Estimating Individual Feed Intake of Group-Fed Steers by Modified Weighing Design

An experimental design for estimation of feed intake of individual animals fed in pairs or groups is discussed. Procedures are given to compute 95% confidence intervals of estimates. The accuracy a researcher needs for experimentation will suggest whether he can successfully utilize this procedure for estimation of feed intake of individual animals. Disadvantages of the design appear to be related to numbers of replicates required when large numbers of animals are involved. © 1978, American Dairy Science Association. All rights reserved

Large-uncertainty intelligent states for angular momentum and angle

The equality in the uncertainty principle for linear momentum and position is obtained for states which also minimize the uncertainty product. However, in the uncertainty relation for angular momentum and angular position both sides of the inequality are state dependent and therefore the intelligent states, which satisfy the equality, do not necessarily give a minimum for the uncertainty product. In this paper, we highlight the difference between intelligent states and minimum uncertainty states by investigating a class of intelligent states which obey the equality in the angular uncertainty relation while having an arbitrarily large uncertainty product. To develop an understanding for the uncertainties of angle and angular momentum for the large-uncertainty intelligent states we compare exact solutions with analytical approximations in two limiting cases.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, submitted to J. Opt. B special issue in connection with ICSSUR 2005 conferenc

Outlaw Community Innovations

Recent studies of outlaw communities provide qualitative evidence of their existence and the organisation of the underlying innovation processes. We provide descriptive results from a large scale survey of two online outlaw communities focussing on Microsoft's XBox. In line with previous findings, we identify two types of participants in outlaw communities - user innovators and adopters. Based on 2,256 responses, we find that users modify their XBox mainly to be able to increase the set of available functions of their XBox. Users are also motivated to modify their XBox for the sake of having fun and to conduct pirate behaviour. Finally, the results from our survey suggest that user innovators are largely intrinsically motivated by fun and the intellectual stimulation of writing code for homebrew software

Spectroscopic Measurements of Arc Temperatures in a Model HV Circuit Breaker

Optical emission spectroscopy was applied to determine radial plasma temperature profiles over the arc cross section of an axially blown arc. Two gases are investigated - technical air and CO2. The diagnostics is based on optical emission spectroscopy in appropriate wavelength ranges containing atomic and ionic lines of oxygen as well as nitrogen and carbon, respectively. Radial temperature profiles are obtained from emission coefficients including pressure measurements and calculated plasma compositions

Interaction Between Calf Sex and Calf Genetic Type for Preweaning Traits of Calves Varying in Percentage Brahman Breeding

Two data sets were utilized to evaluate interaction between calf sex and calf genetic type for preweaning performance of calves varying in percentage (0, 50, 100) Brahman breeding. Data set I involved birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, and weaning weight records on 3562 Angus (AA), Brahman ♂ × Angus ♀ (BA) and Brahman (BB) calves; data set II consisted of birth weight, preweaning average daily gain and weaning weight records on 3752 Hereford (HH), Brahman ♂ × Hereford ♀ (BH) and Brahman (BB) calves. For both data sets, the calf sex × calf genetic type interaction was significant (P\u3c0.01) except for preweaning average daily gain in data set II. In all cases, the significant interactions were represented by a change in magnitude rather than a change in rank for the two sexes of each calf genetic type. These results indicate that sex differences are expected to be much greater for Brahman-sired BA and BH calves than for calves of 0% (AA or HH) or 100% (BB) Brahman breeding. These increased sex differences are of greatest importance for birth weight because of the relationship that exists between birth weight and calving difficulty

Records and sequences of records from random variables with a linear trend

We consider records and sequences of records drawn from discrete time series of the form $X_{n}=Y_{n}+cn$, where the $Y_{n}$ are independent and identically distributed random variables and $c$ is a constant drift. For very small and very large drift velocities, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the probability $p_n(c)$ of a record occurring in the $n$th step and the probability $P_N(c)$ that all $N$ entries are records, i.e. that $X_1 < X_2 < ... < X_N$. Our work is motivated by the analysis of temperature time series in climatology, and by the study of mutational pathways in evolutionary biology.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure

Ovalocytosis and Malaria in Napu Valley, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Pada Penelitian di 3 desa, Tamadue, Maholo dan Winowanga di Lembah Napu, Sulawesi Tengah, didapatkan pre­valensi ovalositosis pada penduduk masing-masing sebesar 26%, 25% dan 14%. Dari jumlah penduduk 371 yang diperik­sa darahnya dari ketiga desa tersebut 22% menderita ovalositosis dengan 7% di antaranya menderita malaria. Sedang­kan dari sisanya 78% penduduk yang mempunyai sel darah merah normal, 20% di antaranya menderita malaria. Per­bedaan ini ternyata bermakna, sehingga ada korelasi antara ovalositosis dengan infeksi malaria. Ada kecenderungan golongan anak umur 2-9 tahun yang mempunyai ovalositosis dalam darahnya akan lebih resisten terhadap infeksi mala­ria dibanding golongan umur yang lain. Selain P. falciparum, juga P. vivax dan P. malariae lebih banyak dijumpai pada penderita yang mempunyai sel darah merah normal daripada penderita yang mempunyai sel darah oval

Phase-dependent light propagation in atomic vapors

Light propagation in an atomic medium whose coupled electronic levels form a diamond-configuration exhibits a critical dependence on the input conditions. In particular, the relative phase of the input fields gives rise to interference phenomena in the electronic excitation whose interplay with relaxation processes determines the stationary state. We integrate numerically the Maxwell-Bloch equations and observe two metastable behaviors for the relative phase of the propagating fields corresponding to two possible interference phenomena. These phenomena are associated to separate types of response along propagation, minimize dissipation, and are due to atomic coherence. These behaviors could be studied in gases of isotopes of alkali-earth atoms with zero nuclear spin, and offer new perspectives in control techniques in quantum electronics.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, v2: typos corrected, v3: final version, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Unoccupied states of individual silver clusters and chains on Ag(111)

Size-selected silver clusters on Ag(111) were fabricated with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. Unoccupied electron resonances give rise to image contrast and spectral features which shift toward the Fermi level with increasing cluster size. Linear assemblies exhibit higher resonance energies than equally sized compact assemblies. Density functional theory calculations reproduce the observed energies and enable an assignment of the resonances to hybridized atomic 5s and 5p orbitals with silver substrate states.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in paediatric practice: an EFSUMB position statement

The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in adults is well established in many different areas, with a number of current applications deemed off-label, but the use supported by clinical experience and evidence. Paediatric CEUS is also an off-label application until recently with approval specifically for assessment of focal liver lesions. Nevertheless there is mounting evidence of the usefulness of CEUS in children in many areas, primarily as an imaging technique that reduces exposure to radiation, iodinated contrast medium and the patient-friendly circumstances of ultrasonography. This position statement of the European Federation of Societies in Ultrasound and Medicine (EFSUMB) assesses the current status of CEUS applications in children and makes suggestions for further development of this technique