61 research outputs found

    Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse: a multicentre randomised controlled trial

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    <br>Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is common and is strongly associated with childbirth and increasing age. Women with prolapsed are often advised to do pelvic floor muscle exercises, but supporting evidence is limited. Our aim was to establish if one-to-one individualised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is effective in reducing prolapse symptoms.</br> <br>Methods: A parallel‐group multicentre randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN35911035) in female outpatients with newly-diagnosed, symptomatic stage I, II or III prolapse, comparing five PFMT appointments over 16 weeks (n=225) versus a lifestyle advice leaflet (n=222). Treatment allocation was by remote computer allocation using minimisation. Our primary endpoint was participants’ self-report of prolapsed symptoms at 12 months. Group assignment was masked from outcome assessors. We compared outcomes between trial groups in an intention-to-treat analysis. The cost of PFMT and savings on subsequent treatments were calculated to estimate cost-effectiveness.</br> <br>Findings: Compared to the control group, the intervention group reported fewer prolapse symptoms at 12 months (mean difference between groups in change score 1.52, 95% CI [0.46, 2.59], p=0.0053); reported their prolapse to be “better” more often (57.2% versus 44.7%, difference 12.6%, 95% CI [1.1%, 24.1%], p=0.0336); and had an increased but non-significant odds of having less severe stage of prolapse at their 6-month clinical examination, (OR 1.47, 95% CI [0.97, 2.27], p=0.07). The control group had a greater uptake of other prolapse treatment (49.6% versus 24.1%, difference 25.5%, 95% CI [14.5%, 36.0%], p <0.0001). Findings were robust to missing data. The net cost of the 25 intervention was £131.61 per woman and the cost per one-point reduction in the symptom score was £86.59, 95% CI [£50.81, £286.11]. </br&gt

    Upsilon (1S+2S+3S) production in d+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV and cold-nuclear matter effects

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    The three Upsilon states, Upsilon(1S+2S+3S), are measured in d+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV and rapidities 1.2<|y|<2.2 by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. Cross sections for the inclusive Upsilon(1S+2S+3S) production are obtained. The inclusive yields per binary collision for d+Au collisions relative to those in p+p collisions (R_dAu) are found to be 0.62 +/- 0.26 (stat) +/- 0.13 (syst) in the gold-going direction and 0.91 +/- 0.33 (stat) +/- 0.16 (syst) in the deuteron-going direction. The measured results are compared to a nuclear-shadowing model, EPS09 [JHEP 04, 065 (2009)], combined with a final-state breakup cross section, sigma_br, and compared to lower energy p+A results. We also compare the results to the PHENIX J/psi results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 142301 (2011)]. The rapidity dependence of the observed Upsilon suppression is consistent with lower energy p+A measurements.Comment: 495 authors, 11 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

    Measurements of elliptic and triangular flow in high-multiplicity 3^{3}He++Au collisions at sNN=200\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200 GeV

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    We present the first measurement of elliptic (v2v_2) and triangular (v3v_3) flow in high-multiplicity 3^{3}He++Au collisions at sNN=200\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200 GeV. Two-particle correlations, where the particles have a large separation in pseudorapidity, are compared in 3^{3}He++Au and in pp++pp collisions and indicate that collective effects dominate the second and third Fourier components for the correlations observed in the 3^{3}He++Au system. The collective behavior is quantified in terms of elliptic v2v_2 and triangular v3v_3 anisotropy coefficients measured with respect to their corresponding event planes. The v2v_2 values are comparable to those previously measured in dd++Au collisions at the same nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy. Comparison with various theoretical predictions are made, including to models where the hot spots created by the impact of the three 3^{3}He nucleons on the Au nucleus expand hydrodynamically to generate the triangular flow. The agreement of these models with data may indicate the formation of low-viscosity quark-gluon plasma even in these small collision systems.Comment: 630 authors, 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. v2 is the version accepted for publication by Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

    Double Spin Asymmetry of Electrons from Heavy Flavor Decays in p+p Collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV

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    We report on the first measurement of double-spin asymmetry, A_LL, of electrons from the decays of hadrons containing heavy flavor in longitudinally polarized p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV for p_T= 0.5 to 3.0 GeV/c. The asymmetry was measured at mid-rapidity (|eta|<0.35) with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measured asymmetries are consistent with zero within the statistical errors. We obtained a constraint for the polarized gluon distribution in the proton of |Delta g/g(log{_10}x= -1.6^+0.5_-0.4, {mu}=m_T^c)|^2 < 0.033 (1 sigma), based on a leading-order perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics model, using the measured asymmetry.Comment: 385 authors, 17 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

    Measurement of long-range angular correlation and quadrupole anisotropy of pions and (anti)protons in central dd++Au collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200 GeV

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    We present azimuthal angular correlations between charged hadrons and energy deposited in calorimeter towers in central dd++Au and minimum bias pp++pp collisions at sNN=200\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200 GeV. The charged hadron is measured at midrapidity η<0.35|\eta|<0.35, and the energy is measured at large rapidity (3.7<η<3.1-3.7<\eta<-3.1, Au-going direction). An enhanced near-side angular correlation across Δη>|\Delta\eta| > 2.75 is observed in dd++Au collisions. Using the event plane method applied to the Au-going energy distribution, we extract the anisotropy strength v2v_2 for inclusive charged hadrons at midrapidity up to pT=4.5p_T=4.5 GeV/cc. We also present the measurement of v2v_2 for identified π±\pi^{\pm} and (anti)protons in central dd++Au collisions, and observe a mass-ordering pattern similar to that seen in heavy ion collisions. These results are compared with viscous hydrodynamic calculations and measurements from pp++Pb at sNN=5.02\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=5.02 TeV. The magnitude of the mass-ordering in dd++Au is found to be smaller than that in pp++Pb collisions, which may indicate smaller radial flow in lower energy dd++Au collisions.Comment: 424 authors, 8 pages, and 4 figures. v2 is version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. Published version will be at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/info/pp1/161/ Plain text data tables will be at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

    Cold-nuclear-matter effects on heavy-quark production at forward and backward rapidity in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV

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    The PHENIX experiment has measured open heavy-flavor production via semileptonic decay muons over the transverse momentum range 1 < pT < 6 GeV/c at forward and backward rapidity (1.4 < |y| < 2.0) in d+Au and p+p collisions at ?sNN = 200 GeV. In central d+Au collisions an enhancement (suppression) of heavy-flavor muon production is observed at backward (forward) rapidity relative to the yield in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary collisions. Modification of the gluon density distribution in the Au nucleus contributes in terms of anti-shadowing enhancement and shadowing suppression; however, the enhancement seen at backward rapidity exceeds expectations from this effect alone. These results, implying an important role for additional cold nuclear matter effects, serves as a key baseline for heavy-quark measurements in A+A collisions and in constraining the magnitude of charmonia breakup effects at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider.Comment: 424 authors, 69 insitutions, 8 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

    Measurements of identified particle anisotropic flow in Cu plus Au and U plus U collisions by PHENIX experiment

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    Inclusive double-helicity asymmetries in neutral pion and eta meson production in p+p\vec{p}+\vec{p} collisions at s=200\sqrt{s}=200 GeV

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    Results are presented from data recorded in 2009 by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for the double-longitudinal spin asymmetry, ALLA_{LL}, for π0\pi^0 and η\eta production in s=200\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV polarized pp++pp collisions. Comparison of the π0\pi^0 results with different theory expectations based on fits of other published data showed a preference for small positive values of gluon polarization, ΔG\Delta G, in the proton in the probed Bjorken xx range. The effect of adding the new 2009 \pz data to a recent global analysis of polarized scattering data is also shown, resulting in a best fit value \Delta G^{[0.05,0.2]}_{\mbox{DSSV}} = 0.06^{+0.11}_{-0.15} in the range 0.05<x<0.20.05<x<0.2, with the uncertainty at Δχ2=9\Delta \chi^2 = 9 when considering only statistical experimental uncertainties. Shifting the PHENIX data points by their systematic uncertainty leads to a variation of the best-fit value of \Delta G^{[0.05,0.2]}_{\mbox{DSSV}} between 0.020.02 and 0.120.12, demonstrating the need for full treatment of the experimental systematic uncertainties in future global analyses.Comment: 380 authors, 19 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
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