61 research outputs found
Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
<br>Background:
Pelvic organ prolapse is common and is strongly associated with childbirth and increasing age. Women with prolapsed are often advised to do pelvic floor muscle exercises, but supporting evidence is limited. Our aim was to establish if one-to-one individualised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is effective in reducing prolapse symptoms.</br>
<br>Methods: A parallel‐group multicentre randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN35911035) in female outpatients with newly-diagnosed, symptomatic stage I, II or III prolapse, comparing five PFMT appointments over 16 weeks (n=225) versus a lifestyle advice leaflet (n=222). Treatment allocation was by remote computer allocation using minimisation. Our primary endpoint was participants’ self-report of prolapsed symptoms at 12 months. Group assignment was masked from outcome assessors. We compared outcomes between trial groups in an intention-to-treat analysis. The cost of PFMT and savings on subsequent treatments were calculated to estimate cost-effectiveness.</br>
<br>Findings: Compared to the control group, the intervention group reported fewer prolapse symptoms at 12 months (mean difference between groups in change score 1.52, 95% CI [0.46, 2.59], p=0.0053); reported their prolapse to be “better” more often (57.2% versus 44.7%, difference 12.6%, 95% CI [1.1%, 24.1%], p=0.0336); and had an increased but non-significant odds of having less severe stage of prolapse at their 6-month clinical examination, (OR 1.47, 95% CI [0.97, 2.27], p=0.07). The control group had a greater uptake of other prolapse treatment (49.6% versus 24.1%, difference 25.5%, 95% CI [14.5%, 36.0%], p <0.0001). Findings were robust to missing data. The net cost of the 25 intervention was £131.61 per woman and the cost per one-point reduction in the symptom score was £86.59, 95% CI [£50.81, £286.11]. </br>
Upsilon (1S+2S+3S) production in d+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV and cold-nuclear matter effects
The three Upsilon states, Upsilon(1S+2S+3S), are measured in d+Au and p+p
collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV and rapidities 1.2<|y|<2.2 by the PHENIX
experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. Cross sections for the
inclusive Upsilon(1S+2S+3S) production are obtained. The inclusive yields per
binary collision for d+Au collisions relative to those in p+p collisions
(R_dAu) are found to be 0.62 +/- 0.26 (stat) +/- 0.13 (syst) in the gold-going
direction and 0.91 +/- 0.33 (stat) +/- 0.16 (syst) in the deuteron-going
direction. The measured results are compared to a nuclear-shadowing model,
EPS09 [JHEP 04, 065 (2009)], combined with a final-state breakup cross section,
sigma_br, and compared to lower energy p+A results. We also compare the results
to the PHENIX J/psi results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 142301 (2011)]. The rapidity
dependence of the observed Upsilon suppression is consistent with lower energy
p+A measurements.Comment: 495 authors, 11 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and
previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Measurements of elliptic and triangular flow in high-multiplicity HeAu collisions at GeV
We present the first measurement of elliptic () and triangular ()
flow in high-multiplicity HeAu collisions at
GeV. Two-particle correlations, where the particles have a large separation in
pseudorapidity, are compared in HeAu and in collisions and
indicate that collective effects dominate the second and third Fourier
components for the correlations observed in the HeAu system. The
collective behavior is quantified in terms of elliptic and triangular
anisotropy coefficients measured with respect to their corresponding
event planes. The values are comparable to those previously measured in
Au collisions at the same nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy.
Comparison with various theoretical predictions are made, including to models
where the hot spots created by the impact of the three He nucleons on the
Au nucleus expand hydrodynamically to generate the triangular flow. The
agreement of these models with data may indicate the formation of low-viscosity
quark-gluon plasma even in these small collision systems.Comment: 630 authors, 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. v2 is the version accepted
for publication by Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the
points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or
will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Double Spin Asymmetry of Electrons from Heavy Flavor Decays in p+p Collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
We report on the first measurement of double-spin asymmetry, A_LL, of
electrons from the decays of hadrons containing heavy flavor in longitudinally
polarized p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV for p_T= 0.5 to 3.0 GeV/c. The
asymmetry was measured at mid-rapidity (|eta|<0.35) with the PHENIX detector at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measured asymmetries are consistent
with zero within the statistical errors. We obtained a constraint for the
polarized gluon distribution in the proton of |Delta g/g(log{_10}x=
-1.6^+0.5_-0.4, {mu}=m_T^c)|^2 < 0.033 (1 sigma), based on a leading-order
perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics model, using the measured asymmetry.Comment: 385 authors, 17 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
D. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and
previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Measurement of long-range angular correlation and quadrupole anisotropy of pions and (anti)protons in central Au collisions at =200 GeV
We present azimuthal angular correlations between charged hadrons and energy
deposited in calorimeter towers in central Au and minimum bias
collisions at GeV. The charged hadron is measured at
midrapidity , and the energy is measured at large rapidity
(, Au-going direction). An enhanced near-side angular
correlation across 2.75 is observed in Au collisions.
Using the event plane method applied to the Au-going energy distribution, we
extract the anisotropy strength for inclusive charged hadrons at
midrapidity up to GeV/. We also present the measurement of
for identified and (anti)protons in central Au collisions,
and observe a mass-ordering pattern similar to that seen in heavy ion
collisions. These results are compared with viscous hydrodynamic calculations
and measurements from Pb at TeV. The magnitude of
the mass-ordering in Au is found to be smaller than that in Pb
collisions, which may indicate smaller radial flow in lower energy Au
collisions.Comment: 424 authors, 8 pages, and 4 figures. v2 is version accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. Published version will be at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/info/pp1/161/ Plain text data tables
will be at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Cold-nuclear-matter effects on heavy-quark production at forward and backward rapidity in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
The PHENIX experiment has measured open heavy-flavor production via
semileptonic decay muons over the transverse momentum range 1 < pT < 6 GeV/c at
forward and backward rapidity (1.4 < |y| < 2.0) in d+Au and p+p collisions at
?sNN = 200 GeV. In central d+Au collisions an enhancement (suppression) of
heavy-flavor muon production is observed at backward (forward) rapidity
relative to the yield in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary
collisions. Modification of the gluon density distribution in the Au nucleus
contributes in terms of anti-shadowing enhancement and shadowing suppression;
however, the enhancement seen at backward rapidity exceeds expectations from
this effect alone. These results, implying an important role for additional
cold nuclear matter effects, serves as a key baseline for heavy-quark
measurements in A+A collisions and in constraining the magnitude of charmonia
breakup effects at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron
Collider.Comment: 424 authors, 69 insitutions, 8 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to
Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in
figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly
available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
Inclusive double-helicity asymmetries in neutral pion and eta meson production in collisions at GeV
Results are presented from data recorded in 2009 by the PHENIX experiment at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for the double-longitudinal spin asymmetry,
, for and production in GeV polarized
collisions. Comparison of the results with different theory
expectations based on fits of other published data showed a preference for
small positive values of gluon polarization, , in the proton in the
probed Bjorken range. The effect of adding the new 2009 \pz data to a
recent global analysis of polarized scattering data is also shown, resulting in
a best fit value \Delta G^{[0.05,0.2]}_{\mbox{DSSV}} = 0.06^{+0.11}_{-0.15}
in the range , with the uncertainty at when
considering only statistical experimental uncertainties. Shifting the PHENIX
data points by their systematic uncertainty leads to a variation of the
best-fit value of \Delta G^{[0.05,0.2]}_{\mbox{DSSV}} between and
, demonstrating the need for full treatment of the experimental
systematic uncertainties in future global analyses.Comment: 380 authors, 19 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
D. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and
previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at
http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
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