Competition and Combative Advertising: An Historical Analysis

Fred K. Beard (PhD, University of Oklahoma) is a professor of advertising in the Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Oklahoma. His research interests include comparative advertising, advertising humor, and advertising history. His work has appeared in the Journal of Advertising, the Journal of Advertising Research, the Journal of Business Ethics, the Journal of Business Research, Journalism History, the Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, the Journal of Macromarketing, and the Journal of Marketing Communications, among others.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Effects of a Commercial Herbal-Based Formula on Exercise Performance in Cyclists

Introduction/Purpose: We examined the effects of a commercially marketed herbal-based formula purported to increase endurance on oxygen consumption (V̇O2) in 17 competitive category III/IV amateur cyclists [mean (SEM) age: 31.1 (1.8) yr; height: 178.5 (1.8) cm; weight: 77.1 (1.6) kg]. Methods: Each cyclist participated in two (pre/post) cycling tests progressing 25 W·4 min-1 starting at 100 W administered in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind fashion. The second trial was performed 14 d after the ingestion of a manufacturer recommended loading phase (4 d × 6 caps·d-1) and a maintenance phase (11 d × 3 caps·d-1). Three treatment capsules contained 1000 mg of Cordyceps sinensis (CS-4) and 300 mg Rhodiola rosea root extract as the primary ingredients; 800 mg of other ingredients included calcium pyruvate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ribose, and adenosine and 200 mcg of chromium. Results: Using a 2 × 2 ANOVA, we observed no significant treatment effect for any between or within group variables including peak V̇O2 [treatment 4.14 (0.2) L·min-1; placebo 4.10 (0.2) L·min-1], time to exhaustion [treatment 38.47 (1.7) min; placebo 36.95 (1.8) min], peak power output (PO) [treatment 300.00 (12.1) W; placebo 290.63 (12.9) W], or peak heart heart rate. We also observed no differences for any subpeak exercise variable including the PO eliciting 2 mmol·L-1 blood lactate (BLa) [treatment 201.00 (18.1) W; placebo 167.50 (19.2) W] and 4 mmol·L-1 BLa [treatment 235.88 (15.8) W; placebo 244.78 (14.9) W], ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, or V̇O2 L·min-1 and gross efficiency at each stage, Conclusion: A 2-wk ingestion schema of a commercial herbal-based formula is insufficient to elicit positive changes in cycling performance.Sin financiación2.525 JCR (2004) Q1, 3/71 Sport sciencesUE

Acceptability, satisfaction and cost of a model-based newsletter for elders in a cancer prevention adherence promotion strategy

Though widely used by business, industry, academia, and social service agencies as a mass communication vehicle, the effectiveness of newsletters has received limited critical review. The sound research base needed to support the use of newsletters in cancer prevention interventions was not found in the literature. This article details the development, design, use and evaluation of a health behavior model-based monthly newsletter for participants in three community-oriented cancer prevention studies. Depending on the extent of behavior change asked of them, participants reported reading 60-100% of the content. Participants in the three different cancer prevention interventions perceived the newsletters to be informative, accurate, and interesting. Costing as little as $0.36 per participant per issue, this strategy has implications for other types of field studies with similarly educated participants. The adherencepromotion strategy, of which the newsletters were a part, kept the participants in field studies long enough to test the study hypotheses and potentially improve their health, and reduce morbidity and mortality. © 1991

Acceptability, satisfaction and cost of a model-based newsletter for elders in a cancer prevention adherence promotion strategy

Though widely used by business, industry, academia, and social service agencies as a mass communication vehicle, the effectiveness of newsletters has received limited critical review. The sound research base needed to support the use of newsletters in cancer prevention interventions was not found in the literature. This article details the development, design, use and evaluation of a health behavior model-based monthly newsletter for participants in three community-oriented cancer prevention studies. Depending on the extent of behavior change asked of them, participants reported reading 60-100% of the content. Participants in the three different cancer prevention interventions perceived the newsletters to be informative, accurate, and interesting. Costing as little as $0.36 per participant per issue, this strategy has implications for other types of field studies with similarly educated participants. The adherencepromotion strategy, of which the newsletters were a part, kept the participants in field studies long enough to test the study hypotheses and potentially improve their health, and reduce morbidity and mortality. © 1991