MULTILINGUALISM AND DIASYSTEMATIC CONSTRUCTION GRAMMAR - Interview with Dr. Steffen Höder

Steffen Höder is a Full Professor of Scandinavian Linguistics at the  Institute of Scandinavian Studies, Frisian Studies and General Linguistics at Kiel University. He has a PhD from University of Hamburg (Scandinavian Studies) and his main research interest regards Language contact, Areal linguistics, Language change and variation, Construction Grammar. Professor Höder is the author of several articles in international peer-reviewed journals and some of his current researches are about the Diasystematic Construction Grammar model. The present interview offers explanations that reveal mature reflections on the cognitive representation of grammar in a diasystematic perspective, contributing to interpretations of acquisition and descriptive phenomena of languages.Steffen Höder é professor titular de Linguística Escandinava no Instituto de Estudos Escandinavos, Estudos Frísios e Linguística Geral da Universidade de Kiel. Ele possui PhD pela Universidade de Hamburgo (Estudos Escandinavos) e seus principais interesses de pesquisa dizem respeito ao contato linguístico, à linguística regional, à mudança e variação linguísticas, à Gramática de Construções. Professor Höder é autor de vários artigos em periódicos internacionais revisados por pares e algumas de suas pesquisas atuais são sobre o modelo da Gramática de Construções Diassistêmica. A presente entrevista traz explicações que revelam maduras reflexões sobre a representação cognitiva da gramática em perspectiva diassistêmica, a contribuírem para interpretações de fenômenos aquisicionais e descritivos das línguas.

Influência do transporte por aplicativos na demanda por transporte público entre estudantes universitários da Região Metropolitana do Recife no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19

This article analyzes the influence of ride-sourcing in reducing demand on public transportation systems among university students in the Metropolitan Region of Recife before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.  The literature points out that, depending on the local context, the relationship between public transport and ride-sourcing can be one of competition or complementation. Because the pandemic's reality has had a significant impact on urban mobility, we sought to comprehend its implications in this context. The model chosen was logistic regression. A questionnaire via the web obtained 404 valid interviews. The results indicate that there was a reduction in the use of both modes during the pandemic, with the public system being considerably higher. The main reason for the use of public transport shifted from study to work, while in ride-sourcing it was no longer leisure. Higher education, the availability of a driving license, and higher income reduce the chances of using public transportation. Being formally employed and attending class personally positively influences the use of ride-sourcing. Public transportation was the most cited as a substitute in the case of unavailability of ride-sourcing and vice-versa. If ride-sharing transportation did not lead to the desired destination, public transportation was the preferred complementary mode. It was concluded that the effects of competition were stronger.Este artigo analisa a influência do transporte por aplicativo na redução de demanda nos sistemas de transporte público coletivo entre estudantes universitários na Região Metropolitana do Recife antes e durante a pandemia da Covid-19.  A literatura aponta que dependendo do contexto local, a relação entre o transporte público e os aplicativos pode ser de competição ou de complementação. Como a realidade imposta pela pandemia tem trazido fortes impactos na mobilidade urbana, buscou-se entender suas consequências nessa relação. O modelo escolhido foi a Regressão Logística. Um questionário via web obteve 404 entrevistas válidas. Os resultados indicam que houve redução na utilização dos dois modos durante a pandemia, sendo consideravelmente maior no sistema público. O principal motivo de uso do transporte público passou de estudo para trabalho, enquanto nos aplicativos deixou de ser o lazer. Maior escolaridade, disponibilidade de habilitação para dirigir e maior renda reduzem as chances de utilização do transporte público. Ter emprego formal e estudar presencialmente influencia positivamente o uso dos aplicativos. O transporte público foi o mais citado como substituto em caso de indisponibilidade dos aplicativos e vice-versa. No caso do transporte por aplicativo não conduzir ao destino, o modo preferencial complementar foi o público. Conclui-se que os efeitos foram mais fortemente concorrenciais

O STATUS REPRESENTACIONAL DE SINTAGMAS NOMINAIS DO PB NO CONSTRUCTICON DE L2 DE CRIANÇAS SURDAS

Neste artigo, discutimos a representação variável do sintagma nominal (SN) do PB em produções escritas de crianças surdas de primeira geração. Para tanto, analisamos o fenômeno de apagamentos de itens lexicais e gramaticais (FREITAS et al, 2018; NASCIMENTO et al, 2019; NASCIMENTO, 2020; SOARES & NASCIMENTO, inédito), quando ocorre em algum slot do padrão [ESPECIFICADOR + N + COMPLEMENTIZADOR]. Utilizamos os pressupostos teóricos da Gramática de Construções Baseada no Uso (GOLDBERG, 2006; BYBEE, 2016; HILPERT, 2014; PEREK, 2015) e da teoria de aquisição de linguagem baseada no uso (TOMASELLO, 2003), a fim de construirmos uma análise cognitivo-funcional sobre a relação entre o uso da L2 e processos cognitivos de domínio geral que operam no fortalecimento de relações intra e interconstrucionais no curso da aprendizagem. Os resultados demonstram que o padrão parece ainda não constituir um chunk saliente aos aprendizes em diferentes contextos morfossintáticos, dada a proeminência de apagamentos em SN com papéis participantes de sujeito, objeto direto e oblíquo. Evidencia-se, assim, a necessidade de fortalecimentos do padrão em questão por meio de metodologias de ensino capazes de propiciar frequência de uso e contextos favoráveis ao direcionamento de processos cognitivos, a fim de que construções da L2 emerjam consistentemente e adquiram status representacional fortalecido

FATOS OU GENERALIZAÇÕES? UM ESTUDO SOCIOLINGUÍSTICO DE PERCEPÇÕES DE SURDOS QUANTO AO USO DA LIBRAS

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que analisa a percepção de surdos sobre a sinalização de seis usuários da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS), tendo em vista observar possíveis generalizações ou marcas de preconceito linguístico em seu contexto de uso. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, observa os juízos relacionados à sinalização de surdos e de ouvintes, segundo a suposta atuação de diferentes variáveis independentes e via análise de entrevistas em LIBRAS com esses indivíduos. Os resultados revelaram informações importantes acerca da percepção e do senso comum que em geral diferenciam equivocadamente a performance de surdos e ouvintes quanto ao uso dessa língua e que podem comprometer o amadurecimento científico dos estudos sobre surdez no Brasil. ABSTRACT: This article presents results of a research that analyzes the perception of deaf people about the signaling of six users of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS), in order to observe possible generalizations or marks of linguistic prejudice in its contexts of use. This is a qualitative research that aims to observe judgments related to the signaling of deaf and non deaf people, according to the supposed effect of different independent variables and via analysis of interviews in LIBRAS with these individuals. Results revealed important information about the perception and common sense that in general mistakenly differentiate the performance of deaf and non deaf people regarding the use of this language and that can compromise the scientific maturation of studies on deafness in Brazil KEYWORDS: Sociolinguistics, Brazilian Sign Language and Perceptio

Influence of upper-body exercise order on hormonal responses in trained men

The aim of this study was to examine acute hormonal responses after different sequences of an upper-body resistance-exercise session. Twenty men completed 2 sessions (3 sets; 70% 1-repetition maximum; 2 min passive rest between sets) of the same exercises in opposite sequences (larger to smaller vs. smaller to larger muscle-group exercises). Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol (C) concentrations were measured before and immediately after each sequence. The results indicate that the GH concentration increased after both sessions, but the increase was significantly greater (p \u3c 0.05) after the sequence in which larger muscle-group exercises were performed prior to the smaller muscle-group exercises. No differences were observed between sessions for TT, FT, SHBG, C, or the T/C ratio at baseline or immediately after resistance exercise. These results indicate that performing larger muscle-group exercises first in an upper-body resistance-exercise session leads to a significantly greater GH response. This may have been due to the significantly greater exercise volume accomplished. In summary, the findings of this investigation support the common prescriptive recommendation to perform larger-muscle group exercises first during a resistance-exercise session

Measurement of extracapsular extension in sentinel lymph node as a possible predictor of residual axillary disease in breast cancer

Background: The presence of Extracapsular Extension (ECE) in the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) is still a doubt in the literature. Some studies suggest that the presence of ECE may be related to a greater number of positive axillary lymph nodes which could impact Disease Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS). This study searches for the clinical significance of the ECE. Methods: Retrospective cohort comparing the presence or absence of ECE in T1-2 invasive breast âncer with positive SLNB. All cases treated surgically at the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP) between 2009 and 2013 were analyzed. All patients with axillary disease in SLNB underwent AD. Outcomes: Identify the association between the presence and length of ECE and additional axillary positive lymph nodes, OS and DFS between both groups. Results: 128 patients with positive SLNB were included, and 65 had ECE. The mean metastasis size of 0.62 (SD = 0.59) mm at SLNB was related to the presence of ECE (p < 0.008). The presence of ECE was related to a higher mean of positive sentinel lymph nodes, 3.9 (± 4.8) vs. 2.0 (± 2.1), p = 0.001. The median length of follow-up was 115 months. The OS and DFS rates had no iferences between the groups. Conclusion: The presence of ECE was associated with additional positive axillary lymph nodes in this study. Therefore, the OS and DFS were similar in both groups after 10 years of follow-up. It is necessary for additional studies to define the importance of AD when SLNB with ECE

Immobilization and application of the recombinant xylanase GH10 of Malbranchea pulchella in the production of xylooligosaccharides from hydrothermal liquor of the eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) wood chips

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are widely used in the food industry as prebiotic components. XOS with high purity are required for practical prebiotic function and other biological benefits, such as antioxidant and inflammatory properties. In this work, we immobilized the recombinant endo-1,4-β-xylanase of Malbranchea pulchella (MpXyn10) in various chemical supports and evaluated its potential to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from hydrothermal liquor of eucalyptus wood chips. Values >90% of immobilization yields were achieved from amino-activated supports for 120 min. The highest recovery values were found on Purolite (142%) and MANAE-MpXyn10 (137%) derivatives, which maintained more than 90% residual activity for 24 h at 70 °C, while the free-MpXyn10 maintained only 11%. In addition, active MpXyn10 derivatives were stable in the range of pH 4.0–6.0 and the presence of the furfural and HMF compounds. MpXyn10 derivatives were tested to produce XOS from xylan of various sources. Maximum values were observed for birchwood xylan at 8.6 mg mL−1 and wheat arabinoxylan at 8.9 mg mL−1, using Purolite-MpXyn10. Its derivative was also successfully applied in the hydrolysis of soluble xylan present in hydrothermal liquor, with 0.9 mg mL−1 of XOS after 3 h at 50 °C. This derivative maintained more than 80% XOS yield after six cycles of the assay. The results obtained provide a basis for the application of immobilized MpXyn10 to produce XOS with high purity and other high-value-added products in the lignocellulosic biorefinery field.The authors gratefully acknowledge FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, grants No: 2018/07522-6) and FCT (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032206)—transnational cooperation project EcoTech, and National Institute of Science and Technology of Bioethanol, INCT, CNPq 465319/2014-9/FAPESP n ◦ 2014/50884- 5) for financial support. Research scholarships were granted to RCA, DA, and JCSS by FAPESP (Grant No: 2020/00081-4, 2020/15510-8, and 2019/21989-7, respectively), to CCVD and VEP by CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Finance Code 001).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antifungal activity of essential oils of Myrcia ovata chemotypes and their major compounds on phytopathogenic fungi

This work evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oils of Myrcia ovata chemotypes (MYRO-175, MYRO-156, MYRO-154, MYRO-165, and MYRO-015) and their major compounds (linalool, geraniol, citral, and (E)-nerolidol) on the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium pallidoroseum (which causes melon postharvest rot) and Colletotrichum musae (which causes anthracnose in banana). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GCMS/FID. To evaluate the antifungal activity, the essential oils and their major compounds were tested at different concentrations (0.1; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0; 3.0, and 5.0 mL/L). The major compounds found in the essential oils were nerolic acid, linalool, geraniol, citral, and (E)-nerolidol. The essential oils of the plants MYRO-154, MYRO-165, and MYRO-015 had the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.3 mL/L) for F. pallidoroseum and the lowest minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) (0.7 mL/L), for C. musae. Geraniol and citral had the lowest MFC (0.5 mL / L) for the two fungi tested. For F. pallidoroseum, the essential oils of the chemotypes were more effective than their major compounds. Conversely, the major compounds geraniol of the chemotype MYRO-156 (74.37%) and citral were more effective than their respective essential oils for C. musae. (E)-nerolidol and geraniol of the chemotype MYRO-015 (33.15%) were responsible for the antifungal activity of the essential oils of their respective chemotypes