Lactancia materna y diarrea aguda en los primeros tres meses de vida

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la lactancia materna exclusiva y sus interacciones con algunos factores socioeconómicos, en relación con la incidencia de diarrea aguda durante los primeros tres meses de la vida. Material y métodos. En la ciudad de Durango, México, en 1994 se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohorte con tres meses de seguimiento; la muestra estuvo compuesta por 327 parejas de madre y recién nacido, residentes de la ciudad de Durango, durante el periodo abril-junio de 1994. Para el análisis se utilizaron técnicas descriptivas, análisis bivariados y modelos multivariados de regresión logística con efectos aleatorios. Resultados. Los niños que no reciben lactancia exclusiva al seno materno tienen un riesgo significativamente elevado de padecer diarrea aguda desde el inicio de la vida (RMlactancia mixta= 3.23; IC 95% 1.84-5.68 y RMlactancia artificial=4.36; IC 95% 2.32-8.19). Además, el efecto protector de la lactancia al seno materno es independiente del que tienen factores de riesgo tales como la educación materna deficiente, la falta de apoyo social y el hecho de que la madre sea adolescente. Sin embargo, en el caso especial del saneamiento ambiental encontramos evidencia de una posible modificación del efecto respecto al tipo de lactancia ( DG=9.26; p=0.09), que se traduce en una razón de momios para la carencia de agua y drenaje mayor que la suma de las RM para cada condición por separado (RMno agua/no drenaje = 2.58; IC 95% 1.10-6.03, en el modelo multivariante final). Conclusiones. Al igual que estudios previos encontramos que la lactancia exclusiva al seno materno tiene una gran importancia, a pesar de que en el entorno persistan condiciones adversas ligadas a la pobreza y al subdesarrollo socioeconómico. En especial, parece que la protección que confiere la lactancia al seno es todavía mayor cuando se carece de las condiciones básicas de saneamiento, lo cual, a su vez, se traduce en oportunidades de intervención como el aseguramiento de la provisión de agua potable para el recién nacido. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/ 47/en

Workaholism in Brazil: measurement and individual differences

The aim of this research is the measurement and assessment of individual differences of workaholism in Brazil, an important issue which affects the competitiveness of companies. The WART 15-PBV was applied to a sample of 153 managers from companies located in Brazil, 82 (53.6%) women and 71 (46.4%) men. Ages ranged from 20 to 69 years with an average value of 41 (SD=9.06). We analyzed, on one hand, the factor structure of the questionnaire, its internal consistency and convergent (with the Dutch Work Addiction Scale - DUWAS) and criterion validity (with General Health Questionnaire - GHQ). On the other hand, we analyzed individual gender differences on workaholism. WART15-PBV has good psychometric properties, and evidence for convergent and criterion validity. Females and males differed on Impaired Communication / self-Absorption dimension. This dimension has a direct effect only on men's health perception, while Compulsive tendencies dimension has a direct effect for both genders. The findings suggest the WART15-PBV is a valid measure of workaholism that would contribute to the workers' health and their professional and personal life, in order to encourage adequate conditions in the workplace taking into account workers' individual differences

Predicting the distribution of canine leishmaniasis in western Europe based on environmental variables.

The domestic dog is the reservoir host of Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis endemic in Mediterranean Europe. Targeted control requires predictive risk maps of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), which are now explored. We databased 2187 published and unpublished surveys of CanL in southern Europe. A total of 947 western surveys met inclusion criteria for analysis, including serological identification of infection (504, 369 dogs tested 1971-2006). Seroprevalence was 23 2% overall (median 10%). Logistic regression models within a GIS framework identified the main environmental predictors of CanL seroprevalence in Portugal, Spain, France and Italy, or in France alone. A 10-fold cross-validation approach determined model capacity to predict point-values of seroprevalence and the correct seroprevalence class (20%). Both the four-country and France-only models performed reasonably well for predicting correctly the 20% seroprevalence classes (AUC >0 70). However, the France-only model performed much better for France than the four-country model. The four-country model adequately predicted regions of CanL emergence in northern Italy (<5% seroprevalence). Both models poorly predicted intermediate point seroprevalences (5-20%) within regional foci, because surveys were biased towards known rural foci and Mediterranean bioclimates. Our recommendations for standardizing surveys would permit higher-resolution risk mapping

Determination of the species generated in atmospheric-pressure laser-induced plasmas by mass spectometry techniques

We present temporal information obtained by mass spectrometry techniques about the evolution of plasmas generated by laser filamentation in air. The experimental setup used in this work allowed us to study not only the dynamics of the filament core but also of the energy reservoir that surrounds it. Furthermore, valuable insights about the chemistry of such systems like the photofragmentation and/or formation of molecules were obtained. The interpretation of the experimental results are supported by PIC simulations

Dietary flavonoids improve urinary arsenic elimination among Mexican women

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure increases risk of several diseases, including cancer. Some nutrients such as flavonoids enhance glutathione activity, which in turn play a key role in iAs elimination. Our objective was to explore whether dietary non-soy flavonoids are associated with iAs metabolism. We hypothesized that the intake of flavonoids belonging to the following groups, flavan-3-ols, flavone, flavonol, flavanone, and anthocyanidin, is positively associated with urinary dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), which is the most soluble iAs metabolite excreted. We performed a cross-sectional study that included 1027 women living in an arsenic-contaminated area of northern Mexico. Flavonoid intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Concentration of urinary iAs and its metabolites (monomethylarsonic acid and DMA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography ICP-MS. Results showed positive significant associations between DMA and the flavonoid groups flava-3-ols (beta= 0.0112) and flavones (beta= 0.0144), as well as the individual intake of apigenin (beta= 0.0115), luteolin (beta= 0.0138), and eriodictyol (beta= 0.0026). Our findings suggest that certain non-soy flavonoids may improve iAs elimination; however, there is still very limited information available regarding the consumption of flavonoids and iAs metabolism. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.CONACYT Fondo Sectorial de Investigacion en Salud y Seguridad Social [2005-2-14373, 2009-1-111384, 2010-1-140962, POCPN 2013-01-215464, FOSISS 272632]; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health [MD 001452]12 month embargo; available online 21 April 2018.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Los sistemas productivos del partido de Pergamino : resultados de una encuesta a productores

El estudio de los cambios que experimentan los sistemas de producción agropecuaria en términos de escala, orientación productiva, tecnología, resultados económicos e indicadores ambientales, es indispensable para comprender las transformaciones en los territorios. Este trabajo es parte de un proyecto que se propone realizar el monitoreo a través del tiempo de los sistemas productivos de la zona de Pergamino, caracterizando la sustentabilidad de los mismos. Los datos presentados en este reporte fueron recolectados en una detallada encuesta que se realizó entre mayo y diciembre de 2018 a productores del partido de Pergamino. El objetivo global de este estudio es generar información actualizada acerca de las explotaciones agropecuarias de la zona núcleo de la provincia de Buenos Aires y analizar los cambios ocurridos en los sistemas productivos de la región. El objetivo de esta primera publicación es presentar las estadísticas descriptivas de las encuestas y permitir que los datos recolectados estén disponibles para otros investigadores y profesionales. Este reporte es una publicación generada en el marco de los proyectos de investigación de la UNNOBA SIB 2017 “Dinámica, sustentabilidad y procesos de agregado de valor de sistemas de producción agropecuaria en el territorio del norte de Buenos Aires” y del Proyecto de INTA PNSEPT 1129023, “Diversidad, sustentabilidad y dinámica de los sistemas de producción agropecuaria”.EEA PergaminoFil: Bitar, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA). Becaria de postgrado; ArgentinaFil: Cabrini, Silvina M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Área de Economía y Sociología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Naturales y ambientales. Cátedra de Economía General y Agraria (UNNOBA-ECANA); ArgentinaFil: Orlando, L. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA); ArgentinaFil: Lingua, M. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA); ArgentinaFil: Paolilli, María Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Desarrollo Rural; ArgentinaFil: Fillat, Francisco Antonio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Economía y Sociología; ArgentinaFil: Elustondo, L. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires(UNNOBA). Becaria de postgrado; ArgentinaFil: Bevaqua, F. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA); ArgentinaFil: Senigagliesi, Carlos. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA). Escuela de Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales (ECANA); Argentin

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus and Down Syndrome Patients

We compared prevalence of hospitalization, endotracheal intubation, and death among case-patients with and without Down syndrome during pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Mexico. Likelihoods of hospitalization, intubation, and death were 16-fold, 8-fold, and 335-fold greater, respectively, for patients with Down syndrome. Vaccination and early antiviral drug treatment are recommended during such epidemics

Expanding the clinical and genetic spectra of primary immunodeficiency-related disorders with clinical exome sequencing: expected and unexpected findings

Inmunodeficiencias primarias; Secuenciación de próxima generación; Secuenciación clínica del exomaImmunodeficiències primàries; Seqüenciació de propera generació; Seqüenciació clínica d’exomesPrimary immunodeficiencies; Next generation sequencing; Clinical exome sequencingPrimary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) refer to a clinically, immunologically, and genetically heterogeneous group of over 350 disorders affecting development or function of the immune system. The increasing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has greatly facilitated identification of genetic defects in PID patients in daily clinical practice. Several NGS approaches are available, from the unbiased whole exome sequencing (WES) to specific gene panels. Here, we report on a 3-year experience with clinical exome sequencing (CES) for genetic diagnosis of PIDs. We used the TruSight One sequencing panel, which includes 4,813 disease-associated genes, in 61 unrelated patients (pediatric and adults). The analysis was done in 2 steps: first, we focused on a virtual PID panel and then, we expanded the analysis to the remaining genes. A molecular diagnosis was achieved in 19 (31%) patients: 12 (20%) with mutations in genes included in the virtual PID panel and 7 (11%) with mutations in other genes. These latter cases provided interesting and somewhat unexpected findings that expand the clinical and genetic spectra of PID-related disorders, and are useful to consider in the differential diagnosis. We also discuss 5 patients (8%) with incomplete genotypes or variants of uncertain significance. Finally, we address the limitations of CES exemplified by 7 patients (11%) with negative results on CES who were later diagnosed by other approaches (more specific PID panels, WES, and comparative genomic hybridization array). In summary, the genetic diagnosis rate using CES was 31% (including a description of 12 novel mutations), which rose to 42% after including diagnoses achieved by later use of other techniques. The description of patients with mutations in genes not included in the PID classification illustrates the heterogeneity and complexity of PID-related disorders.This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grants PI14/00405 and PI17/00660, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

Plasma dynamics studies by mass spectrometry techniques

We present temporal information obtained by mass spectrometry techniques about the evolution of plasmas generated by laser filamentation in air. The experimental setup used in this work allowed us to study not only the dynamics of the filament core but also of the energy reservoir that surrounds it. Furthermore, valuable insights about the chemistry of such systems like the photofragmentation and/or formation of molecules were obtained. The interpretation of the experimental results are supported by PIC simulations

Clinical Presentation, Management, and Evolution of Lymphomas in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An ENEIDA Registry Study

Simple Summary An increased risk of hematological malignancies, mainly lymphomas, has been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because there are scarce data about the management and evolution of lymphomas in patients with IBD, the aim of our study was to analyze these points in those patients with IBD and lymphoma diagnosis included in the prospectively maintained ENEIDA registry of GETECCU. We identified 52 patients (2.4 cases of lymphoma/1000 patients with IBD). We found that most IBD patients had been treated with thiopurines and/or anti-TNF agents before lymphoma diagnosis, and these patients were younger at diagnosis of lymphoma than those not treated with these drugs. Relapse and mortality of lymphoma were not related with these therapies. The five-year survival rate was 85% for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 84% in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. An increased risk of lymphoma has been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aims of our study were to determine the clinical presentation, the previous exposure to immunosuppressive and biologic therapies, and the evolution of lymphomas in patients with IBD. IBD patients with diagnosis of lymphoma from October 2006 to June 2021 were identified from the prospectively maintained ENEIDA registry of GETECCU. We identified 52 patients (2.4 cases of lymphoma/1000 patients with IBD; 95% CI 1.8-3.1). Thirty-five were men (67%), 52% had ulcerative colitis, 60% received thiopurines, and 38% an anti-TNF drug before lymphoma diagnosis. Age at lymphoma was lower in those patients treated with thiopurines (53 +/- 17 years old) and anti-TNF drugs (47 +/- 17) than in those patients not treated with these drugs (63 +/- 12; p < 0.05). Five cases had relapse of lymphoma (1.7 cases/100 patient-years). Nine patients (17%) died after 19 months (IQR 0-48 months). Relapse and mortality were not related with the type of IBD or lymphoma, nor with thiopurines or biologic therapies. In conclusion, most IBD patients had been treated with thiopurines and/or anti-TNF agents before lymphoma diagnosis, and these patients were younger at diagnosis of lymphoma than those not treated with these drugs. Relapse and mortality of lymphoma were not related with these therapies