Experimental study of mercury removal from exhaust gases

An initial study has been made of the use of synthetic zeolites for mercury capture from exhaust gases. Synthetic zeolites (Na-X and Na-P1), and for comparison a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) and activated carbon with bromine (AC/Br) were tested for mercury uptake from a gaseous stream. The materials were subjected to mercury adsorption tests and their thermal stability was evaluated. The untreated synthetic zeolites had negligible mercury uptake, but after impregnation with silver, the adsorption of mercury was markedly improved. The synthetic zeolite Na-X impregnated with silver adsorbed significantly more mercury before breakthrough than the activated carbon impregnated with bromine, indicating the potential of zeolite derived from coal fly ash as a new sorbent for capture of mercury from flue gases

Partial dissolution of glauconitic samples : Implications for the methodology of K-Ar and Rb-Sr dating

The K-Ar dating of glauconite has been used as an important stratigraphic tool for many decades. The application of this technique is limited to pure glauconites, free of detrital contamination by K-bearing phases, often not easy to detect. This study extends the application of isotope dating to the contaminated glauconites and offers a precise technique for detecting the detrital contamination of glauconites. The most common K-bearing detrital contaminants have smaller (K-feldspars, Al-rich dioctahedral micas) or greater (trioctahedral micas) dissolution rates than glauconite in extremely low pH solutions. The differences in the dissolution rates can be applied to evaluate the purity of the glauconite and its crystallization age. The interlaboratory GLO glauconite standard and grain-size fractions separated from glauconitic sandstones of the Paleogene (sample GL) and Jurassic (sample GW8) ages were treated with acid (3 M HCl, at 99±2°C) for different reaction times (0.5-7 h) and measured for their apparent isotopic ages. Microporous amorphous silica with large specific surface area is the solid product of the reaction and its content increases with reaction time. The K-Ar dates (apparent ages) of the solid residues increase significantly with reaction time: from 44.6 to 107 Ma for the GL sample and from 125.7 to 394.7 Ma for GW8. The increase is negligible in the case of the GLO standard. The Rb-Sr data of the GL sample were modeled using initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.707-0.709, which resulted in a 29.9-35.8 Ma date for the untreated portions of GL, and ∼42.6 Ma after 7 h of treatment. The increase of isotopic K-Ar date with increasing time of dissolution is interpreted to be a result of increasing concentration of detrital, acid-resistant, K-bearing minerals, observed also with the electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Probabilistic modeling based on single (K-Ar) or double (K-Ar and Rb-Sr) isotopic systems evaluated the isotopic ages of the detrital and authigenic minerals, and their K2O and Rb concentrations. The crystallization ages computed using these two methods are: 24.0, 26.5, and 32.3 Ma for the GL material, and 117.3-121.8 Ma for the GW8 series. The proposed method based on partial dissolution is a potential tool for evaluating the reliability of glauconite dating