Ideb, políticas educacionais e cultura de avaliação nos municípios do Ceará

O Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb) é um mecanismo de monitoramento da qualidade da educação no país, calculado a partir dos indicadores de fluxo escolar e as médias de desempenho da Prova Brasil. O uso dos seus resultados tem sido guia na implementação de políticas educacionais no âmbito nacional, estadual e municipal. Considerando a relação entre o índice e a cultura de avaliação externa do estado Ceará, no presente trabalho buscou-se compreender a utilização dos resultados do Ideb pelas gestões municipais. A pesquisa, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, utiliza dados obtidos no Questionário Eletrônico do Secretário Municipal de Educação, aplicados junto ao Saeb em 2019, com recorte para os secretários do estado do Ceará e destaque ao bloco referente à avaliação educacional. A partir da análise verificou-se que o Ideb induziu mudanças nas práticas de gestão municipal sobretudo, pelo alinhamento entre as ações municipais e as avaliações em larga escala

Competências e impactos do mestrado profissional: o caso do Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Segurança Pública da Universidade Federal da Bahia

The article discusses the competences and impacts of professional master's degrees in public security based on the results of the evaluation of graduates of the Professional Post-Graduation in Public Security at the Federal University of Bahia. For this, the parenthetical personality model, proposed by Alberto Guerreiro Ramos, was adopted to analyze the interaction between the university and the professional field through the graduates, understood as practical researchers. The survey was carried out by means of a broad application questionnaire sent, by e-mail, to all students who completed the course in the period from 2013 to 2020. The results, with 40 respondents, suggest that they are more aware of the social role of their profession, have greater competence in thinking critically about their professional reality, analyzing the internal and external environment of their organizations and making decisions with potential impact.O artigo discute as competências e impactos dos mestrados profissionais em segurança pública a partir dos resultados da avaliação de egressos da Pós-Graduação Profissional em Segurança Pública da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Para tanto, adotou-se o modelo de personalidade parentética, proposto por Alberto Guerreiro Ramos, para analisar a interação entre a universidade e campo profissional através dos egressos, entendidos como pesquisadores práticos. A pesquisa foi efetuada por meio de questionário de aplicação ampla enviado, por e-mail, a todos os alunos que concluíram o curso no período de 2013 a 2020. Os resultados, com 40 respondentes, sugerem que estes estão mais conscientes do papel social de sua profissão, apresentam maior competência em pensar de forma crítica sua realidade profissional, analisar o ambiente interno e externo de suas organizações e tomar decisões com potencial de impacto

Adherence of Elderly People to Tuberculosis Treatment / Adesão dos Idosos às Formas de Administração do Tratamento da Tuberculose

Objetivo: Conhecer a adesão dos idosos às formas de administração do tratamento da tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, desenvolvido no Distrito Sanitário Oeste de Natal, com os idosos que fizeram tratamento entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2015. Resultados: Observou-se que os idosos utilizam tanto o regime autoadministrado (51,1%) quanto o diretamente observado (48,9%). Em ambos os grupos prevaleceu a faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos (29,8%; 35,1%), a forma pulmonar da doença (41,5%; 44,7%) e o caso novo como tipo de entrada para o tratamento (31,9%; 27,7%). Quanto ao encerramento, destacou-se a conclusão do tratamento (33,0%; 25,5%). Conclusão: A tuberculose ainda é prevalente no Brasil, destacando-se a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento adequados, além da adoção de medidas de controle e capacitação dos profissionais de saúde frente ao cuidado desses pacientes

Partograma: instrumento de monitoreo en la atención multidisciplinar

Introduction: A partograph is the graphic representation of labor from its early stages, which allows observing the changes during the labor process. Objective: To determine partograph-related knowledge among nurses and doctors in a maternity hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses and doctors from a maternity hospital in northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 8 nurses and 39 doctors. Results: Most health professionals have taken courses or training related to the instrument itself. However, there were some doubts about partograph handling in 27.6% of cases. Work overload, lack of knowledge to fill out the instrument and lack of continuity affected this matter. As for the situations in which the instrument should be used, women in active labor and normal labor were listed. Discussion: The importance and necessity of partographs during labor are beyond question. The information obtained through this instrument guides professionals through the next steps of labor and delivery. Conclusion: The use of partograph is considered essential in labor and knowledge related to its handling is critical in practical settings. However, the use of this instrument is just beginning in the maternity ward. How to cite this article: Medeiros, Anderson Brito de; Freire, Izaura Luzia Silvério; Santos, Fernanda Rafaela dos; Silva, Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da; Batista, George Felipe de Moura; Menezes, Márcio Moreira de. Partograma: instrumento de segurança no cuidado multidisciplinar. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(3): e1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1046     Introdução: O partograma é um traçado de representação gráfica do trabalho de parto que concebe o desencadeamento de sua evolução, permitindo a visualização das alterações no decorrer do partejar. O estudo objetivou descrever o conhecimento sobre partograma por enfermeiros e médicos de uma maternidade escola. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com enfermeiros e médicos em maternidade escola do nordeste brasileiro. A amostra foi constituída por 8 enfermeiros e 39 médicos. Resultados: Observou-se que a maior parte já fez curso ou treinamento relacionado à ferramenta. Todavia, em 27,6% dos casos ocorrem dúvidas sobre seu manejo. Sobrecarga no plantão; falta de conhecimento no preenchimento e ausência de continuidade foram considerados aspectos dificultadores. Quanto às situações nas quais se deve abrir o instrumento, as mais citadas foram gestantes em trabalho de parto na fase ativa e trabalho de parto normal. Discussão: É indiscutível a importância e necessidade do partograma no decorrer do trabalho de parto. As informações retiradas a partir dele orientam o profissional para os próximos passos a serem seguidos. Conclusão: Acredita-se que o uso do partograma é essencial no processo de parto, e que os conhecimentos referentes à sua utilização são fundamentais na prática. Contudo, mesmo na maternidade, o uso da ferramenta é incipiente. Como citar este artigo: Medeiros, Anderson Brito de; Freire, Izaura Luzia Silvério; Santos, Fernanda Rafaela dos; Silva, Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da; Batista, George Felipe de Moura; Menezes, Márcio Moreira de. Partograma: instrumento de segurança no cuidado multidisciplinar. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(3): e1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1046    Introducción: El partograma es la representación gráfica del trabajo de parto desde el inicio de su evolución, lo que permite visualizar los cambios durante el proceso de parto. Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos relacionados con el partograma por parte de los enfermeros y médicos de una clínica de maternidad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con enfermeros y médicos de una clínica de maternidad del noreste de Brasil. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 8 enfermeros y 39 médicos. Resultados: Se observó que la mayoría del personal de salud han tomado cursos o capacitación relacionados con el instrumento en mención. Sin embargo, en el 27.6% de los casos hay dudas sobre el manejo del partograma. La sobrecarga laboral, la falta de conocimiento para diligenciar el instrumento y la falta de continuidad contribuyeron a esta problemática. En cuanto a las situaciones en las que se debe usar el instrumento, se mencionó a las mujeres que se encuentran en trabajo de parto en fase activa y en el trabajo de parto normal. Discusión: La importancia y necesidad del partograma durante el trabajo de parto es indiscutible. La información que se obtiene a través de este instrumento guía al profesional en los siguientes pasos del parto. Conclusión: Se considera que el uso del partograma es esencial en el trabajo de parto y que el conocimiento sobre su manejo es crítico en la práctica. Sin embargo, el uso del instrumento es incipiente en la maternidad. Como citar este ar´tículo: Medeiros, Anderson Brito de; Freire, Izaura Luzia Silvério; Santos, Fernanda Rafaela dos; Silva, Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da; Batista, George Felipe de Moura; Menezes, Márcio Moreira de. Partograma: instrumento de segurança no cuidado multidisciplinar. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(3): e1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1046    &nbsp

What is the frequency of floor of the mouth lesions? A descritive study of 4,016 cases

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of oral lesions in the floor of the mouth from representative oral pathology centres in Latin America. This study was conducted on biopsies obtained from January of 1978 to December of 2018 at nine Latin America oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. Gender, age and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Data were analysed using descriptive methods. Chi-square test was used for pairwise comparisons. From 114,893 samples, 4,016 lesions (3.49%) occurred in the floor of the mouth. Brazil showed 3,777 cases (94%), Mexico 182 cases (4.5%) and Argentina 57 cases (1.4%). Benign lesions represented 65.1% (2,617 cases), followed by 34.9% (1,404 cases) of malignant disorders. Lesions of epithelial origin were more frequent (1,964 cases; 48.9%), followed by salivary glands (1,245 cases; 31%) and soft tissue lesions (475 cases; 11.7%). The most common histological subtypes were oral squamous cell carcinoma (1,347 cases; 33.5%), ranula (724 cases; 18%), oral leukoplakia (476 cases; 11.8%) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (239 cases; 5.9%). The lesion affected males in 2,129 cases and females in 1,897 cases. In the current study, lesions in the floor of the mouth represented 3.49% of biopsies submitted to oral pathology services and oral squamous cell carcinoma, ranula and leukoplakia were the most common lesions

Comparison of Anthropometric Profile and Cognitive Performance of Elite and Non-Elite Beach Volleyball Athletes

To compare the anthropometric profile and cognitive performance of elite and non-elite beach volleyball athletes. Comparative and descriptive study. The sample was composed by 8 athletes, divided in 2 groups: elite (n = 4) and non-elite (n = 4). They were evaluated in anthropometric parameters age, weight and height, and the variables of the cognitive performance evaluated by the battery of computerized tests CogState® (Brief Battery): Detection (Simple Reaction Time); Identification (Choice Reaction Time); One Back Speed (Working Memory); One Back Acuracy (Short Term Memory). Data were classified as non-parametric with the dispersion curve analysis performed by the Shapiro Wilk test. Anthropometric profile and cognitive performance variables were compared with the Mann Whitney U test between the groups. The procedures were performed with a significance level of p < 0.05 using the Statistical Package for the Social Science - SPSS®, Version 25.0. It was observed that there was significant difference in the anthropometric profile in the variable age (sig = 0.029) and in the cognitive performance significant differences occurred in the variables Detec (sig = 0.029) and Indent (sig = 0.029) of elite and not elite athletes of the beach volleyball modality. Elite and non-elite beach volleyball athletes present significant differences in the anthropometric variable (Age) and in the variables of cognitive performance (Detection and Identification) where elite athletes have a better cognitive performance than the non- elite athletes

12,500+ and counting: biodiversity of the Brazilian Pampa

Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activitie

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file