Mechanism of polarization of Listeria monocytogenes surface protein ActA

The polar distribution of the ActA protein on the surface of the Gram-positive intracellular bacterial pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, is required for bacterial actin-based motility and successful infection. ActA spans both the bacterial membrane and the peptidoglycan cell wall. We have directly examined the de novo ActA polarization process in vitro by using an ActA–RFP (red fluorescent protein) fusion. After induction of expression, ActA initially appeared at distinct sites along the sides of bacteria and was then redistributed over the entire cylindrical cell body through helical cell wall growth. The accumulation of ActA at the bacterial poles displayed slower kinetics, occurring over several bacterial generations. ActA accumulated more efficiently at younger, less inert poles, and proper polarization required an optimal balance between protein secretion and bacterial growth rates. Within infected host cells, younger generations of L. monocytogenes initiated motility more quickly than older ones, consistent with our in vitro observations of de novo ActA polarization. We propose a model in which the polarization of ActA, and possibly other Gram-positive cell wall-associated proteins, may be a direct consequence of the differential cell wall growth rates along the bacterium and dependent on the relative rates of protein secretion, protein degradation and bacterial growth

Is the determination of specific IgE against components using ISAC 112 a reproducible technique?

The allergen microarray immunoassay, ISAC 112, is a repeatable and reproducible in vitro diagnostic tool for determination of sIgE beyond the own laborator

Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user¿s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option availabl

Brain-based classification of youth with anxiety disorders: transdiagnostic examinations within the ENIGMA-Anxiety database using machine learning

Neuroanatomical findings on youth anxiety disorders are notoriously difficult to replicate, small in effect size and have limited clinical relevance. These concerns have prompted a paradigm shift toward highly powered (that is, big data) individual-level inferences, which are data driven, transdiagnostic and neurobiologically informed. Here we built and validated supervised neuroanatomical machine learning models for individual-level inferences, using a case–control design and the largest known neuroimaging database on youth anxiety disorders: the ENIGMA-Anxiety Consortium (N = 3,343; age = 10–25 years; global sites = 32). Modest, yet robust, brain-based classifications were achieved for specific anxiety disorders (panic disorder), but also transdiagnostically for all anxiety disorders when patients were subgrouped according to their sex, medication status and symptom severity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.59–0.63). Classifications were driven by neuroanatomical features (cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes) in fronto-striato-limbic and temporoparietal regions. This benchmark study within a large, heterogeneous and multisite sample of youth with anxiety disorders reveals that only modest classification performances can be realistically achieved with machine learning using neuroanatomical data.NWORubicon 019.201SG.022Advanced Behavioural Research MethodsHealth and Well-bein

Uso da proxemia como modelo teórico para análise da comunicação com portadores do HIV

La infección por VIH/SIDA ha evolucionado globalmente pero todavía sigue sin cura. La enfermería atiende a pacientes portadores de la enfermedad, y al igual que otras ciencias, usa la comunicación como medio de relacionarse con los pacientes. En este proceso de comunicación, se destaca el proxemia, o sea, la manera del individuo de organizar inconscientemente su espacio. El estudio propone el uso del proxemia como modelo en el análisis de la comunicación con paciente hospitalizado con SIDA. La internación de individuos que son seropositivos se debe al diagnóstico tardío, a la intolerancia a las medicinas o enfermedades oportunas. Por eso, los pacientes requieren períodos más prolongados de hospitalización, viven un en un ambiente solitario o intentan aislarse en su lecho. Este hecho, asociado al miedo de contagiarse que muestran los cuidadores, lleva hacia una comunicación desajustada. Hay ocho diferentes factores proxémicos en el análisis de la comunicación, todos ellos pertinentes a la comprensión del proceso comunicativo entre el equipo de enfermería y el paciente hospitalizado.A infecção pelo HIV tem evoluído mundialmente, mas ainda sem cura. A enfermagem trabalha com portadores da doença e, a exemplo de outras ciências, usa a comunicação como eficiente instrumento na relação com os pacientes. No processo de comunicação, sobressai a proxemia, isto é, o modo como o indivíduo organiza inconscientemente seu espaço. O estudo propõe o uso da proxemia como modelo para a análise da comunicação com paciente hospitalizado com HIV. A internação de indivíduos soropositivos se dá em decorrência do diagnóstico tardio, intolerância aos medicamentos ou doenças oportunistas. Por isto, os pacientes requerem períodos mais prolongados de hospitalização, vivenciam um ambiente solitário ou tentam isolar-se no leito. Este fato, associado ao medo de contágio dos cuidadores, torna a comunicação desajustada. Existem oito diferentes fatores proxêmicos na análise da comunicação, todos, pertinentes para a compreensão do processo comunicativo entre equipe de enfermagem e paciente hospitalizado.The infection for HIV has globally been developing still without cure. One of the essential instruments of the nursing is the communication. The proxemia refers to the way as the individual organizes his space unconsciously, being one of the relevant aspects in the communicative process. The study proposes the use of the proxemia as model in the analysis of the communication with patient hospitalized with HIV. The internment of individuals seropositivos feels due to the late diagnosis, intolerance to the medicines or disease opportunists, they request more lingering periods. The patients live a lonely atmosphere or they try to isolate at the bed. This fact, associate to the fear of the caretakers' infection turns the messed up communication. They are defined eight factors proxêmicos in the analysis of the communication: sex-posture, axis sociofugo and sociopeto, visual factors, cinestésicos, of contact, smell and voice tone. The proxemia becomes valuable instrument in the analysis of the communicative process between nursing team and patient hospitalized