Wie repräsentativ sind die Messdaten eines Honeynet?

Zur Früherkennung von kritischen Netzphänomenen wurden in der Vergangenheit viele Arten von verteilten Sensornetze im Internet etabliert und erforscht. Wir betrachten das Phänomen Verteilung von bösartiger Software im Netz'', das punktuell etwa mit dem InMAS-Sensorsystem gemessen werden kann. Unklar war jedoch immer die Frage, wie repräsentativ die Daten sind, die durch ein solches Sensornetz gesammelt werden. In diesem Dokument wird ein methodisches Rahmenwerk beschrieben, mit dem Maßzahlen der Repräsentativität an Messungen von Malware-Sensornetzen geheftet werden können. Als methodischer Ansatz wurden Techniken der empirischen Sozialforschung verwendet. Als Ergebnis ist festzuhalten, dass ein Sensornetz mit mindestens 100 zufällig über den Netzbereich verteilten Sensoren notwendig erscheint, um überhaupt belastbare Aussagen über die Repräsentativität von Sensornetz-Messungen machen zu können

Zur Nutzung von Verkehrsdaten im Rahmen der Vorratsdatenspeicherung

Dieser Bericht entstand aus Anlass einer Anfrage des Bundesverfassungsgerichts im Rahmen der Verfassungsbeschwerden 1 BvR 256/08, 263/08, 586/08. Teil der Anfrage war ein Fragenkatalog, zu dem ich als sachkundiger Dritter Stellung nehmen sollte. Statt einer listenhaften Beantwortung der Fragen habe ich mir erlaubt, die technischen Hintergründe in einer zusammenhängenden Diskussion darzustellen. Der Bezug zu den Fragen aus dem Fragenkatalog, zu denen ich mich sachkundig fühlte, wird im Anhang explizit hergestellt

Editorial: Business Model Innovation – A Concept Between Organizational Renewal and Industry Transformation

With the new millennium and the hype of electronic business a new movement was created that still gains momentum: business model innovations. Deeply influenced by business informatics in the early years, business models and business model innovations became a pervasive part of our business life. Particularly business model innovations opened the door for a thinking far beyond product and process innovations. By considering new ways of designing value propositions, value-added architectures and sales modes (e.g. Timmers, 1998), business model innovations became an attractive option of recent innovation management and strategic management of the entrepreneurial kind as well. Especially small- and medium-sized entities (SMEs) found a new way to innovate without spending too much resources in uncertain investments. Once successfully implemented, business model innovations on the micro level drive organizational renewal and/or help in developing new businesses. More than that, business model innovations may change the ‘rules of the game’ in markets and trigger processes of industry transformation (Porter & Rivkin, 2000) on the macro level. Despite the considerable power of business model innovations, not every innovative business model is a ‘home-run’. Empirical evidence suggests (e.g. Freiling & Dressel, 2014) that sophisticated new business models promise ‘win-win’ constellations for both customers and suppliers, but face the problem of limited adoption in target markets. Insofar, the implementation goes along with numerous obstacles. Little is said about the root causes of these obstacles and the ways how to cope with these challenges. Many of the articles of this special issue address the background of business model innovations and open the door to new debates. This illuminates the rather inter-disciplinary nature of business model innovations that deal with different kinds of novelties for both suppliers and customers. Based on Schumpeter (1934), innovations may relate to products, processes, organizational modes as well as novel purchasing and distribution modes. These novelties are often interrelated and call for an over-arching frame. If well designed, business models can be such umbrellas and are, thus, useful elements of innovation and strategic management. More than that, they push forward the notion of systemic innovation as a core challenge for both strategic decision-making and innovation. The papers deal with both customers and suppliers, as innovation cannot be separated from adoption processes in markets. In this regard, some former background issues come to the fore in this special issue, such as the still under-researched role of emotions (cf. Straker and Wrigley, 2015) and the role of diversity of people (particularly in the light of different cultural backgrounds – cf. Harima and Vemuri, 2015). Innovating business models is among the priorities of leading companies in most recent times to keep a certain balance of value creation and value capture (Teece, 2010; Zott et al. 2011). While business model innovations require particular capabilities to develop new industry architectures (Jacobides et al., 2006; Freiling et al., 2008), business model innovation is a challenge that often returns to top positions of the management agenda. To change from one business model to another, however, is a different and often even more demanding challenge that is based on dynamic capabilities (Teece, 2007). By dynamic capabilities companies are able to sense and seize new business opportunities and to reconfigure the company. The bare existence of dynamic capabilities allows changing business models more proficiently and, thus, tapping the potential of new business opportunities (Müller and Vorbach, 2015). However, while business model innovations have played a role in the entire economy in recent years, there are contexts where these innovative moves find a very fertile background. Without necessarily excluding other companies, particularly young firms seem to belong to these settings. Insofar, entrepreneurship and business model innovations are closely linked. One reason for this may be that incumbents are locked in their everyday business, reinforced by specific investments, and do not find enough time to go substantially beyond that. Thus, they are prone to attacks based on innovative business models of start-ups that are in need of doing something new and different to start launching their solutions in target markets. Entrepreneurship practice is full of examples where new ventures translated a basic innovation into a business model innovation to ‘make’ a market (e.g. Facebook, Amazon, Cirque du Soleil). The multitude of different ventures is hard to describe exhaustively, if it is possible at all. In this regard, it makes a difference whether the ventures are profit-oriented or non-profit ones. Papers of this special issue deal especially with this question (Jokela and Elo, 2015; Balboni and Bortoluzzi, 2015). On a more pragmatic level, the question arises how to visualize the real nature of business models and how to plan and implement them. In literature, there is a huge variety of understandings – like Timmers’ (1998) model of three business model components, the Morris et al. (2005) six-element approach or the nine-component ‘business model canvas’ framework of Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010). In this special issue, many articles adopted the more fine- grained business model canvas approach that already penetrated business practice to some extent

Toward General Purpose 3D User Interfaces: Extending Windowing Systems to Three Dimensions

Recent growth in the commercial availability of consumer grade 3D user interface devices like the Microsoft Kinect and the Oculus Rift, coupled with the broad availability of high performance 3D graphics hardware, has put high quality 3D user interfaces firmly within the reach of consumer markets for the first time ever. However, these devices require custom integration with every application which wishes to use them, seriously limiting application support, and there is no established mechanism for multiple applications to use the same 3D interface hardware simultaneously. This thesis proposes that these problems can be solved in the same way that the same problems were solved for 2D interfaces: by abstracting the input hardware behind input primitives provided by the windowing system and compositing the output of applications within the windowing system before displaying it. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach this thesis also presents a novel Wayland compositor which allows clients to create 3D interface contexts within a 3D interface space in the same way that traditional windowing systems allow applications to create 2D interface contexts (windows) within a 2D interface space (the desktop), as well as allowing unmodified 2D Wayland clients to window into the same 3D interface space and receive standard 2D input events. This implementation demonstrates the ability of consumer 3D interface hardware to support a 3D windowing system, the ability of this 3D windowing system to support applications with compelling 3D interfaces, the ability of this style of windowing system to be built on top of existing hardware accelerated graphics and windowing infrastructure, and the ability of such a windowing system to support unmodified 2D interface applications windowing into the same 3D windowing space as the 3D interface applications. This means that application developers could create compelling 3D interfaces with no knowledge of the hardware that supports them, that new hardware could be introduced without needing to integrate it with individual applications, and that users could mix whatever 2D and 3D applications they wish in an immersive 3D interface space regardless of the details of the underlying hardware

Modern condition of labor migration from Ukraine to the EU and the prospects for its regulation

The analysis of state and development dynamics of labour migration from Ukraine to the EU made in the context of: gender, age, level of education, country of destination, sector of employment and so on. Special attention is paid to the migration to Poland as the host country of the highest, among EU countries, of labour migrants from Ukraine. It also evaluated individual aspects of migration of Ukrainian youth in the EU countries with the aim of obtaining higher education. The obtained results can be used as an information base for the development of a system of measures of state poliks in the field of labour migration

Fee hunting - extra income?

Date taken from stamp on cover page"In times of economic uncertainty, it makes good sense for Missouri farmers to consider alternative sources of income from their land. One such income source is fee hunting, or the leasing of hunting rights on private property. Although popular in a number of other states, fee hunting is not a common practice in Missouri. In this booklet, we will present the latest information on the subject and try to offer a balanced view of this alternative enterprise for Missouri farms."--IntroductionBarbara Bassett (Writing Consultant), Deretha Freiling (Extension Fish and Wildlife Specialist), Cooperative Extension ; University of Missouri--ColumbiaIncludes bibliographical reference

Using Memory Management to Detect and Extract Illegitimate Code for Malware Analysis

Exploits that successfully attack computers are mostly based on some form of shellcode, i.e., illegitimate code that is injected by the attacker to take control of the system. Detecting and extracting such code is the first step to detailed analysis of malware containing illegitimate code. The amount and sophistication of modern malware calls for automated mechanisms that perform such detection and extraction. In this paper we present a novel generic and fully automatic approach to detect the execution of illegitimate code and extract such code upon detection. The basic idea of the approach is to flag critical memory pages as non-executable and use a modified page fault handler to dump corresponding memory pages. We present an implementation of the approach for the Windows platform called CWXDetector. Evaluations using malicious PDF documents as example show that CWXDetector produces no false positives and has a similarly low false negative rate