Cytological and molecular characterization of wheat lines with Thinopyrum intermedium chromosome additions, substitutions and translocations resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is the most serious viral disease affecting wheat and genes for BYDV resistance have not been found in wheat. BYDV-resistant alien addition and alien substitution lines produced from a wheat × Thinopyrum intermedium (species of Agropyron complex) cross were characterized. Chromosome pairing in the hybrids between two substitution lines showed that they had the same Th. intermedium chromosome. Likewise, two addition lines involved the same alien chromosome. In situ hybridization of chromosomes, confirmed that line P29 is a disomic substitution line. Double monosomic seeds and self-pollinated seeds from monosomic addition plants were irradiated to induce translocations between wheat and Th. intermedium chromosomes. Putative translocations were selected on the basis of BYDV resistance and studied by chromosome analysis, Southern hybridization using Thinopyrum specific probe and RFLP markers. A BYDV-resistant translocation was identified

Inheritance studies of apple scab resistance and identification of Rvi14, a new major gene that acts together with other broad-spectrum QTL

Scab, caused by the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis, is the most common disease of cultivated apple (Malus domestica). The fungal races 6 and 7 have now overcome the major resistance gene Vf, which is widely used in apple breeding programmes. New breeding strategies to achieve durable resistance are thus necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic basis of quantitative resistance of the apple cultivar ‘Du¨lmener Rosenapfel’, known to be scab resistant under different environmental conditions. An F1 progeny derived from the cross between the susceptible cultivar ‘Gala’ and ‘Du¨lmener Rosenapfel’ was tested in a greenhouse with a multi-isolate inoculum of V. inaequalis. Rvi14, a new major gene that conditions a chlorotic-type reaction, was mapped on linkage group (LG) 6 in a genomic region not known to be involved in disease resistance. A further three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance were identified. One co-localized with Rvi14 on LG6, whereas the remaining two were detected on LG11 and LG17, in genomic regions already reported to carry broad-spectrum QTL in other genetic backgrounds. Since a selective genotyping approach was used to detect QTL, an expectation-maximization (EM) computation was used to estimate the corrected QTL contributions to phenotypic variation and was validated by entire progeny genotyping

Wheat functional genomics and engineering crop improvement

Genetic mapping and determination of the organization of the wheat genome are changing the wheat-breeding process. New initiatives to analyze the expressed portion of the wheat genome and structural analysis of the genomes of Arabidopsis and rice are increasing our knowledge of the genes that are linked to key agronomically important traits

On belonging: landscape and photography in South Africa

Abstract This research thesis examines how place, space and landscape constitute belonging. I discuss the different meanings of place: how it figures in relation to geography, space and landscape and how place constitutes a sense of belonging. My interest lies in how people, especially the Afrikaner, constructed and imagined space, place and landscape in South Africa to assert identity and belonging; also, how land and landscape act as an ideological tool, in which social, cultural and political meanings are embedded. I concentrate on how photography assisted in shaping the geographical imagination of the British Empire, to assess how it impacted on place and belonging in South Africa. The concluding chapter examines my practical work while completing my masters degree. I investigate landscape, history, memory and identity through photography in an attempt to find a sense of belonging. I explore how the photographic image may contain layers of meaning ‘underneath’ its immediate perceived and physical surface, in an attempt to evoke history and memory

Propuesta de mejora de los factores relevantes del control interno del área de almacén en la central piurana de asociaciones de pequeños productores de banano orgánico de la ciudad de Sullana en el año 2019.

El trabajo de investigación titulado “Propuesta de mejora de los factores relevantes del Control Interno del Área de Almacén en la Central Piurana de Asociaciones de Pequeños Productores de Banano Orgánico de la Ciudad de Sullana en el Año 2019”, tuvo como objetivo general determinar las oportunidades de control interno que mejoren las posibilidades en la central piurana de Asociaciones de pequeños productores de banano orgánico CEPIBO de la ciudad de Sullana en el año 2019. La investigación fue descriptiva, transversal, no experimental; se escogió de manera dirigida una muestra de 04 trabajadores del área de almacén, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de 31 preguntas. Obteniendo como principales resultados que el área de almacén de la empresa no cuenta con un organigrama; Manual de Procedimientos que les permita definir las responsabilidades y procesos del área; así mismo la información de los kardex no está actualizada; no se supervisa frecuentemente las existencias en almacén. Se concluyó que no existe un organigrama, ni un Manual de Procedimientos, a su vez no se le otorga al personal reconocimientos o incentivos por su buen desempeño y responsabilidad, ni se realizan capacitaciones. La información contenida en los Kardex no representa los saldos reales físicos, no se corrobora el ingreso y salida de los materiales e insumos de almacén Vs. Sistema contable. Para las oportunidades de mejora se propuso implementar un Manual de Procedimientos en el que se detalle un organigrama definiendo las responsabilidades, actividades y procesos a desarrollar dentro del área y un Plan de Contingencia con el fin de establecer posibles soluciones ante posibles riesgos.Tesi

Influence of the tourism industry on the Australian economy

Australia is a country in the southern hemisphere between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The capital city is Canberra and the biggest one is Sydney. The population of Australia is about 24 million people. It is composed of six states, two major mainland territories, and other minor territories. The main language is English and the official currency is the Australian dollar (AU$). The Australian emblem is a flower called the Golden Wattle. It is a very interesting tourist destination with over six million tourist visitors per year, who predominately visit the big cities along the coast combined with the „bush“ – the interior part, also full of exotic and beautiful tourist destinations. The majority of them arrive from the neighbouring country New Zealand, then from China, the USA, Malaysia and Singapore. From Europe most of the visitors are from Germany. As this continent was developing far from the rest of the world there are many specific types of flora and fauna, which together with a specific relief, climate and specific gastronomic elements make Australia an exceptionally attractive tourist destination with Sydney, Melbourne and the Golden Coast as most frequently visited. Generally, tourism is the most developing branch of industry globally in the world and it is predicted that it will be growing in the future too. Tourism makes an important contribution to the Australian GDP and therefore a contribution to the entire Australian economy. Tourism in Australia is still growing

Phenotypic evaluation and genetic analysis of seedling emergence in a global collection of wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under limited water availability

The challenge in establishing an early-sown wheat crop in southern Australia is the need for consistently high seedling emergence when sowing deep in subsoil moisture (>10 cm) or into dry top-soil (4 cm). However, the latter is strongly reliant on a minimum soil water availability to ensure successful seedling emergence. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate 233 Australian and selected international wheat genotypes for consistently high seedling emergence under limited soil water availability when sown in 4 cm of top-soil in field and glasshouse (GH) studies; (2) ascertain genetic loci associated with phenotypic variation using a genome-wide association study (GWAS); and (3) compare across loci for traits controlling coleoptile characteristics, germination, dormancy, and pre-harvest sprouting. Despite significant (P 85%) across nine environments. Moreover, 21 environment-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected in GWAS analysis on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5B, 5D, and 7D, indicating complex genetic inheritance controlling seedling emergence. We aligned QTL for known traits and individual genes onto the reference genome of wheat and identified 16 QTL for seedling emergence in linkage disequilibrium with coleoptile length, width, and cross-sectional area, pre-harvest sprouting and dormancy, germination, seed longevity, and anthocyanin development. Therefore, it appears that seedling emergence is controlled by multifaceted networks of interrelated genes and traits regulated by different environmental cues

Phenotypic Evaluation and Genetic Analysis of Seedling Emergence in a Global Collection of Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Limited Water Availability

The challenge in establishing an early-sown wheat crop in southern Australia is the need for consistently high seedling emergence when sowing deep in subsoil moisture (>10 cm) or into dry top-soil (4 cm). However, the latter is strongly reliant on a minimum soil water availability to ensure successful seedling emergence. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate 233 Australian and selected international wheat genotypes for consistently high seedling emergence under limited soil water availability when sown in 4 cm of top-soil in field and glasshouse (GH) studies; (2) ascertain genetic loci associated with phenotypic variation using a genome-wide association study (GWAS); and (3) compare across loci for traits controlling coleoptile characteristics, germination, dormancy, and pre-harvest sprouting. Despite significant (P 85%) across nine environments. Moreover, 21 environment-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected in GWAS analysis on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5B, 5D, and 7D, indicating complex genetic inheritance controlling seedling emergence. We aligned QTL for known traits and individual genes onto the reference genome of wheat and identified 16 QTL for seedling emergence in linkage disequilibrium with coleoptile length, width, and cross-sectional area, pre-harvest sprouting and dormancy, germination, seed longevity, and anthocyanin development. Therefore, it appears that seedling emergence is controlled by multifaceted networks of interrelated genes and traits regulated by different environmental cues