Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de una planta que procese y transforme el cacao en pasta en cantón Mocache Provincia de los Ríos.

El trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito cambiar la tradición de exportar nuestra pepa de oro en bruto e indagar el proceso de transformación del cacao en sus derivados, mediante la implementación de una planta procesadora de cacao para la obtención de la pasta. La producción cacaotera ha ocupado una considerada parte de la superficie agrícola del país y de la subregión andina. En el caso de la provincia de Los Ríos, es la segunda del país con mayor producción de cacao común con un 22 % de la superficie total. Se ha optado por estudiar la validación de implementar una planta procesadora de cacao en el Cantón Mocache, provincia de Los Ríos. La implementación de la planta generará más recursos y empleo en la zona, así como dará un valor agregado al grano de cacao, permitiendo su comercialización como un producto de calidad, sabor y aroma

¿Ha cambiado el patrón de consumo alimentario de la población española del año 2006 al 2011 en plena crisis económica?

Antecedentes/Objetivos: El consumo de alimentos es un indicador que mide calidad de la dieta y estado nutricional. El consumo está influido directamente por la estructura de precios relativos a los alimentos. El objetivo es determinar y comparar la calidad de la dieta de la población española entre los años 2006 y 2011, y su relación con las variables socioeconómicas. Métodos: Estudio trasversal utilizando los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2006 y 2011. La muestra de la ENS-06 está compuesta por 29.478 personas, mujeres 15.019; hombres 14.459, y la del 2011 por 20.884 personas, mujeres 10.696; hombres 10.188. Variables: sexo, edad, grupos de alimentos, frecuencia de consumo, clase social (clase I, II y III hacen referencia a trabajos no manuales, clase IV y V trabajos manuales) y nivel de estudios. Se calculó el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IASE) a partir de los grupos de alimentos, frecuencia de consumo y recomendaciones dietéticas (SENC, 2004). El IASE clasifica la alimentación en: saludable, necesita cambios y poco saludable. Se calculó la tasa de variación entre los dos años y se realizó un contraste de proporciones. Se utilizó el programa Excel y el paquete estadístico SPSS 20.0. Resultados: La prevalencia de hombres con alimentación saludable ha aumentado 7,6% respecto al 2006 (p-valor = 0,001), mientras que las mujeres con alimentación poco saludable ha aumentado 3,7%. Las personas de 45-64 años con una alimentación poco saludable han aumentado un 42,9% respecto al 2006 (p-valor = 0,001). Sin embargo los jóvenes de 16-24 años con alimentación poco saludable han disminuido un 29,5% (p-valor < 0,001). La población sin estudios con una alimentación poco saludable ha aumentado un 76,5% (p-valor < 0,001). La población con trabajos no manuales (clase I), como directivos de empresas que se alimentan saludablemente ha aumentado 14,3% respecto al 2006 (p-valor = 0,001), y la población con trabajos manuales (clase IV) que se alimenta saludablemente ha disminuido un 9,9%. Conclusiones: Las personas con mejores trabajos no-manuales han mejorado su alimentación, mientras que la población con trabajos manuales con alimentación poco saludable también han aumentado. La crisis económica actual puede estar influyendo en los cambios observados en la calidad de la dieta de la población española

Análisis de punto de cambio dentro del control estadístico de procesos

El Análisis de Punto de Cambio es una parte del Control Estadístico de Calidad que aparece por primera vez alrededor de 1954 y en las últimas tres décadas ha sido ampliamente estudiado por investigadores e ingenieros de diferentes áreas del conocimiento. En este artículo proveeremos una explicación que cubre: sus orígenes, las aportaciones más importantes, las áreas en que se ha aplicado, las líneas actuales de investigación, el futuro y un ejemplo basado en el caso de la función de distribución Gamma. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es familiarizar a los lectores con esta nueva tecnología

The bicycle and the dream of a sustainable city: An explorative comparison of the image of bicycles in the mass-media and the general public

This paper explores the representation of the bicycle by comparing data from various mass media sources and the general public in Italy. In study 1, a number of commercial advertisements published on paper magazines and aired by the major TV channels, as well as 405 articles published by the major online newspapers were content analysed in order to identify the main concepts and evaluations characterising the representation of bikes in the media. In study 2, 94 Rome residents were interviewed on their beliefs regarding the pros and cons of using the bike in the city and their perceived social approval. Results showed several points of overlap between the two representations, although different themes and structures emerged as well

Inibidores do SGLT-2: um passo em frente no tratamento da ICFEr

© Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, quality of life and healthcare costs. Despite the positive impact of disease-modifying therapies developed over the last four decades, HF mortality and hospitalization remain high. We aim at reviewing the evidence supporting the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, as a novel strategy for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treatment. The consistent observation of a reduction in HF hospitalizations in type-2 diabetes cardiovascular safety trials EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, DECLARE-TIMI 58 and VERTIS raised the hypothesis that SGLT-2 inhibitors could have an impact in HF treatment. This hypothesis was first confirmed in 2019 with the DAPA-HF publication showing that dapagliflozin on top of optimized HFrEF therapy, reduced HF-hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality. This was reinforced by the EMPEROR-Reduced publication in 2020 showing that empagliflozin on top of optimized HFrEF therapy, reduced HF-hospitalizations. Both studies established SGLT-2 inhibitors as a fourth pillar of HFrEF prognosis-modifying therapy, in addition to the gold standard triple neurohormonal modulation/blockade.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The prince and the pauper. A tale of anticancer targeted agents

Cancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate, from 10 million new cases globally in 2000 to 15 million in 2020. Regarding the pharmacological treatment of cancer, we currently are in the interphase of two treatment eras. The so-called pregenomic therapy which names the traditional cancer drugs, mainly cytotoxic drug types, and post-genomic era-type drugs referring to rationally-based designed. Although there are successful examples of this newer drug discovery approach, most target-specific agents only provide small gains in symptom control and/or survival, whereas others have consistently failed in the clinical testing. There is however, a characteristic shared by these agents: -their high cost-. This is expected as drug discovery and development is generally carried out within the commercial rather than the academic realm. Given the extraordinarily high therapeutic drug discovery-associated costs and risks, it is highly unlikely that any single public-sector research group will see a novel chemical "probe" become a "drug". An alternative drug development strategy is the exploitation of established drugs that have already been approved for treatment of non-cancerous diseases and whose cancer target has already been discovered. This strategy is also denominated drug repositioning, drug repurposing, or indication switch. Although traditionally development of these drugs was unlikely to be pursued by Big Pharma due to their limited commercial value, biopharmaceutical companies attempting to increase productivity at present are pursuing drug repositioning. More and more companies are scanning the existing pharmacopoeia for repositioning candidates, and the number of repositioning success stories is increasing. Here we provide noteworthy examples of known drugs whose potential anticancer activities have been highlighted, to encourage further research on these known drugs as a means to foster their translation into clinical trials utilizing the more limited public-sector resources. If these drug types eventually result in being effective, it follows that they could be much more affordable for patients with cancer; therefore, their contribution in terms of reducing cancer mortality at the global level would be greater

A proteomic approach to identify biomarkers of foal meat quality: A focus on tenderness, color and intramuscular fat traits

Foal meat is considered a healthy alternative to other meat sources and more environmentally sustainable. However, its quality is highly variable and there is lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying its determination. Genotype and diet play a relevant role as the main factors that can allow a control of the final quality and the use of high-throughput analytical methods such as proteomics is a way to achieve this lofty goal. This research aimed to study-two breeds (Burguete and Jaca Navarra) supplemented with two different finishing diets: conventional concentrate and straw (C) vs silage and organic feed (S). The proteomic approach built a library of 294 proteins that were subjected to several statistical and bioinformatic analyses. Burguete breed finished with concentrate produced higher meat quality in terms of tenderness, intramuscular fat and color lightness mainly due to the high abundance of energy metabolic proteins. Tenderness was correlated to myofibrillar proteins (ACTA1, MYBPH, MYL1 and TNNC1) and energy metabolic proteins (ALDOA, CKM, TPI1 and PGMA2). Regarding color, the main pathways were energy metabolism, involving several glycolytic enzymes (ALDOA, PKM, PFKM and CKM). Oxidative stress and response to stress proteins (HSPA1A, SOD2 and PRDX2) were further involved in color variation. Moreover, we revealed that several proteins were related to the intramuscular fat accordingly to the breed. This study proposed several candidate protein biomarkers for foal meat quality that are worthy to evaluate in the futureThis research was funded by Interreg V SUDOE, through OPEN2PRESERVE project, Grant No. SOE2/P5/E0804S