Effect of cooking method on the formation of 7-ketocholesterol in Atlantic hake (Merluccius hubbsi) and smooth weakfish (Cynoscion leiarchus) fillets.

The levels of cholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol were measured in raw Atlantic hake (Merluccius hubbsi) and smooth weakfish (Cynoscion leiarchus) fillets and in fillets subjected to the following cooking methods: baking in an electric or microwave oven; baking, grilling or stewing in a steam-convection oven; simmering on a stove; electric grilling; and deep frying. The raw samples from both fishes exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher cholesterol levels (62.71 ? 6.06 mg/100 ge74.16 ? 3.96 mg/ 100 g) than the processed fillets. In all of the samples, 7-ketocholesterol was detected at significantly (p < 0.05) different levels depending on the cooking method and the type of fish. Steam cooking keeping the surface of the product moist produced small decrease in the cholesterol content (26.65%e29.96%) and a low level of 7-ketocholesterol in the samples (6.90 ? 0.21 mg/ge6.47 ? 0.28 mg/g). Baking in electric or steam-convection ovens at high temperatures and long times greatly reduced the cholesterol content (52.77%e65.08%), which was associated with a large increase in 7-ketocholesterol levels (11.54 ? 0.45 mg/ge13.94 ? 1.17 mg/g). These results indicate the necessity of revising the baking procedures for fish to increase the healthiness of food

Carcass yield of meat quails in diallel cross

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o peso e rendimento de carca?a e cortes de codornas por meio da metodologia de cruzamentos dial?licos. Foram utilizadas quatro linhagens de codornas de corte, denominadas L1, L2, L3 e L4. O sistema de cruzamento proporcionou 16 grupos de prog?nies, sendo quatro parentais (puros), seis mesti?os F1 e seis mesti?os F1 rec?procos, alojadas em bateria experimental em tr?s repeti??es. Aos 42 dias de idade, cinco machos de cada unidade experimental foram escolhidos ao acaso e destinados ao abate, para avalia??o do peso aos 42 dias de idade, peso e rendimento de carca?a, do peito, das pernas e das asas. A an?lise dial?lica foi desenvolvida de forma univariada, considerando-se a metodologia de dialelos completos, incluindo as p? combina??es das linhagens, a partir das m?dias das combina??es genot?picas. As an?lises de capacidade combinat?ria mostraram signific?ncia para capacidade geral de combina??o (CGC) para peso corporal, da carca?a, peito, pernas e asas, enquanto a capacidade espec?fica de combina??o (CEC) foi significativa apenas para o peso e rendimento de pernas. Os quadrados m?dios da CGG apresentaram, de forma geral, valores maiores que da CEC, revelando a predomin?ncia de efeitos aditivos na express?o dessas caracter?sticas, o que indica que melhorias nestas caracter?sticas podem ser conseguidas por meio de processos de sele??o intrapopulacional. As linhas L1, L2 e L4 apresentaram valores positivos para CGC em praticamente todas as caracter?sticas avaliadas, e podem ser consideradas superiores ? m?dia das linhagens envolvidas no dialelo, sendo, portanto, favor?veis para proporcionarem aumento nas caracter?sticas avaliadas. Foi observado maior efeito dos genes aditivos, indicando que a sele??o das linhas puras pode trazer ganhos satisfat?rios, sendo a linha L2 a mais promissora, com base em sua capacidade geral de combina??o. Para peso de pernas, o cruzamento L2xL4 seria o mais indicado e, para o rendimento de pernas, o cruzamento L1xL4, com base na capacidade espec?fica de combina??o.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)This study aimed to evaluate the weight and carcass yield and cuts of meat quails through the methodology of diallel crosses. It was used four strains of meat quails, named L1, L2, L3 and L4. The mating system provided 16 groups of progenies, four parents (pure), six F1 crossbred and six F1 reciprocal crossbred, allocated in experimental batteries in three replicates. On the day 42th day of life, five males from each experimental unit were randomly chosen and destined for slaughter, to evaluate weight, weight and production of carcass, chest and legs; and wings yield. The diallel analyses were developed using univariate analysis, considering the methodology of complete diallel, including p? combinations, from the average of the genotype combinations. The analyses of combining ability showed significance for general combining ability (GCA), body weight, carcass weight, breast meat, legs and wings, while specific combining ability (SCA) was significant only for the weight and leg yield. The mean squares of GCA were, in general, higher values than SCA ones, showing the prevalence of additive effects on expression of these traits, indicating that these improved traits can be achieved through the selection process. The lines L1, L2 and L4 showed positive GCA values in almost all traits evaluated, and can be considered above the average of the lines involved in diallel; therefore, provide the most favorable for increasing the assessed traits. It was observed a greater additive effect of genes, suggesting that the selection of inbred lines can bring satisfactory gains, being the line L2 the most promising, based on their general combining ability. For legs' weight crossing L2xL4 would be more appropriate, and for legs yield, crossing L1xL4, based on specific combining ability

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone