Becoming Camilla Urso: A Female Celebrity Violinist and the Transformation of American Musical Culture

Camilla Urso (1840-1902) was the first nationally famous female violinist in the United States. Between 1852-1902, Urso gave over a thousand concerts in the United States, becoming a musical celebrity on par with the Swedish soprano Jenny Lind. Through her public visibility, Urso transformed nineteenth-century American violin playing from a male-dominated field into an acceptable and even fashionable field for women. Despite her nineteenth-century fame, today Urso is mostly forgotten. Over the course of six chronological chapters, this thesis presents a contextual biography of Urso’s American concert career. Utilizing archival sources, digitized newspapers, and digital mapping methodologies, I argue Urso’s life and celebrity persona shifts expected geographical, cultural, and gendered narratives of nineteenth-century American musical culture

Aspects of Phytoplankton Chlorophyll A Carbon-Specific Growth Rates, and the Distributions of Chlorophyll A and Primary Productivity in Relation to Water Column Structure in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean

This dissertation consists of three chapters, two of which are presented in manuscript form. Chapter One is an introduction and review of the measurement of phytoplankton chlorophyll a carbon-specific growth rates. Chapter Two consists of the manuscript ASPECTS OF CHLOROPHYLL a CARBONSPECIFIC GROWTH RATE IN THE EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN. It has been formatted in accordance with the specifications of the oceanographic journal Marine Ecology Progress Series. In Chapter Two, an evaluation of the short-term kinetics of the labeling time of natural phytoplankton populations in different oceanic regions showed that chI a labeling varied in relation to both environmental conditions and latitude. At subtropical stations rapid short-term increases in the activity of chI a were coincident with large (\u3e 38%) increases in total photosynthetically available radiation. The rapid short-term increases resulted in overestimates of the growth rate. Overall though, a strong correlation between chI a carbon-specific growth rates and independently-derived assimilation numbers was evident. This strong correlation, particularly with end-of-day samples suggests that the chI a labeling technique for phytoplankton carbon-specific growth rate determination is applicable in different oceanic regions under broadly varying environmental conditions. Chapter Three consists of the manuscript DISTRIBUTIONS OF CHLOROPHYLL AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN RELATION TO WATER COLUMN STRUCTURE IN THE EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN. Chapter Three has been formatted in accordance with specifications of the Journal of Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Chapter Three has been submitted under the co-authorship of G. Berberian for review by the Journal of Biogeochemical Cycles. In Chapter Three latitudinal variations in the megascale (103 km) distribution of biological properties were observed in relation to the water column structure between 60°N and 7°N in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. High chI a concentrations in the northern latitudes were associated with a shoaling of the pycnocline. A secondary region of high chI a at 7°N was associated with a lens of low salinity Amazon River water. Productivity maxima were located south of Iceland, in the vicinity of the Azores Front, and at the Amazon River water feature. The research described in Chapters Two and Three was performed during the Eastern North Atlantic section of the 1988 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Change Expedition. Two appendices are included in the dissertation which contain pertinent Global Change Expedition data used in the manuscripts. Appendix One contains data relevant to Chapter Two, while Appendix Two contains data relevant to Chapter Three. A NOAA Data Report (Frazel, Berberian and Hitchcock 1989) containing complete data for the Global Change Cruise is also available. Reference lists are included at the end of Chapters Two and Three, while a master reference list is given at the end of the dissertation. Chapter Three has been formatted in accordance with specifications of the Journal of Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Chapter Three has been submitted under the co-authorship of G. Berberian for review by the Journal of Biogeochemical Cycles. In Chapter Three latitudinal variations in the macroscale (103 km) distribution of biological properties were observed in relation to the water column structure between 60°N and 7°N in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. High chl a concentrations in the northern latitudes were associated with a shoaling of the pycnocline. A secondary region of high chI a at 7°N was associated with a lens of low salinity Amazon River water. Productivity maxima were located south of Iceland, in the vicinity of the Azores Front, and at the Amazon River water feature. The research described in Chapters Two and Three was performed during the Eastern North Atlantic section of the 1988 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Change Expedition. Two appendices are included in the dissertation which contain pertinent Global Change Expedition data used in the manuscripts. Appendix One contains data relevant to Chapter Two, while Appendix Two contains data relevant to Chapter Three. A NOAA Data Report (Frazel, Berberian and Hitchcock 1989) containing complete data for the Global Change Cruise is also available. Reference lists are included at the end of Chapters Two and Three, while a Master Reference List is given at the end of the dissertation

The Influence of Lobster Trap Escape Gaps on Capture and Behavior of the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille)

Interest in the potential usefulness of lobster trap escape gaps in the Florida spiny lobster fishery prompted an independent examination of their influence on capture and behavior of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. A trapping study was conducted off Southeastern Florida during 1984/1985 using control traps, and traps with escape gap openings of 51, 54, and 57 mm. The 51 mm escape gap caught significantly more legal lobsters than any other trap, while the 54 and 57 mm escape gap caught significantly fewer sublegal lobsters. Carapace lengths of lobsters increased as escape gap width increased. The impact of escape gaps on behavior of Panulirus argus was examined through field and laboratory observations. Lobsters with a carapace length of 75 mm or less were observed entering and exiting through a 51 mm escape gap. Legal lobsters (≥76 mm CL) were unable to escape from the trap. Dominance interaction or agonistic behavior were postulated to affect catch rates in escape gap traps. Direct observations indicate they do not appear to be a factor influencing catch rates of lobsters in traps with escape gaps. It is hypothesized that the escape gap acts as an auxiliary opening, enhancing the potential of capturing a sublegal lobster

Northern Coastal Basin surface water improvement and management plan : Northern Coastal Basin SWIM plan

In recognition of the need to place additional emphasis on the restoration, protection, and management of the surface water resources of the state, the Florida Legislature, through the Surface Water Improvement and Management (SWIM) Act of 1987, directed the state’s water management districts to “design and implement plans and programs for the improvement and management of surface water” (Section 373.451, Florida Statutes [FS]). The SWIM legislation requires the water management districts to protect the ecological, aesthetic, recreational, and economic value of the state’s surface water bodies, keeping in mind that water quality degradation is frequently caused by point and nonpoint source pollution and that degraded water quality can cause both direct and indirect losses of aquatic habitats. The St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) initiated the Northern Coastal Basin (NCB) project in 1995 in response to general water quality concerns and the closure of historic shellfish harvesting areas. Potential negative impacts from current and anticipated growth on coastal resources, particularly shellfish harvesting, highlighted the need for a dedicated program to address surface water quality and estuary issues. In addition, a number of water bodies in the NCB are listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (303d list) as not having sufficient water quality to meet their designated uses. The purpose of the NCB SWIM Plan is to set forth a proactive course of action, identifying the projects that address both estuarine water quality and habitat protection, and the effort needed to accomplish them, consistent with the levels and trends of available funding. (99pp.

A laboratory model of a cooled continental shelf

A laboratory model of wintertme cooling over a continental shelf has a water surface cooled by air in an annular rotating tank. A flat shallow outer "continental shelf" region is next to a conical "contiental slope" bottom and a flat "deep ocean" center. The shelf flow consists of cellular convection cells descending into a region with very complicated baroclinic eddies. Extremely pronounced fronts are found at the shelf break and over the slope. Associated with these are sizable geostrophic currents along the shelf and over shelf break contour. Eddies are particularly energetic there. Cooling rate is compared with temperature difference between "continental shelf" and "deep ocean". Scaling considerations produce an empirical best fit formula for temperature difference as a function of cooling rate. This produces a relatively straight regression line over a wide range of rotation rates, shelf depths and cooling rates. If this formula is valid for the ocean, water over continental shelves will be much colder due to constraints imposed by rotation of the earth than if the fluid were not rotating.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-89-J-1037

Luther's lives: Two contemporary accounts of Martin Luther

This volume brings together two important contemporary accounts of the life of Martin Luther in a confrontation that had been postponed for more than 450 years. The first of these accounts was written after Luther's death, when it was rumoured that demons had seized the reformer on his deathbed and dragged him off to Hell. In response to these rumours, Luther's friend and colleague, Philip Melanchthon, wrote and published a brief encomium of the reformer in 1548. A completely new translation of this text appears in this book. It was in response to Melanchthon's work that Johannes Cochlaeus completed and published his own monumental life of Luther in 1549, which is translated and made available in English for the first time in this volume. After witnessing Luther's declaration before Charles V at the Diet of Worms, Cochlaeus sought out Luther and debated with him. However, the confrontation left him convinced that Luther was an impious and malevolent man. Consequently, over the next twenty-five years, Cochlaeus fought vigorously against the influence of the Reformation. Such is the detail and importance of Cochlaeus' life of Luther that for an eyewitness account of the Reformation - and the beginnings of the Catholic Counter-Reformation - there is simply no other historical document to compare. Published in collaboration with The Sohmer-Hall Foundation, this book also supplies introductory texts to the lives of both Cochlaeus and Melanchthon, plus comprehensive annotation for readers who wish to make a broader study of the period. These translations will be essential reading for students and academics of the Reformation and all early modern historians interested in this fascinating period of religious history

Making the Violin Fashionable: Gender and Virtuosity in the Life of Camilla Urso

In the late nineteenth century, the violinist Camilla Urso (1840-1902) was widely recognized as the preeminent female violinist in the United States. As a nationally famous celebrity, Urso became a pedagogue and role model to subsequent generations of female violinists. Both the wide-ranging geographic spread of Urso’s career and her direct advocacy for women violinists played a pivotal role in changing cultural ideals of violin performance from a militant and masculine bravura tradition into a fashionable pursuit for young women. A classmate of HenrykWieniawski (1835-1880) and a concert rival of the Norwegian virtuoso Ole Bull (1810-1880), Urso’s career rested on the shoulders of the nineteenth century bravura tradition. In her own playing, Urso merged virtuosic works with a feminine sensitivity creating a celebrity persona of the “The Queen of the Violin,” while also redefining gender norms of violin performance for women. First, this paper will examine Urso’s celebrity through two contrasting concerts, one in 1852 and the other in 1885, that illustrate the development of her repertoire and shed light on the world on the nineteenth century concert artist. Secondly, this paper will explore Urso’s role as a pedagogue through her professorship at the National Conservatory of Music, her connection to the New York Women’s String Orchestra, and her own published writings. Through her performance and teaching, Urso profoundly changed the possibilities for women violinists at the turn of the twentieth century

The Gulf Stream Front, Its Role in Larval Fish Survival and Recruitment in Florida: Hydrographic Station and Plankton Data

The goal of this project was to develop a clearer understanding of the role that the Gulf Stream system plays in larval fish survival and recruitment in Florida waters. The specific objectives of this study were to: Determine whether the biomass of fish larva, other zooplankton, microzooplankton and phytoplankton is higher at the shoreward front of the Gulf Stream than on either side of it. Characterize the assemblages of fish larvae predators and prey both at the front and on either side of it. Determine if the composition, abundance and size frequency distribution of larval and juvenile fishes in the front is different from that in the coastal zone or in the Gulf Stream. Monitor the position of the Gulf Stream by continuous measurements of physical variables at moorings located in the Gulf Stream off Fort Lauderdale and within Port Everglades. This project was a first effort to characterize the coupling between physical and biological processes that may influence the early life histories of fishes in Florida\u27s coastal waters. This report contains the hydrographic and plankton data from the project. It is intended to facilitate data access by the scientific and management communities. Interpretations and detailed analyses of these data are being given in meeting presentations, peer-reviewed journal articles (Stone et al. draft manuscript, Braker et al. draft manuscript, Frazel et al. in preparation) and graduate theses (Stone 1993; Braker 1993)

Fatty Acids Increase Neuronal Hypertrophy of Pten Knockdown Neurons

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) catalyzes the reverse reaction of PI3K by dephosphorylating PIP3 to PIP2. This negatively regulates downstream Akt/mTOR/S6 signaling resulting in decreased cellular growth and proliferation. Co-injection of a lentivirus knocking Pten down with a control lentivirus allows us to compare the effects of Pten knockdown between individual neurons within the same animal. We find that knockdown of Pten results in neuronal hypertrophy by 21 days post-injection. This neuronal hypertrophy is correlated with increased p-S6 and p-mTOR in individual neurons. We used this system to test whether an environmental factor that has been implicated in cellular hypertrophy could influence the severity of the Pten knockdown-induced hypertrophy. Implantation of mini-osmotic pumps delivering fatty acids results in increased neuronal hypertrophy and p-S6/p-mTOR staining. These hypertrophic effects were reversed in response to rapamycin treatment. However, we did not observe a similar increase in hypertrophy in response to dietary manipulations of fatty acids. Thus, we conclude that by driving growth signaling with fatty acids and knocking down a critical regulator of growth, Pten, we are able to observe an additive morphological phenotype of increased soma size mediated by the mTOR pathway

An unexpected nitrate distribution in the tropical North Atlantic at 18°N, 30°W—implications for new production

During a R.V. Meteor JGOFS-NABE cruise to a tropical site in the northeast Atlantic in spring 1989, three different vertical regimes with respect to nitrate distribution and availability within the euphotic zone were observed. Besides dramatic variations in the depth of the nitracline, a previously undescribed nose-like nitrate maximum within the euphotic zone was the most prominent feature during this study. Both the vertical structure of phytoplankton biomass and the degree of absolute and relative new production were related to the depth of the nitracline, which in turn was dependent on the occurrence/non-occurrence of the subsurface subtropical salinity maximum (S(max)). The mesoscale variability of the nitracline depth, as indicated from a pre-survey grid, and published data on the frequent occurrence of the S(max) in tropical waters suggest higher variability of new production and F-ratio than usually expected for oligotrophic oceans. The importance of salt fingering and double diffusion for nitrate transport into the euphotic zone is discussed