Reducción de la proteína bruta en la dieta de pollos criollos de engorde en un sistema semi-intensivo

Objective. To evaluate the reduction of crude protein levels of free-range chickens, of one at 42 days old. Materials and methods. Two trials were performed comprising the initial phase (one to 21 days) and growth (22 to 42 days). A total of 630 male chicks of the Redbro line of one day old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 21 birds each, totaling 30 experimental units consisting of a shelter area and corrals. The levels reduced of crude protein for the initial phase were: 21.5, 21.0, 20.5, 20.0 and 19.5% and for the growth phase: 19.0, 18.5, 18.0, 17.5 and 17.0%. In all the treatments were maintained the minimum ratio between essential amino acids and lysine. The performance characteristics evaluated were: weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC). Results. There was no effect (p>0.05) of the crude protein reduction for any of the variables in all phases, except for feed conversion (p<0.05) that improved with 18.20% in the growth phase. Conclusions. Crude protein levels for chickens of the Redbro line, can be reduced to 19.5% and 18.2% for the initial and growth phases, respectively, provided that the ideal amino acid ratios are maintained with digestible lysine and meet the requirements of limiting amino acids.Objetivo. Evaluar la reducción de los niveles de proteína bruta sin alterar la relación de aminoácidos esenciales en pollos de engorde criollos de uno a 42 días de edad. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron dos ensayos que comprendieron la fase inicial (un a 21 días) y crecimiento (22 a 42 días). Se utilizaron 630 pollos de la línea Redbro de un día de edad, distribuidos en un diseño completamente  al azar, con cinco tratamientos y seis repeticiones de 21 aves cada una, totalizando 30 unidades experimentales distribuidas en corrales con buen  abrigo. Los niveles reducidos de la proteína bruta para la fase inicial fueron: 21.5; 21.0; 20.5; 20.0 y 19.5% y para la fase de crecimiento: 19.0; 18.5; 18.0; 17.5 y 17.0%. En todos los tratamientos se mantuvo la proporción mínima entre aminoácidos esenciales y lisina. Las características de desempeño evaluadas fueron: ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y conversión alimenticia.  Resultados. No hubo diferencia (p>0.05) en la reducción de proteína bruta para ninguna de las fases, excepto para conversión alimenticia (p<0.05) en la fase de crecimiento que mejoró con 18.2% de proteína bruta. Conclusiones. Los niveles de proteína bruta para pollos criollos de engorde de la línea Redbro, pueden ser reducidos a 19.5 y 18.2% para la fases inicial y de crecimiento, respectivamente, siempre y cuando se mantengan las relaciones adecuadas de aminoácidos con lisina digestible y se atiendan las exigencias de los aminoácidos limitantes

Performance of meat-type quails subjected the different levels of crude protein and metabolizable energy

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de codornas de corte, submetidas a diferentes n?veis de prote?na bruta (PB) e energia metaboliz?vel (EM). Avaliaram-se 720 codornas distribu?das em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (5x3), com cinco n?veis de PB (18, 20, 22, 24 e 26%) e tr?s n?veis de EM (2700, 2900 e 3100kcal kg-1). As an?lises foram realizadas utilizando-se o programa SAEG (2007). No per?odo inicial, houve efeito quadr?tico da PB e EM sobre o consumo de ra??o (CR), efeito quadr?tico da PB e linear da EM sobre o peso corporal (PC), efeito linear da intera??o EM e PB sobre o ganho de peso (GP) e convers?o alimentar (CA). No crescimento, efeito quadr?tico da EM e PB sobre o CR, efeito linear da EM e PB sobre o PC e CA, efeito quadr?tico da PB e linear da EM sobre o GP. Na termina??o, efeito linear da EM e PB sobre o CR, PC e CA, efeito linear e quadr?tico da EM e PB sobre GP. Na fase inicial, recomenda-se 26% de PB e 3100kcal EM kg-1. Para a fase de crescimento, sugere-se 3100kcal EM kg-1 e 23% de PB, j?, para a fase de termina??o, recomenda-se 26% de PB e 3100kcal EM kg-1.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Aimed to evaluate the performance of meat-type quails, exposed to different levels of crude protein (PB) and metabolizable energy (EM). We evaluated 720 quails distributed in randomized blocks design, in (5x3) factorial scheme, with five levels of PB (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26%) and three levels of EM (2700, 2900 and 3100kcal kg-1). Analyses were performed using the program SAEG (2007). In the initial period, there was a quadratic effect of PB and EM on the feed intake (CR), quadratic effect of PB and linear of EM about body weight (PC), linear effect of interaction of PB and EM about weight gain (GP) and feed conversion (CA). Growth, quadratic effect of EM and PB about CR, linear effect of PB and EM on the PC and CA, quadratic effect of PB and linear effect of EM about GP. Upon termination, linear effect of EM and PB about CR, PC and CA, linear and quadratic effect of EM and PB about GP. In the initial phase, it is recommended 26% of PB and 3100kcal EM kg-1. For the growth phase, it is suggested, 3100kcal EM kg-1 and 23% of PB, as for the finishing phase is recommended 26% of PB and 3100kcal EM kg-1

Digestibility of crambe meal for broilers chickens

Todos os textos, informa??es e resultados apresentados s?o de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.Ag?ncia financiadora para realiza??o desse trabalho: Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG).Foi realizado um experimento na sala de ensaios metab?licos com o objetivo de avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade (CD) da mat?ria seca (MS), prote?na bruta (PB), mat?ria mineral (MM) e a energia metaboliz?vel aparente (EMA) do farelo de crambe para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 140 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb com 14 dias de idade, alimentados com uma ra??o refer?ncia (RR) e uma ra??o teste (RT) RR + 20% inclus?o do farelo de crambe, com sete repeti??es cada. Utilizou-se o m?todo de coleta total de excretas sendo cinco dias para adapta??o ?s gaiolas e ?s ra??es e cinco para coleta de excretas. Os valores CDMS, CDPB, CDMM e EMA do farelo de crambe foram: 69,14; 60,38; 58,86% e 2262 kcal na MS do alimento, respectivamente.An experiment was conducted in the metabolic rehearsal room in order to assess the digestibility coefficient (DC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM) and the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) crambe meal for broilers. 140 broiler chicks were used in the lineage Cobb 14 days old, fed a basal diet (BD) and a test diet (DT) BD + 20% inclusion of crambe meal, with seven repetitions each. We used the total collection of excreta method with five days to adapt to the cages and feed and five for excreta collection. The DCDM values, DCCP, DCMM and AME crambe meal were: 69.14, 60.38, 58.86% and 2262 kcal in dry matter, respectively

Qualidade de ovos caipiras e comerciais submetidos a diferentes períodos e temperaturas de armazenamento

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos provenientes de poedeiras comerciais e de galinhas caipiras submetidos a diferentes períodos e temperaturas de armazenamento. Para o experimento, foram utilizados 280 ovos. Os ovos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos diferentes tratamentos adotando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 7, duas temperaturas, sete períodos de armazenamento, totalizando 14 tratamentos com 10 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas condições de armazenamento: sob refrigeração (6 ± 1,0ºC) e em temperatura ambiente (26,6 ± 1,0ºC). Os ovos foram analisados por um período de 30 dias, com avaliações realizadas em diferentes períodos de armazenamento (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias). Para cada condição de armazenamento, foram separados 140 ovos, sendo 70 ovos comerciais e 70 ovos caipiras. Ocorreu aumento linear na perda de peso dos ovos, peso da gema, pH do albúmen, pH da gema, comprimento e largura do albúmen e da gema dos ovos comerciais e caipiras, à medida que se aumentava o período de armazenamento. Verificou-se redução linear no peso, altura e índice do albúmen e no índice da gema dos ovos comerciais e caipiras conforme se aumentava o período de armazenamento, com respostas mais acentuadas para ovos acondicionados em temperatura ambiente (P<0,05). A porcentagem de albúmen foi reduzida linearmente apenas para ovos comerciais (P<0,05). Ovos comerciais e caipiras armazenados em temperatura ambiente apresentaram flutuabilidade a partir do 20° dia de armazenamento. A qualidade dos ovos comerciais e caipiras é influenciada pela temperatura e períodos de armazenamento. Ovos mantidos sob temperatura ambiente reduzem a sua qualidade a partir dos 15 dias de armazenamento, sendo o armazenamento sob refrigeração durante o período de 30 dias, o recomendado para preservar a vida de prateleira do ovo para consumo. Palavras-chave: Aves; Ovos comerciais; Produtos de origem animal; Tempo de prateleir

Erica: Prevalences Of Hypertension And Obesity In Brazilian Adolescents

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS: We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95% CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95% CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95% CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95% CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95% CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95% CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95% CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95% CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS: ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5.501Brazilian Department of Science and Technology at the Secretariat of Science and TechnologyStrategic Inputs of the Ministry of Health (Departamento de Ciencia e Tecnologia da Secretaria de Ciencia e Tecnologia e Insumos Estrategicos do Ministerio da Saude - Decit/SCTIE/MS)Health Fund Sector (Fundo Setorial de Saude - CT-health) at the Ministry of science, Technology and Innovation (Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao - MCTI)FINEP [01090421]CNPq [2010/565037-2]hospital research incentive fund for Clinics in Porto Alegre (fundo de incentivo a Pesquisa do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA) [405,009/FIPE-2012-7]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Erica: Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome In Brazilian Adolescents

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants. The sample was stratified and clustered into schools and classes. The criteria set out by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define metabolic syndrome. Prevalences of metabolic syndrome were estimated according to sex, age group, school type and nutritional status. RESULTS: Of the 37,504 adolescents who were evaluated: 50.2% were female; 54.3% were aged from 15 to 17 years, and 73.3% were from public schools. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% (95% CI 2.3-2.9), slightly higher in males and in those aged from 15 to 17 years in most macro-regions. The prevalence was the highest in residents from the South macro-region, in the younger female adolescents and in the older male adolescents. The prevalence was higher in public schools (2.8% [95% CI 2.4-3.2]), when compared with private schools (1.9% [95% CI 1.4-2.4]) and higher in obese adolescents when compared with nonobese ones. The most common combinations of components, referring to 3/4 of combinations, were: enlarged waist circumference (WC), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and high blood pressure; followed by enlarged WC, low HDL-c and high triglycerides; and enlarged WC, low HDL-c, high triglycerides and blood pressure. Low HDL was the second most frequent component, but the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (26.8%) was observed in the presence of high triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: ERICA is the first Brazilian nation-wide study to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and describe the role of its components. Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.501Department of Science and Technology of the Secretariat of Science, Technology and Strategic Inputs of the Ministry of Health (Decit/SCTIE/MS)Health Sectorial Fund (Fundo Setorial de Saude - CT-Saude) of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)FINEP [01090421]CNPq [2010/565037-2]Research Incentive Fund of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - (Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - FIPE-HCPA) [405.009/2012-7]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq