O BID e a educação secundária na América Latina: fomento da desigualdade, consenso para a dualidade

This article aims to analyze the recommendations of the Inter-American Development Bank for Secondary Education in Latin American countries. For that, a documental analysis of a production of the Bank was carried out, being the work of a qualitative nature and guided by the theoretical and methodological referential of the historical-dialectical materialism. From the investigation carried out, it was possible to understand that the guidelines and conceptions present in the document produced by the IDB are aligned with the logic of capital, contributing to the perpetuation of inequalities and the historical duality present in Brazilian education, disregarding the material reality experienced by countries in the region.Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las recomendaciones del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo para la Educación Secundaria en los países de América Latina. Para ello, se realizó un análisis documental de una producción del Banco, siendo el trabajo de carácter cualitativo y pautado por el referencial teórico y metodológico del materialismo histórico-dialéctico. A partir de la investigación realizada, fue posible comprender que las directrices y concepciones presentes en el documento producido por el BID están alineadas con la lógica del capital, contribuyendo para la perpetuación de las desigualdades y la dualidad histórica presente en la educación brasileña, desconsiderando el material realidad que viven los países de la región.Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as recomendações do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento para a Educação Secundária nos países da América Latina. Para tanto, realizou-se análise documental de uma produção do Banco, sendo o trabalho de cunho qualitativo e orientado pelo referencial teórico e metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético. A partir da investigação realizada foi possível compreender que as orientações e concepções presentes no documento produzido pelo BID estão alinhadas à lógica do capital, contribuindo para perpetuação de desigualdades e da dualidade histórica presente na educação brasileira, desconsiderando a realidade material vivenciada pelos países da região

O BID e a educação secundária na América Latina

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as recomendações do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento para a Educação Secundária nos países da América Latina. Para tanto, realizou-se análise documental de uma produção do Banco, sendo o trabalho de cunho qualitativo e orientado pelo referencial teórico e metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético. A partir da investigação realizada foi possível compreender que as orientações e concepções presentes no documento produzido pelo BID estão alinhadas à lógica do capital, contribuindo para perpetuação de desigualdades e da dualidade histórica presente na educação brasileira, desconsiderando a realidade material vivenciada pelos países da região

MATURAÇÃO, CAPACITAÇÃO, REAÇÃO ACROSSÔMICA E MOVIMENTO ESPERMÁTICO

Spermatozoa are formed through the process of spermatogenesis, which involves events of cell differentiation, mitosis, and meiosis. However, after their formation, it is still necessary for these spermatozoa to undergo some maturation processes in order to reach their fertilizing capacity, maturation and sperm capacitation. Sperm maturation occurs during sperm transit through the epididymis and involves important morphological and physiological changes in the sperm, involving sequential changes in the biochemical composition of the sperm cell. On the other hand, sperm capacitation occurs after ejaculation, starting in the isthmus of the fallopian tube, and a period of permanence in the female reproductive tract is essential for them to become capable of fertilization, undergoing severe biochemical and physiological changes. Furthermore, after sperm capacitation, the event called the acrosome reaction occurs, allowing sperm to cross the zona pellucida and fuse with the oocyte plasma membrane. In addition, a determining factor for fertilization to occur is sperm movement, since its amplitude through the sperm tail promotes propulsion and the ability to move it to the oocyte. The evaluation and study of all these mechanisms are essential to determine the reproductive efficiency of different species.Os espermatozoides são formados por meio do processo de espermatogênese, que envolve eventos de diferenciação celular, mitose e meiose. No entanto, após sua formação ainda é necessário que esses espermatozoides passem por alguns processos de maturação para que atinjam sua capacidade fertilizante, a maturação e a capacitação espermática.  A maturação espermática ocorre durante o trânsito do espermatozoide pelo epidídimo, e envolve importantes alterações morfológicas e fisiológicas no espermatozoide, envolvendo mudanças sequenciais na composição bioquímica da célula espermática. Já a capacitação espermática ocorre após a ejaculação iniciando no istmo da tuba uterina, sendo essencial um período de permanência no trato reprodutivo da fêmea para que se tornem aptos à fertilização, passando por severas mudanças bioquímicas e fisiológicas. Ademais, após a capacitação espermática, ocorre o evento chamado reação acrossômica, possibilitando que os  espermatozoides atravessem a zona pelúcida e se fundam com a membrana plasmática do oócito. Além disso, um fator determinante para que ocorra a fecundação é a movimentação espermática, visto que sua amplitude através da cauda do espermatozoide, promove a propulsão e a capacidade de seu deslocamento até o oócito. A avaliação e o estudo de todos os esses mecanismos são essenciais para determinação da eficiência reprodutiva de diversas espécies

Endothelial activation is associated with albuminuria in multibacillary leprosy

Leprosy may present kidney and endothelial abnormalities, being a risk factor for complications. However, the involvement of renal and vascular endothelia has been poorly investigated. We aimed to investigate if the levels of systemic endothelial biomarkers are associated with kidney abnormalities and the clinical forms of leprosy. This is a cross-sectional study with leprosy patients enrolled in January 2017 to December 2018, before the initiation of the multidrug therapy. Leprosy-associated clinical and epidemiological data were collected. Two groups were investigated: Paucibacillary (PB) and Multibacillary (MB) infections, for the comparisons. Serum and urine samples were obtained for laboratory analysis. In serum samples, were evaluated the endothelial biomarkers VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. In total, 101 leprosy patients were included, the mean age was 48±١٥ years and 71 (70%) were male. The multibacillary form occurred in 81 cases (80%), among which 22 had the Virchowian form. Serum creatinine was more elevated in the MB group than in PB patients. In addition, VCAM-1 was elevated in the MB group and was correlated with the bacteriological index (rho = 0.372, p <0.01), the duration of disease symptoms (rho = 0.234, p = 0.04), and the number of skin lesions (rho = 0.468, p <0.001). Moreover, in MB patients who presented albuminuria >15 mg/g of creatinine, VCAM-1 showed a significant correlation with increased albuminuria and improved the correlation with the number of skin lesions (rho= 0.563, p=0.010). In conclusion, higher systemic VCAM-1 levels were associated with the multibacillary clinical form of leprosy and with increased albuminuria. Prospective studies are necessary to establish a cause-effect and evaluate the preventive role of these biomarkers to improve the clinical care

Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) in Amazonian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) delays egg hatching and larval development of progeny.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a globally important arbovirus and has been reported from all states of Brazil. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infective Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) or Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895). However, it is important to know if ZIKV transmission also occurs from Ae. aegypti through infected eggs to her offspring. Therefore, a ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) free colony was established from eggs collected in Manaus and maintained until the third?fourth generation in order to conduct ZIKV vertical transmission (VT) experiments which used an infectious bloodmeal as the route of virus exposure. The eggs from ZIKV-infected females were allowed to hatch. The resulting F1 progeny (larvae, pupae, and adults) were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assayed for ZIKV. The viability of ZIKV vertically transmitted to F1 progeny was evaluated by cultivation in C6/36 cells. The effects of ZIKV on immature development of Ae. aegypti was assessed and compared with noninfected mosquitoes. Amazonian Ae. Aegypti were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection (96.7%), and viable virus passed to their progeny via VT. Moreover, eggs from the ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a significantly lower hatch rate and the slowest hatching. In addition, the larval development period was slower when compared to noninfected, control mosquitoes. This is the first study to illustrate VT initiated by oral infection of the parental population by using mosquitoes, which originated from the field and a ZIKV strain that is naturally circulating in-country. Additionally, this study suggests that ZIKV present in the Ae. aegypti can modify the mosquito life cycle. The data reported here suggest that VT of ZIKV to progeny from naturally infected females may have a critical epidemiological role in the dissemination and maintenance of the virus circulating in the vector

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

The implementation process of the 2017 high school reform in the Federal Institutes: new proposals, old recommendations

Esta dissertação teve como objeto de estudo a Reforma do Ensino Médio, instituída através da Lei nº 13.415/2017, e sua implementação nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender as contradições fundamentais no processo de implementação da Reforma do Ensino Médio nos Institutos Federais, nos campi Ibatiba-ES e Ponte Nova-MG, e suas implicações no Ensino Médio ofertado por essas instituições. Como objetivos específicos, tivemos: analisar um documento produzido pelo Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) e suas aproximações com a Lei 13.415/2017; analisar o processo de implementação da Reforma do Ensino Médio a partir da compreensão de professores e gestores dos Institutos Federais campi Ibatiba-ES e Ponte Nova-MG; investigar como (e se) foi implementada a Reforma nos Institutos Federais e suas implicações no Ensino Médio ofertado por essas instituições. Para tanto, esta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, foi orientada pelo referencial teórico e metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético. Em sua metodologia, a presente pesquisa utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados a análise documental, cujo objeto de análise foi o documento produzido pelo BID intitulado “Desconectados: habilidades, educação e emprego na América Latina” (BASSI et al., 2012); a pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando analisar a produção acadêmica acerca da Reforma nos Institutos Federais; e entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores e docentes das instituições analisadas. A partir da investigação realizada, identificamos com análise documental importantes semelhanças entre as orientações do BID para os jovens latino- americanos e as proposições contidas na Lei nº 13.415/2017, principalmente no que se refere ao incentivo do ensino técnico no contexto do Ensino Médio. Através da análise bibliográfica, verificamos uma diminuta produção acerca da Reforma do Ensino Médio e sua implementação nos Institutos Federais, assim, se configurando um campo ainda pouco estudado no Brasil. Por fim, através das entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes e gestores do Ifes, campus Ibatiba, e do IFMG, campus Avançado Ponte Nova, identificamos que a Reforma não foi implementada em nenhuma das duas unidades analisadas, sendo sua relação com IFs atravessada pela implementação dos livros didáticos do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático de 2021, bem como através da Resolução CNE/CP nº 01/2021, que adequa as diretrizes da Rede Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Além disso, identificamos a resistência por parte de professores e gestores em relação à Reforma e, da mesma forma, encontramos as bases legais para garantia da autonomia dos IFs e a manutenção do Ensino Médio Integrado. Palavras-chave: Ensino Médio. Reforma do Ensino Médio. Educação profissional. Institutos Federais. Ensino Médio Integrado.This dissertation had as its object of study the High School Reform, instituted through Law nº 13.415/2017, and its implementation in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology. In this sense, this research aimed to understand the fundamental contradictions in the process of implementing the High School Reform in the Federal Institutes, on the Ibatiba- ES and Ponte Nova-MG campuses, and its implications for the High School offered by these institutions. As specific objectives, we had: to analyze a document produced by the Inter- American Development Bank (IDB) and its approximations with Law 13.415/2017; analyze the process of implementing the High School Reform from the understanding of teachers and managers of the Federal Institutes campuses Ibatiba-ES and Ponte Nova-MG; to investigate how (and if) the Reform was implemented in the Federal Institutes and its implications for the High School offered by these institutions. Therefore, this research, with a qualitative approach, was guided by the theoretical and methodological framework of historical-dialectical materialism. In its methodology, the present research used document analysis as a data collection instrument, whose object of analysis was the document produced by the IDB entitled “Disconnected: skills, education and employment in Latin America” (BASSI et al., 2012); the bibliographic research, seeking to analyze the academic production about the Reform in the Federal Institutes; and semi-structured interviews with managers and professors of the analyzed institutions. Based on the investigation carried out, we identified with document analysis important similarities between the IDB's guidelines for young Latin Americans and the propositions contained in Law No. Through the bibliographic analysis, we verified a small production about the High School Reform and its implementation in the Federal Institutes, thus, configuring a field still little studied in Brazil. Finally, through semi-structured interviews with teachers and managers from Ifes, Ibatiba campus, and IFMG, Advanced Ponte Nova campus, we identified that the Reform was not implemented in any of the two analyzed units, and its relationship with IFs was crossed by the implementation of the books. textbooks of the National Textbook Program of 2021, as well as through Resolution CNE/CP nº 01/2021, which adapts the guidelines of the Federal Network of Education, Science and Technology. In addition, we identified the resistance on the part of teachers and managers in relation to the Reform and, in the same way, we found the legal bases to guarantee the autonomy of the IFs and the maintenance of Integrated High School. Keywords: High School. High School Reform. Professional education. Federal Institutes. Integrated High School

Atividade antifúngica de produtos naturais indicados por raizeiros para tratamento de candidíase oral

A crescente resistência das leveduras pertencentes ao gênero Candida frente aos antifúngicos sintéticos, atualmente disponíveis no comércio, impulsiona a busca por novos compostos antifúngicos de origem vegetal. Assim, o propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar in vitro a atividade antifúngica dos decoctos de Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi (aroeira) Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breym (canela) e Punica granatum Linn (romã), vendidos por raizeiros em três feiras livres distintas (A, B e C), frente a três espécies de microorganismos do gênero Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis e C. krusei). O ensaio para determinação da atividade antifúngica dos produtos naturais foi realizado pelo método da difusão em meio sólido, em triplicata, onde discos de papel de filtro estéreis embebidos em 50 µL dos extratos foram colocados sobre o meio de cultura. Os resultados foram avaliados a partir da mensuração dos diâmetros dos halos de inibição de crescimento fúngico em milímetros (mm), sendo considerada a moda dos valores obtidos. Foi observada atividade antifúngica de S. terebenthifolius Raddi e de C. zeylanicum Breym sobre C. krusei. No entanto, diferenças foram identificadas entre os produtos obtidos nos diferentes locais. O decocto de Punica granatum Linn apresentou atividade antifúngica sobre as três cepas fúngicas utilizadas no estudo. Também foram verificadas diferenças entres os produtos obtidos nas feiras livres, sendo que apenas as amostras de Punica granatum Linn provenientes da feira A foram capazes de inibir o crescimento fúngico de todas as cepas analisadas. Desta forma, conclui-se que todos os produtos avaliados apresentam atividade antifúngica, havendo diferenças relacionadas aos locais de sua obtenção e sensibilidade das cepas ensaiadas

Prognostic value of hematological parameters in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Intrahospital outcomes

<div><p>Background</p><p>The intensity of the inflammatory response and hemodynamic repercussion in acute myocardial infarction causing the presence in the peripheral circulation of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), increases in mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are associated with a poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of these hematological biomarkers as predictors of all causes of mortality during the hospitalization of patients with acute myocardial infarction.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Nucleated red blood cells, mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were measured daily during the hospitalization of the patients with acute myocardial infarction. We excluded patients younger than 18 years, on glucocorticoid therapy, with cancer or hematological diseases and those that were readmitted after hospital discharge. We performed a multiple logistic analysis to identify independent predictors of mortality.</p><p>Results</p><p>We included 466 patients (mean age 64.2 ± 12.8 years, 61.6% male). The prevalence of NRBCs in the sample was 9.1% (42 patients), with levels > 200/μL in 27 patients (5.8%). The mean MPV value was 10.9 ±0,9 and the mean NLR value was 3.71 (2,38; 5,72). In a multivariate analysis of serum NRBCs (HR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.35–4.36, p = 0.003), MPV (HR 2.97, 95% CI: 1.15–7.67, p = 0.024) and NLR (HR 5.02, 95% CI: 1.68–15.0, p = 0.004). The presence in the peripheral blood of NRBCs, increased in mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were associated with higher mortality.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Nucleated red blood cells, mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio are independent predictors of intrahospital mortality. Therefore, an important tool in intrahospital clinical surveillance.</p></div

Multivariate analysis of factors related to intrahospital mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction.

<p>Multivariate analysis of factors related to intrahospital mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction.</p