat under perioden 2001-2010. Trots att effekter så som inflation och ökad kundstock har justerats bort, ser vi en markant kostnadsökning för revision för svenska företag samtidigt som de tidigare studiernas respondenter inte anser att K-projektet innebär en förenkling. I denna studie har 10 av 23 uppfattningar tolkats som förenklande, medan 13 uppfattningar har tolkats som komplicerade. Dessa tolkningar mäts i en analys som visar värdet 4,35 på en 10-gradig skala där 10 innebär att samtliga tolkningar tyder på att K-projektet innebär en förenkling. Resultatet innebär att det är färre än hälften av respondenterna som uppfattar K-reglerna som förenklande. Slutsatser: Studiens författare menar att revisionskostnaderna för svenska företag påverkats i positiv riktning efter det att K-projektet implementerades 2005. Det går inte med denna studie bestämt säga att ökningen av revisionsarvodet beror på K-projektet, utan denna studie visar snarare en indikation på att förenklingsåtgärderna inte är tillräckliga. Tidigare studiers respondenter tycker till övervägande del inte att K-reglerna har inneburit förenklingar i så stor grad.Purpose: Based on the question if the Swedish K-project is a simplification for companies in Sweden, the purpose of this study is to evaluate effects on Swedish companies during the K-project implementation. Methodology: This study uses an inductive approach in which one's own research design with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, using the development of the audit fee and earlier reports to study the effects on Swedish companies during the time the K-project is implemented. Result: The results of this study show two effects, aggregated audit fees and 16 previous studies, respondents' perceptions if the K-project provides a simplification. Audit fees have increased over the period 2001-2010. Although effects such as inflation and increased customer base has been adjusted away, we see a noticeable increase for audit costs for Swedish companies, while the earlier studies perceptions of the K-project does not consider the K-project as a simplification. Conclusion: The authors of this study believe that the audit costs for Swedish companies have been affected in a positive direction after the K-Project was implemented in 2005. It is not possible with this study specifically say that the increase in the audit fee depends on the K-project. This study shows rather an indication that the simplification measures are not sufficient. Earlier studies respondents think for the most part that the K-rules not has led to simplifications to the greatest extent

Modell för behovsinventering

Projektet Modell för behovsinventering fokuserar på hur landets lärosäten, i dialog med andra aktörer, med större precision ska utveckla kunskap för att tillgodose behov av högre utbildning. Behovsinventering syftar till att understödja beslut vid prioritering av att tillgängliggöra efterfrågestyrt utbildningsutbud

Criminal behavior in antisocial substance abusers between five and fifteen years follow-up

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is one of the most common co-occurring disorders in substance abusers, characterized among other things by a high propensity for criminal actions. A cohort of 125 substance abusers were followed in a longitudinal design. Patients were diagnosed with ASPD at an index treatment episode, interviewed at five-year follow-up, and followed-up through the Swedish criminal justice register by 2005 for the years 1995-2003. ASPD and non-ASPD subjects were compared using Mann Whitney U test for ordinal variables (number of offenses and months in prison) and chi-square tests for categorical variables. A total of 107 were alive by 1995, when the period of observation began. ASPD diagnosed at baseline was related to criminal offenses and incarceration during the follow-up from 5 to 15 years. For most categories, ASPD diagnosis was associated with higher frequency of offense. An ASPD diagnosis based on SCID-H interview made at five-year follow-up was related to the number of offenses but unrelated to incarceration. In a sample of drug abusers, ASPD was associated with high levels of criminal behavior, even years after the diagnosis was given. A diagnosis based on clinical observation during treatment was at least as predictive of criminal behavior as a diagnosis based on a SCID-II interview

Sammanfattning av KTH:s e-lärandeenkät 2013

QC 20180226</p

Sammanfattning av KTH:s e-lärandeenkät 2013

QC 20180226</p

Sammanfattning av KTH:s e-lärandeenkät 2013

QC 20180226</p