16 research outputs found

    Law Libraries and Laboratories: The Legacies of Langdell and His Metaphor

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    Law Librarians and others have often referred to Harvard Law School Dean C.C. Langdell’s statements that the law library is the lawyer’s laboratory. Professor Danner examines the context of what Langdell through his other writings, the educational environment at Harvard in the late nineteenth century, and the changing perceptions of university libraries generally. He then considers how the “laboratory metaphor” has been applied by librarians and legal scholars during the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. The article closes with thoughts on Langdell’s legacy for law librarians and the usefulness of the laboratory metaphor

    De fysiska inomhusmiljöerna pÄ fritidshem : En intervjustudie om hur sex fritidspedagoger beskriver den fysiska inomhusmiljön pÄ deras fritidshem

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    Syftet med studien Àr att utifrÄn fritidspedagogernas beskrivningar undersöka hur de fysiska inomhusmiljöerna Àr utformade pÄ sex fritidshem. Första frÄgestÀllningen Àr hur beskriver fritidspedagoger att den fysiska inomhusmiljön Àr utformad pÄ deras fritidshem? Den andra Àr vilka pedagogiska stÀllningstaganden ligger till grund för utformningen av den fysiska inomhusmiljön? Den tredje frÄgestÀllningen Àr vad beskriver fritidspedagogerna att de vill Àndra pÄ i den fysiska inomhusmiljön pÄ deras fritidshem? Det sociokulturella perspektivet har varit utgÄngspunkten för studien. Det sociokulturella perspektivet belyser att barnen utvecklas och lÀr sig i den kontext de befinner sig i och med hjÀlp av stödstrukturer. Fritidspedagogerna kan utforma stödstrukturerna pÄ fritidshemmen genom att exempelvis ha material tillgÀngligt för barnen sÄ att barnen sjÀlva kan ta frÄn materialet. För att komma fram till resultatet har vi anvÀnt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer som spelades in. De Àgde rum pÄ sex olika fritidshem utifrÄn ett mÄlinriktat urval. Resultatet visar att de sex fritidshemmens fysiska inomhusmiljö Àr olika utformade och att de har olika förutsÀttningar gÀllande lokaler. Den större delen av fritidspedagogerna berÀttar att de har egna lokaler sÄ att de kan utforma den fysiska inomhusmiljön efter sin verksamhet. Alla fritidshemmen har olika pedagogiska aspekter och en sak som de flesta har gemensamt var att de har placerat material pÄ barnens nivÄ. Det framkom att de vill Àndra pÄ olika saker men det var nÄgra saker som var gemensamt som exempelvis att de vill har fler rum

    Media talks : book talks based on digital media

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    This is a quantitative study with qualitative elements which investigates if, and in that case how, preschool teachers in a Swedish medium-sized municipality are working with, and thinking about media talks - book talks when it comes to other media types than physical books.  The method consists of a quantitative strategy based on a semi-structured survey, sent out to the preschool teachers of the municipality.  The result shows that the preschool teachers in general have a positive attitude towards media talks and that the majority already uses it. One thing that the preschool teachers consistently emphasized was the importance of conversation and interaction, which form the basis of both media talks and in the socio-cultural perspective.Detta Àr en kvantitativ studie med kvalitativa inslag som undersöker om, och i sÄ fall hur, pedagoger i en medelstor svensk kommun arbetar med, och tÀnker kring mediesamtal - boksamtal nÀr det handlar om andra medier Àn fysiska böcker.  Metoden bestÄr av en kvantitativ strategi som baseras pÄ semistrukturerade enkÀter som skickats ut till kommunens pedagoger.  Resultatet pÄvisar att pedagogerna överlag Àr positiva till mediesamtal och att merparten ser att de redan anvÀnder sig av det. NÄgot pedagogerna genomgÄende lyfte var samtalets och samspelets viktiga funktion, vilket Àr grunden i bÄde mediesamtal och i det sociokulturella perspektivet

    Antigen Transfer from Exosomes to Dendritic Cells as an Explanation for the Immune Enhancement Seen by IgE Immune Complexes

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    IgE antigen complexes induce increased specific T cell proliferation and increased specific IgG production. Immediately after immunization, CD23(+) B cells capture IgE antigen complexes, transport them to the spleen where, via unknown mechanisms, dendritic cells capture the antigen and present it to T cells. CD23, the low affinity IgE receptor, binds IgE antigen complexes and internalizes them. In this study, we show that these complexes are processed onto B-cell derived exosomes (bexosomes) in a CD23 dependent manner. The bexosomes carry CD23, IgE and MHC II and stimulate antigen specific T-cell proliferation in vitro. When IgE antigen complex stimulated bexosomes are incubated with dendritic cells, dendritic cells induce specific T-cell proliferation in vivo, similar to IgE antigen complexes. This suggests that bexosomes can provide the essential transfer mechanism for IgE antigen complexes from B cells to dendritic cells

    01_A_S3A_069

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    ΚωΎÎčÎșός τΔÎșÎŒÎ·ÏÎŻÎżÏ…: 01_A_S3A_069-019. Î•ÎŻÎŽÎżÏ‚ τΔÎșÎŒÎ·ÏÎŻÎżÏ…: SLIDES 10Χ12,5 Χ 1 ΚΑΡΕ - Î•Î“Î§ÎĄÎ©ÎœÎ‘. Î‘ÎœÎźÎșΔÎč σΔ: 01_A_S3A_069 - ΚΟ΄΀Ι "ΔΙΑΩΑΝΕΙΕΣ ΜΕΓ.

    Increased <i>in vivo</i> T proliferation with <i>i.v</i>. injected DCs incubated with bexosomes.

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    <p><i>In vitro</i> differentiated LPS activated DCs were incubated with bexosomes stimulated with IgE/Ag ICs plus 10 ”gOVA, 10 ”gOVA or 300 ”g OVA for three days. DCs were harvested and equivalent cells were injected into mice AT with DO11 cells. Spleens were assessed by flow cytometry on Day 3. Percent DO11TgTCR+ cells out of total CD4+ T cells were plotted. *p>0.05; n = 5 per group.</p

    IgE and CD23 are associated with bexosomes.

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    <p>(A) Bexosomes were isolated from B cell cultures stimulated with anti-CD40± IL-4 or IgE as indicated. 1.2511 fold increase ±0.177SD between lanes three and four. Equal bexosome protein was loaded on each lane and the blot was probed with polyclonal anti-CD23. Blot was probed with anti-MHC class II or anti-CD9and the result is shown at the bottom of (A). (B) Exosomes from B cell cultures stimulated with anti-CD40 and IgE (All lanes). IL-4 stimulation is as indicated. Lanes 1 and 2 are bexosomes from WT mice, Lanes, 3 and 4 are bexosomes from CD23<sup>−/−</sup> mice. Blots are representative of at least three independent experiments. (C) Graph represents fold difference in densitometry between anti-CD23 blots for anti-CD40/IL4 and anti-CD40/IL4/IgE.</p
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