2,370 research outputs found
Apparatus for endoscopic examination
An endoscope is having a propulsion mechanism and at least one transmitter at the distal end transmitting bursts of energy waves (radio frequency or ultrasonic) for tracking the position of the distal end through the use of two or more transducers on the anterior or lateral surfaces of a patient is described. The propulsion mechanism which consists of two radially expandable bladders separated by an axially expandable bellows with only the forward bladder attached to the distal end is discussed. Alternate mechanisms are reported. A sheath on the endoscope which includes material having a sharp melting point slightly above body temperature so that the sheath is made flexible at selected sections by applying current to separate heating wires in the sections of the sheath is described
Vacuum evaporator with electromagnetic ion steering Patent
Device for high vacuum film deposition with electromagnetic ion steerin
Coupling apparatus for ultrasonic medical diagnostic system
An apparatus for the ultrasonic scanning of a breast or other tissue is reported that contains a cavity for receiving the breast, a vacuum for drawing the breast into intimate contact with the walls of the cavity, and transducers coupled through a fluid to the cavity to transmit sound waves through the breast. Each transducer lies at the end of a tapered chamber which has flexible walls and which is filled with fluid, so that the transducer can be moved in a raster pattern while the chamber walls flex accordingly, with sound transmission always occurring through the fluid
Constant magnification optical tracking system
A constant magnification optical tracking system for continuously tracking of a moving object is described. In the tracking system, a traveling objective lens maintains a fixed relationship with an object to be optically tracked. The objective lens was chosen to provide a collimated light beam oriented in the direction of travel of the moving object. A reflective surface is attached to the traveling objective lens for reflecting an image of the moving object. The object to be tracked is a free-falling object which is located at the focal point of the objective lens for at least a portion of its free-fall path. A motor and control means is provided for mantaining the traveling objective lens in a fixed relationship relative to the free-falling object, thereby keeping the free-falling object at the focal point and centered on the axis of the traveling objective lens throughout its entire free-fall path
Strong thin membrane structure
A continuous process is described for producing strong lightweight structures for use as solar sails for spacecraft propulsion by radiation pressure. A thin reflective coating, such as aluminum, is applied to a rotating cylinder. A nylon mesh, applied over the aluminum coating, is then coated with a polymerizing material such as a para-xylylene monomer gas to polymerize as a film bound to the mesh and the aluminum. An emissivity increasing material such as chromium or silicon monoxide is applied to the polymer film to disperse such material colloidally into the growing polymer film, or to the final polymer film. The resulting membrane structure is then removed from the cylinder. Alternately, the membrane structure can be formed by etching a substrate in the form of an organic film such as a polymide, or a metal foil, to remove material from the substrate and reduce its thickness. A thin reflective coating (aluminum) is applied on one side of the substrate, and an emissivity increasing coating is applied on the reverse side of the substrate
Feasibility study on the design of a probe for rectal cancer detection
Rectal examination techniques are considered in terms of detection capability, patient acceptance, and cost reduction. A review of existing clinical techniques are considered in terms of detection capability, patient acceptance, and cost reduction. A review of existing clinical techniques and of relevant aerospace technology included evaluation of the applicability of visual, thermal, ultrasound, and radioisotope modalities of examination. The desired improvements can be obtained by redesigning the proctosigmoidoscope to have reduced size, additional visibility, and the capability of readily providing a color photograph of the entire rectosigmoid mucosa in a single composite view
Intracranial surgical operative apparatus
Apparatus for operating on the brain with minimal disturbances thereto, including a bullet-shaped expandable device with an end that can be closed for insertion through a small hole in the brain. The device can be expanded after insertion to leave an air pocket through which to extend viewing and cutting devices which enable operation on tumors or the like that lie at the end of the expanded device. A set of probes of varying diameters are also provided, to progressively enlarge a passage leading to the tumor, prior to inserting the expandable device
Shoot growth of woody trees and shrubs is predicted by maximum plant height and associated traits
1. The rate of elongation and thickening of individual branches (shoots) varies across plant species. This variation is important for the outcome of competition and other plant-plant interactions. Here we compared rates of shoot growth across 44 species from tropical, warm temperate, and cool temperate forests of eastern Australia.2. Shoot growth rate was found to correlate with a suite of traits including the potential height of the species, xylem-specific conductivity, leaf size, leaf area per xylem cross-section, twig diameter (at 40 cm length), wood density and modulus of elasticity.3. Within this suite of traits, maximum plant height was the clearest correlate of growth rates, explaining 50 to 67% of the variation in growth overall (p p 4. Growth rates were not strongly correlated with leaf nitrogen or leaf mass per unit leaf area.5. Correlations between growth and maximum height arose both across latitude (47%, p p p p < 0.0001), reflecting intrinsic differences across species and sites
The probability of identifying the cosmic web environment of galaxies around clusters motivated by the Weave Wide Field Cluster Survey
Upcoming wide-field spectroscopic surveys will observe galaxies in a range of
cosmic web environments in and around galaxy clusters. In this paper, we test
and quantify how successfully we will be able to identify the environment of
individual galaxies in the vicinity of massive galaxy clusters, reaching out to
into the clusters' infall region. We focus on the WEAVE Wide
Field Cluster Survey (WWFCS), but the methods we develop can be easily
generalised to any similar spectroscopic survey. Using numerical simulations of
a large sample of massive galaxy clusters from \textsc{TheThreeHundred}
project, we produce mock observations that take into account the selection
effects and observational constraints imposed by the WWFCS. We then compare the
`true' environment of each galaxy derived from the simulations (cluster core,
filament, and neither core nor filament, {``NCF''}) with the one derived from
the observational data, where only galaxy sky positions and spectroscopic
redshifts will be available. We find that, while cluster core galaxy samples
can be built with a high level of completeness and moderate contamination, the
filament and NCF galaxy samples will be significantly contaminated and
incomplete due to projection effects exacerbated by the galaxies' peculiar
velocities. We conclude that, in the infall regions surrounding massive galaxy
clusters, associating galaxies with the correct cosmic web environment is
highly uncertain. However, with large enough spectroscopic samples like the
ones the WWFCS will provide (thousands of galaxies per cluster, {out to
}), and the correct statistical treatment that takes into account the
probabilities we provide here, we expect we will be able to extract robust and
well-quantified conclusions on the relationship between galaxy properties and
their environment.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (14 pages, 7 figures
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