How potential spillover benefits generated by downtown sports facilities can be maximized

Many cities and public officials are faced with the issue of whether or not to construct a new sports facility for a professional sports franchise. Abundant research has been conducted on the economic impacts a sports facility and professional sports franchise have on a cities local and regional economy. Even with the evidence that a sports facility or professional sports franchise does not greatly affect a city\u27s or region\u27s economy, stadiums and arenas have been constructed at a rapid pace in America throughout the 1990\u27s and continue to be on the forefront into the new century. With its opening in 1993, Oriole Park at Camden Yards became a model for future downtown sport facility construction and created a new wave of downtown sport facility construction. Conceived around a new idea of constructing the sports facility at a pedestrian scale and integrating it into the downtown network, often as part of a larger development plan, this new sports facility wave is aimed at maximizing the spillover benefits generated by the sports facility. Following Baltimore, many cities have just built, are currently building, or have proposed new stadiums and arenas that are conceived around this new wave of downtown sports facility construction aimed at maximizing the spillover benefits generated by downtown sports facilities. It is the ideal that people will attend the games, and patronize the existing businesses around the sports facility. Other businesses will want to capitalize on this potential and build in the area, recreating a vibrant area of downtown. In the long run, the area will hopefully redevelop into a lively place where offices, restaurants, retail, small businesses, entertainment, and residential uses coincide. The focus of this research is concerned with how potential spillover benefits generated by downtown sports facilities can be maximized. In no way does this research attempt to demonstrate that sport facilities are economic development engines or are economically feasible. As previous studies have shown, sports facilities typically do not act as economic engines, do not create jobs, and do not operate at a profit. The arenas and stadiums built in the cities included in this thesis are the result of professional franchises wishing to increase their competitiveness and profitability. The selected case cities have wished to cave to the demands of the professional franchise, and have chosen to locate a new sports facility in downtown. Assuming that this trend will not change, this thesis explains ways in which cities constructing new downtown sports facilities can get the most out of their investment by maximizing the potential spillover benefits generated by these projects, with the intentions of revitalizing their downtowns

An experimental study of the turbulent boundary layer on a transport wing in subsonic and transonic flow

The upper surface boundary layer on a transport wing model was extensively surveyed with miniature yaw probes at a subsonic and a transonic cruise condition. Additional data were obtained at a second transonic test condition, for which a separated region was present at mid-semispan, aft of mid-chord. Significant variation in flow direction with distance from the surface was observed near the trailing edge except at the wing root and tip. The data collected at the transonic cruise condition show boundary layer growth associated with shock wave/boundary layer interaction, followed by recovery of the boundary layer downstream of the shock. Measurements of fluctuating surface pressure and wingtip acceleration were also obtained. The influence of flow field unsteadiness on the boundary layer data is discussed. Comparisons among the data and predictions from a variety of computational methods are presented. The computed predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data in the outboard regions where 3-D effects are moderate and adverse pressure gradients are mild. In the more highly loaded mid-span region near the trailing edge, displacement thickness growth was significantly underpredicted, except when unrealistically severe adverse pressure gradients associated with inviscid calculations were used to perform boundary layer calculations

Effects of urban expansion on ownership, use and taxation of agricultural land

Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

Dearest

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/2858/thumbnail.jp

Machine Parameters and Projected Luminosity Performance of Proposed Future Colliders at CERN

In response to a request from the CERN Scientific Policy Committee (SPC), the machine parameters and expected luminosity performance for several proposed post-LHC collider projects at CERN are compiled: three types of hadron colliders (HL-LHC upgrade, FCC-hh and HE-LHC), a circular lepton collider (FCC-ee), a linear lepton collider (CLIC), and three options for lepton-hadron colliders (LHeC, HE-LHeC, and FCC-eh). Particular emphasis is put on availability, physics run time, and efficiency. The information contained in this document was presented at the SPC Meeting of September 2018. It will serve as one of the inputs to the 2019/20 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics