Seducciones homoeróticas de medio siglo: estrategias de representación del deseo en la poesía de Jorge Cáceres y Jorge Onfray

The next article analyzes the literary production of Jorge Cáceres and Jorge Onfray, two poets whose work are relevant to study the representation of the subjectivity and the homoerotic spaces existing in the Chilean culture during the fifties decade. Thus, the hypothesis postulated is that both poets turn to a seductive enunciation to say and unsay, deceptively, the divergent masculinity of their poetic voices. Cáceres works with surrealism and Onfray with carnival and a marvelous language. In both cases, these are rhetoric strategies that, through occultation and allegory, allows these poets to overcome the censorship and criminalization exercised through this time against the public expression of homoerotic desire.En el siguiente trabajo se analiza la producción literaria de Jorge Cáceres y Jorge Onfray, dos poetas cuya obra resulta relevante para examinar la representación de la subjetividad y los espacios de homoerotismo que existen en la cultura chilena alrededor de los años cincuenta. Así, se plantea la hipótesis de que ambos poetas recurren en sus textos a una enunciación seductiva que dice y desdice, engañosamente, la masculinidad divergente de sus voces poéticas. Cáceres trabaja con el surrealismo y Onfray con un lenguaje carnavalesco y maravilloso. En ambos casos, se trata de estrategias retóricas que, por medio del ocultamiento y la alegorización, les permite a estos poetas burlar la censura y la criminalización ejercidas en esta época contra la expresión pública del deseo homoerótico

Automating property-based testing of evolving web services

Web services are the most widely used service technology that drives the Service-Oriented Computing~(SOC) paradigm. As a result, effective testing of web services is getting increasingly important. In this paper, we present a framework and toolset for testing web services and for evolving test code in sync with the evolution of web services. Our approach to testing web services is based on the Erlang programming language and QuviQ QuickCheck, a property-based testing tool written in Erlang, and our support for test code evolution is added to Wrangler, the Erlang refactoring tool. The key components of our system include the automatic generation of initial test code, the inference of web service interface changes between versions, the provision of a number of domain specific refactorings and the automatic generation of refactoring scripts for evolving the test code. Our framework provides users with a powerful and expressive web service testing framework, while minimising users' effort in creating, maintaining and evolving the test model. The framework presented in this paper can be used by both web service providers and consumers, and can be used to test web services written in whatever language; the approach advocated here could also be adopted in other property-based testing frameworks and refactoring tools

La instrucción gramatical y la lengua materna en la era post-método

Este artículo propone un momento de reflexión para replantear algunas de las máximas pedagógicas que, contradiciendo lo que desde la “esfera académica” se estableció hace años –décadas, en algunos casos- continuan vigentes en la actualidad en algunos programas de formación y entornos de enseñanza de E/LE. Así, abordaremos dos ejemplos concretos de exclusión axiomática: la exclusión de la instrucción gramatical explícita y de la lengua materna del estudiantes –o de cualquier otra lengua vehicular, como el inglés- de la clase de E/LE. Analizaremos las razones por la que estos “tabúes” o “vetos” deberían ser abandonados y propondremos la gramática cognitiva como una de las herramientas posibles para superar estas y otras dicotomías artificiales. ( This paper suggests a moment to rethink some of the pedagogical believes that, despite of the advances and advices sent from the “academic sphere” years ago –or decades ago, in some cases- they still rule some teaching formation programs and educational E/LE (Spanish as a second language) environments. We will analyze two specific axioms whose validity, according to the present state of the art, should be questioned at least: the ban of explicit grammar instruction and the ban of the student’s mother tongue in the Spanish ASL classroom. We will analyze the reasons for which these “taboos” or “vetos” should be abandoned and we will propose Cognitive Grammar as a possible solution to surpass this and other artificial dicotomies )

La gramática visual del español

Este artículo investiga las posibilidades analíticas y descriptivas que ofrece el lenguaje visual aplicado al estudio de fenómenos gramaticales del español y su viabilidad como plataforma de introducción de dichos fenómenos en el aula de español como lengua extranjera. A continuación se definen las características del uso funcional del lenguaje gráfico como medio de representación de elementos gramaticales, que hemos denominado: imagen metalingüística. Finalmente, se ofrecen algunos ejemplos de imagen metalingüística de algunos fenómenos gramaticales del español que resultan especialmente problemáticos en el aula de ELE. (This article peeks into the analytic and descriptive possibilities that the application of visual language can offer when applied to the description of Spanish grammar phenomena and its viability as a device to introduce such phenomena in the Spanish as a foreign language (E/LE) classroom. Secondly, the characteristics of the functional use of visual language as a tool of grammar representation –which we have called metalinguistic image– are defined. Finally, some metalinguistic image analysis of controversial Spanish grammar points in E/LE classroom are given as an example of this kind of analysis)

Un análisis cognitivista de las perífrasis modales de obligación: la alternancia entre «deber + infinitivo» y «tener que + infinitivo»

Este artículo ofrece un análisis cognitivista de dos perífrasis modales de obligación que frecuentemente se presentan como equivalentes -«deber + infinitivo» y «tener que + infinitivo»-. Con este estudio intentaremos alcanzar una nueva imagen metalingüística de las dos construcciones que supere la disparidad de caracterizaciones ambiguas y hasta contradictorias que de estas estructuras ofrece la gramática tradicional, ofreciendo una definición esquemática del valor prototípico de cada construcción. El resultado de este análisis nos permitirá proponer que la confusión que generan estas estructuras tanto en el ámbito teórico como en la docencia de español surge del hecho de que ambas construcciones perfilan un mismo concepto a partir de diferentes fondos. La imagen metalingüística resultante, al resolver esta cuestión, ofrece posibilidades de contribución tanto a nivel teórico –como complemento a las descripciones tradicionales– como aplicado a la enseñanza de E/LE

Methods to study the roles of Rho GTPases in platelet function

Platelets are a critical cell for prevention of bleeding. Part of the response to the formation of the thrombus is the activation of the actin cytoskeleton, with an inability to effectively activate the cytoskeleton linked to thrombus formation defects and instability. The control of this process is linked to activation of the Rho GTPases, Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA, although additional small GTPases such as Rif and Rap have been shown to play roles in platelet function.Here we describe the methodology to accurately understand how Rho GTPases are activated in platelets. Due to the technical limitations of working with platelets, such as their lack of ability to be transfected, the majority of work has been carried out either using inhibitors of Rho GTPases or within knockout mouse models. Studies can be conducted both in suspension samples and in spread platelets. In suspension the platelets will undergo a shape change response, but will not be able to spread. In spread platelets it is possible to examine the effects of the matrix environment, such as concentration, type, and stiffness on Rho GTPase function within platelet activation and platelet spreading

On the Credibility of the Irish Pound in the EMS

This paper assesses the degree of credibility of the Irish Pound in the European Monetary System between 1983 and 1997. Different credibility indicators proposed in the literature are used to measure agents’ perceptions of the credibility of the ERM commitment in an attempt to distinguish between events stemming from problems in the ERM itself and those that appear to have been exclusive to Ireland.

Desempeño económico: diferencias de pequeñas empresas clasificadas según la estructura de la propiedad del capital

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio del desempeño de la Sociedad Laboral Navarra, a través del análisis de sus resultados económicos y financieros. El período de análisis se refiere a 1994-2003. Compararemos estos resultados con los obtenidos, para el mismo periodo, por la Sociedad Mercantil convencional Navarra, e inferiremos, a partir del estudio comparado, en aquellas características que diferencian, desde el marco de la función financiera, el comportamiento de las Sociedades Laborales (LOFs) de las Sociedades Mercantiles convencionales (PCFs).The primary purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of the labour-managed firms of Navarre, Spain, through an analysis of their economic and financial measures of performance during the 1994-2003 period. We also conduct a similar analysis of the financial and economic indicators of the mercantile firms of Navarre during the same time frame and identify the indexes that reflect competitive advantage to either type of firm.L'objectif de ce travail est l'étude du dégagement de la Société De travail la Navarre, à travers de l'analyse de ses résultats économiques et financiers. La période d'analyse se réfère à 1994-2003. Nous comparerons ces résultats aux obtenus, pour la même période, par la Société Mercantile conventionnelle la Navarre, et nous conclurons, à partir de l'étude comparée, dans ces caractéristiques qu'ils distinguent, depuis le cadre de la fonction financière, le comportement des Sociétés De travail (LOFs) des Sociétés Mercantiles conventionnelles (PCFs)

A model based on clinical parameters to identify myocardial late gadolinium enhancement by magnetic resonance in patients with aortic stenosis: An observational study

Objective With increasing age, the prevalence of aortic stenosis grows exponentially, increasing left heart pressures and potentially leading to myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and adverse outcomes. To identify patients who are at greatest risk, an outpatient model for risk stratification would be of value to better direct patient imaging, frequency of monitoring and expeditious management of aortic stenosis with possible earlier surgical intervention. In this study, a relatively simple model is proposed to identify myocardial fibrosis in patients with a diagnosis of moderate or severe aortic stenosis. Design Patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis were enrolled into the study; patient characteristics, blood work, medications as well as transthoracic echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance were used to determine potential identifiers of myocardial fibrosis. Setting The Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Participants One hundred and thirteen patients in derivation cohort and 26 patients in validation cohort. Main outcome measures Identification of myocardial fibrosis. Results Three blood biomarkers (serum platelets, serum urea, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and left ventricular ejection fraction were shown to be capable of identifying myocardial fibrosis. The model was validated in a separate cohort of 26 patients. Conclusions Although further external validation of the model is necessary prior to its use in clinical practice, the proposed clinical model may direct patient care with respect to earlier magnetic resonance imagining, frequency of monitoring and may help in risk stratification for surgical intervention for myocardial fibrosis in patients with aortic stenosis