Primary Angioplasty: From the Artery to the Myocardium

The prognosis of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is related to the amount of muscle loss and ventricular function deterioration caused by the event. Primary angioplasty is the most effective reperfusion strategy. Early reperfusion limits the size of the infarction and improves the prognosis. However, the incidence of death and post-AMI heart failure remains around 20% during the first year. Factors that contribute to myocardial damage are ischemia, mechanical forces, inflammation, and reperfusion injury. All those take a variable and sometimes unpredictable preponderance at different times during the evolution of acute myocardial infarction. The damage caused by the different mechanisms is irreversible; therefore, any therapeutic strategy must be preventive. Developed treatments for continuous myocardial protection could potentially preserve the myocardium during the delay of the system and during the early evolution of the event. Developed controlled reperfusion procedures where the interventional cardiologist assumes the treatment not only of the culprit vessel but also of the myocardium could potentially decrease myocardial damage, preserve ventricular function, and improve patients’ prognosis

Synonymous Codon Pair Recoding of the HIV-1 env Gene Affects Virus Replication Capacity

Synonymous codon pair deoptimization is an efficient strategy for virus attenuation; however, the underlying mechanism remains controversial. Here, we optimized and deoptimized the codon pair bias (CPB) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (env) gene to investigate the influence of env synonymous CPB recoding on virus replication capacity, as well as the potential mechanism. We found that env CPB deoptimization did not always generate attenuation, whereas CPB optimization attenuated virus replication in MT-4 cells. Furthermore, virus attenuation correlated with reduced Env protein production but not with decreased viral RNA synthesis. Remarkably, in our model, increasing the number of CpG dinucleotides in the 5' end of env did not reduce the replication capacity of HIV-1. These results indicate that factors other than CPB or CpG content may have impacted the viral fitness of the synonymously recoded study variants. Our findings provide evidence that CPB recoding-associated attenuation can affect translation efficiency. Moreover, we demonstrated that an increased number of CpGs in the 5' end of HIV-1 env is not always associated with reduced virus replication capacity

Heterologous microsatellite primers are informative for paca (Cuniculus paca), a large rodent with economic and ecological importance

Objective: This study was designed to facilitate genetic studies that would allow information on population structure and genetic diversity of natural or captive stocks of paca (Cuniculus paca), a species of ecological and socioeconomic importance, by testing cross-amplification of 20 heterologous microsatellite primer pairs developed for guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Results: Those primers that showed the best amplification profile in blood samples were subsequently applied to scats and saliva samples, to evaluate their efficiency. Of the 13 microsatellite pairs that amplified in blood, one-third (32%) were successfully amplified in saliva and scat samples. This initial work demonstrates successful cross-amplification in paca providing a solid and promising foundation for future genetic studies with this species. The ability to quantify genetic diversity using noninvasive samples from free-ranging paca is essential to developing applied management strategies for this large neotropical rodent that is not only a prey favored by wide-ranging carnivores [e.g., jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor)], but is also a species targeted by illegal hunting and wildlife trade.Fil: Roldán Gallardo, Franco Fabián. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Dematteo, Karen. Wildcare Institute at the Saint Louis Zoo; Estados Unidos. Washington University in St. Louis; Estados UnidosFil: Rinas, Miguel Angel. Gobierno de la Provincia de Misiones. Ministerio de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables; ArgentinaFil: Argüelles, Carina Francisca. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

Impact of Synonymous Genome Recoding on the HIV Life Cycle

Synonymous mutations within protein coding regions introduce changes in DNA or messenger (m) RNA, without mutating the encoded proteins. Synonymous recoding of virus genomes has facilitated the identification of previously unknown virus biological features. Moreover, large-scale synonymous recoding of the genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has elucidated new antiviral mechanisms within the innate immune response, and has improved our knowledge of new functional virus genome structures, the relevance of codon usage for the temporal regulation of viral gene expression, and HIV-1 mutational robustness and adaptability. Continuous improvements in our understanding of the impacts of synonymous substitutions on virus phenotype - coupled with the decreased cost of chemically synthesizing DNA and improved methods for assembling DNA fragments - have enhanced our ability to identify potential HIV-1 and host factors and other aspects involved in the infection process. In this review, we address how silent mutagenesis impacts HIV-1 phenotype and replication capacity. We also discuss the general potential of synonymous recoding of the HIV-1 genome to elucidate unknown aspects of the virus life cycle, and to identify new therapeutic targets

Circulating MicroRNAs as a Tool for Diagnosis of Liver Disease Progression in People Living with HIV-1

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding specific cell mRNA targets, preventing their translation. miRNAs are implicated in the regulation of important physiological and pathological pathways. Liver disease, including injury, fibrosis, metabolism dysregulation, and tumor development disrupts liver-associated miRNAs. In addition to their effect in the originating tissue, miRNAs can also circulate in body fluids. miRNA release is an important form of intercellular communication that plays a role in the physiological and pathological processes underlying multiple diseases. Circulating plasma levels of miRNAs have been identified as potential disease biomarkers. One of the main challenges clinics face is the lack of available noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the different stages of liver disease (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), particularly among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Liver disease is a leading cause of death unrelated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Here, we review and discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of liver disease in PLWH. Remarkably, the identification of dysregulated miRNA expression may also identify targets for new therapeutics

El impacto de la reforma educativa del nivel medio en la Provincia de Misiones: Nuevamente “La Secundaria” (2006 – 2010). 16H269

Actividades desarrolladas durante el período: Elaboración de instrumentos de colecta de datos (cuestionarios, entrevistas, encuestas, etc.); Aplicación de los cuestionarios y entrevistas a docentes, directivos, equipo técnico y autoridades de Nivel Medio del Sistema Educativo Provincial, en la ciudad de Posadas y localidades del Interior Provincial; Relevamiento de documentaciones producidas en el ámbito nacional ( Lineamientos Estratégicos para la Nueva Secundaria, Resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Educación y Ministerio de Educación de la Nación), en otras jurisdicciones ( Estructura Curricular de la Educación Secundaria, Diseños curriculares del Ciclo Básico y Orientado, Estructura de la Planta Funcional Docente, etc.) y en la Jurisdicción Provincial ( Estructura Curricular del Ciclo Básico y Orientado de la Nueva Secundaria, Diseño Curricular del Ciclo Básico, Debate y Conclusiones del Primer Congreso Pedagógico organizado por UDPM); Selección y Análisis de los debates y conclusiones de Congresos, Jornadas y Debates de Profesores del Nivel Medio, organizados por el Ministerio de Educación y por la Unión de Docentes de la Provincia de Misiones (UDPM); Selección de las referencias bibliográficas según los objetivos planteados para el Proyecto de Investigación; Selección y Análisis del marco normativo que regula la instrumentación de la Nueva Secundaria, teniendo en cuenta su impacto en la práctica profesional docente; Sistematización, análisis, interpretación de la información obtenida en la aplicación de cuestionarios y entrevistas a docentes, directivos y equipo técnico del Nivel Medio

Rapid and accurate quantification of isomiRs by RT-qPCR

Currently, microRNAs (miRs) are annotated as a single defined sequence (canonical), even though high-throughput small RNA sequencing has identified miR isoforms (isomiRs) that differ from their canonical counterparts in length, sequence, or both. Here we describe a simple reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based assay for quantification of the miR-100-5p_iso_3p:−2 variant. We chose miR-100-5p because the canonical sequence was underrepresented in our evaluation of human plasma. The quantification of miR-100-5p_iso_3 p:−2 from 57 plasma samples demonstrated high concordance between high-throughput RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR results (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001). Of note, we could not detect or quantify miR-100-5p in our plasma samples using a commercial TaqMan canonical miR-100-5p RT-qPCR kit. With these 57 samples, we also adapted this assay to specifically quantify the canonical sequences of miR-122-5p and miR-192-5p. Similar to the results obtained with miR-100-5p_iso_3p:−2, RT-qPCR results for miR-122-5p and miR-192-5p highly correlated with high-throughput RNA sequencing data (miR-122-5p: r = 0.44, p = 0.0005; miR-192-5p: r = 0.72, p < 0.0001). The assay described here can be easily adapted to many different identified isomiRs. Because of the high specificity of isomiRs, their reliable RT-qPCR-based quantification could provide greater resolution and higher accuracy than using canonical sequences

Effect of different gamma radiation doses on the germination and seedling growth of wheat and triticale cultivars

Plant breeding of wheat and triticale in Argentina is based on the objective of improving an individual crop, with respect to resistance to drought stress. The use of gamma radiation holds promise for physiological crop improvement. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the effect of different gamma radiation doses on the germination and seedling growth of Argentine wheat and triticale cultivars. Seeds of wheat cv. Baguette 10 and triticale cv. Espinillo INTA were irradiated at doses of 0, 50, 200, 400, 550, 700, 850 and 1000 Gy s-1. The final germination percentage (FGP), sprout length (SL) and median lethal dose (LD50) were used as metrics of germination, seedling growth and lethal dose, respectively. Two experimental designs were used. First, a completely randomized factorial was used to compare the effect of the doses within species by using ANOVA; second, a completely repeated measures design was used to evaluate the effect of days after germination on plant survival by species using a mixed linear model. The results suggest that at the early germination stage, gamma radiation limited root growth and stem length. The FGP of wheat seeds was significantly affected by gamma radiation at a dose of 550 Gy, whereas triticale seeds were significantly affected at a dose of 700 Gy. The SL of both species was similarly affected at 50 Gy. The stem mortality of wheat and triticale seeds increased at an increasing gamma radiation dose and days after germination. Finally, the LD50 value for wheat and triticale seeds was ~450 Gy. These results might be useful to set a benchmark of the effect of the gamma radiation dose to induce mutations in wheat and triticale seeds from Argentine cultivars.EEA BarrowFil: Di Pane, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Silvia Concepción. Comisión Nacional Energía Atómica (CNEA). División Aplicaciones Agronómicas; ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Domenech, Marisa Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Integrada Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Castro Franco, Mauricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Causas de la invasión de las aguas de la bahía el Ferrol a la bahía Samanco - Propuesta de solución, distrito de Nuevo Chimbote, provincia del Santa, Ancash – 2019

La siguiente investigación se llevó al cabo en el área conocida como península el Ferrol, área formada entre la bahía del Ferrol donde está ubicada la ciudad de Chimbote y la Bahía de Samanco, teniendo como principal objetivo Determinar las causas de la invasión de las aguas de la Bahía el Ferrol a la Bahía de Samanco. A su vez teniendo como planteamiento de problema ¿Cuáles son las causas de la invasión de las aguas de la bahía el Ferrol a la Bahía de Samanco? De mismo modo fue primordial determinar el tipo de suelo que se encontraba en el área así como el porcentaje de humedad que contenía obteniendo como resultado que el terreno es arena mal graduada, además se buscó conocer las cotas de playa de la península el Ferrol obteniendo como resultado la existencia de desniveles entre ambas playas, se determinó el nivel batimétrico de las costas cercanas obteniendo como resultado profundidades promedias cerca de las costas de 0 a 3m, utilizando una metodología descriptiva no experimenta y al conocer las causas de la invasión de las aguas se planteó una propuesta de solución. Después de conocer las causas que provocaban la presencia de aguas dentro de la península el Ferrol en un área conocida como marisma, se llegó a la conclusión que era producto de los desniveles entre la Bahía el Ferrol y la Península el Ferrol provocando que el área en desnivel sea propensa a las inundaciones, conociendo las causas se optó por proponer un plan de control de erosión evitando dañar el ecosistema presente en la zona, utilizando para ello geotubos geosintéticos con el fin de que la propuesta sea económica y amigable con el medio ambiente