Teste de envelhecimento acelerado na predição da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja armazenada

The work hypothesis is based on the idea that the accelerated aging test allows predicting the behavior of seeds during storage. The objective of this work is to evaluate whether the accelerated aging test is efficient to predict the behavior of soybean seeds during different periods and storage conditions. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (two storage times: 0 and 60 days, and two temperatures: 18 and room temperature). To compose the samples, two commercial soybean seed varieties were used, cultivar Maracaí and 98Y31. At time zero and at time of 60 days the seeds were submitted to the germination and tetrazolium test. The seeds were aged every 12 hours, starting at 24 hours and totaling 96 hours of aging. After each aging time, the seeds were submitted to the germination test. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, with comparison of means using the Tukey test at 5% 9 probability. The accelerated aging test is not efficient to predict the behavior of soybean seeds of the 98Y31 and Maracaí varieties during different storage periods.A hipótese do trabalho baseia-se na ideia que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado permite predizer o comportamento das sementes durante o armazenamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar se o teste de envelhecimento acelerado é eficiente para predizer o comportamento das sementes de soja durante diferentes períodos e condições de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (dois tempos de armazenamento: 0 e 60 dias, e duas temperaturas: 18 e temperatura ambiente). Para compor as amostras, utilizou-se duas variedades de sementes comerciais de soja, cultivar Maracaí e 98Y31. No tempo zero e no tempo de 60 dias as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de germinação e tetrazólio. As sementes foram envelhecidas a cada 12 horas, iniciando às 24 horas e totalizando 96 horas de envelhecimento. Após cada tempo de envelhecimento, as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de germinação. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, com comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey à 5% de probabilidade. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado não é eficiente para predizer o comportamento das sementes de soja das variedades 98Y31 e Maracaí durante diferentes períodos de armazenamento

Adopsi Teknologi Informasi di Marikultur Berbasis Ekonomi Inovasi dan Ekologi Lingkungan di Asia Tenggara

Penerapan teknologi informasi pada di Marineculture di Asia Tenggara, yang berfokus pada inovasi ekonomi dan ekologi lingkungan, sangat penting bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan. Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah melalui pendekatan dan aplikasi : (1) Transformasi Digital. Hal ini mencakup peningkatan infrastruktur, promosi e-commerce, dan pengembangan kewirausahaan digital. (2) Pengembangan Sains, Teknologi & Inovasi: harus dipandang sebagai investasi untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kemajuan teknologi berbasis Ekonomi Digital. (3) Adopsi dilakukan dengan Transisi Ramah Lingkungan agar pengembangan teknologi berkontribusi terhadap ekologi lingkungan. (4) Dukungan penuh dari pemerintah melalui kebijakan pemberian kredit finansial dan penyuluhan tentang aplikasi teknologi berbasi IoT kepada pembudidaya ikan kecil. Oleh karena itu, negara-negara Asia Tenggara harus memanfaatkan teknologi untuk inovasi ekonomi sambil memastikan kelestarian lingkungan melalui penerapan praktik dan kebijakan ramah lingkungan

Model and Sensor-Based Recommendation Approaches for In-Season Nitrogen Management in Corn

Nitrogen management for corn (Zea mays L.) may be improved by applying a portion of N in-season. This investigation was conducted to evaluate crop modeling (Maize-N) and active crop canopy sensing approaches for recommending in-season N fertilizer rates. These approaches were evaluated during 2012–2013 on 11 field sites, in Missouri, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Nitrogen management also included a no-N treatment (check) and a non-limiting N reference (all at planting). Nitrogen management treatments were assessed for two hybrids and at low and high seeding rates, arranged in a randomized complete block design. In 9 of 11 site-years, the sensor-based approach recommended lower in-season N rates than the model (collectively 59% less N), resulting in trends of higher partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) and higher agronomic efficiency (AE) than the model. However, yield was better protected by the model-based approach. In some situations, canopy sensing excelled at optimizing the N rate for localized conditions. With abnormally warm and moist soil conditions for the 2012 Nebraska sites and presumed high levels of inorganic N from mineralization, N application was appropriately reduced, resulting in no yield decrease and N savings compared to the non-limiting N reference. Depending on the site, both recommendation approaches were successful; a combination of model and sensor information may optimize in-season decision support for N recommendation

Towards sustainable tuna fishing: understanding the role of private incentive mechanisms

Unsustainable fishing practices, including the use of non-selective fishing methods and Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, contribute to the decline of tuna fish stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). This has led to emergence of different public and private governance arrangements to foster the sustainable exploitation of tuna stocks. This thesis focuses on the performance of three innovative private incentive mechanisms: Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs), International Seafood Sustainability Foundation’s Pro-active Vessel Register and eco-FADs, and Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification, to deliver economic incentives for improved production. The overall objective of this thesis is to evaluate the extent to which private incentive mechanisms influence Filipino fishers’ decision to improve their fishing practices. In order to address the overall objective, this thesis first analyses and compares the ways existing private incentive mechanisms influence the upgrading strategies of Filipino tuna fishers in the value chains (in chapter 2). Second, it evaluates the important determinants for small-scale handline fishers’ decisions to participate in two FIPs for yellowfin tuna in the Philippines (in chapter 3). Third, it examines the effect of MSC certification on the allocation of fishing days by Filipino purse seiners operating in Parties to Nauru Agreement (in chapter 4). And finally, it analyses the profitability of investments in measures needed to comply with private incentive mechanisms by Filipino purse seiners (in chapter 5). The findings show that overall, the incentive mechanisms are able to improve the practices of fishers, however only to a limited extent. The first two chapters (chapters 2 and 3) show that producers first need to have the capabilities to meet the requirements of private incentive mechanisms, so that they can be included in the value chain and that they can realise the incentives offered by these mechanisms. However, being capable does not guarantee that producers will improve their practices. As shown in the last two chapters (chapters 4 and 5), producers must also have the willingness to upgrade, based on their risk attitude and on the ability of the economic incentive to cover the additional costs and to compensate for the increase of the risks of participation of producers. Given that producers have the availability of capabilities to upgrade and that the benefit is sufficient to opt for participation, then producers may decide to improve their practices, which may contribute to the sustainability improvement goal of private incentive mechanisms. As a consequence of this finding, the incentives, inclusiveness, and improvements must be taken into account in both the design and implementation of private incentive mechanisms.</p

An original template solution for FAIR scientific text mining

This method paper presents a template solution for text mining of scientific literature using the R tm package. Literature to be analyzed can be collected manually or automatically using the code provided with this paper. Once the literature is collected, the three steps for conducting text mining can be performed as outlined below: • loading and cleaning of text from articles, • processing, statistical analysis, and clustering, and • presentation of results using generalized and tailor-made visualizations. The text mining steps can be applied to a single, multiple, or time series groups of documents. References are provided to three published peer reviewed articles that use the presented text mining methodology. The main advantages of our method are: (1) Its suitability for both research and educational purposes, (2) Compliance with the Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reproducible (FAIR) principles, and (3) code and example data are made available on GitHub under the open-source Apache V2 license