Comportamiento de cultivares de soja frente al síndrome de la muerte súbita. Actualización campañas 2014/15 A 2019/20

El síndrome de la muerte súbita de la soja (SMS) es causado por cuatro especies de hongos incluidos en el complejo Fusarium solani. En Argentina, F. tucumaniae es la especie predominante, seguida por F. virguliforme. El uso de cultivares parcialmente resistentes es la práctica más efectiva para el control de esta enfermedad. Para identificar cultivares resistentes es necesario realizar evaluaciones en diferentes años o localidades debido a que la manifestación de los síntomas es muy dependiente de los factores ambientales. Desde el ciclo del cultivo 2014/15 al 2019/20, se evaluó el comportamiento frente al SMS de 200 cultivares de grupo de madurez (GM) III a VIII incluidos en la Red Nacional de Evaluación de cultivares de soja (RECSO), en un lote con infestación de F. tucumaniae en la localidad de Inriville, Córdoba. Los cultivares de cada GM se dispusieron en bloques incompletos y se sembraron en parcelas de 2 surcos x 3 m, con tres repeticiones. Se registraron la incidencia y la severidad (escala 0 a 5) de los síntomas foliares en el estadio fenológico R6 y se calculó el índice de enfermedad (IE = incidencia x severidad/5). Los datos de IE de los seis años se utilizaron para comparar los cultivares con el test LSD (P=0,05). El IE varió entre 0.3 y 2.2 en el GM II-III, 0.2 y 4.9 en el GM IV, 0.3 y 7.1 en el GM V, 0.7 y 8.8 en el GM VI y 1.2 y 8.8 en el GM VII-VIII. De acuerdo con la comparación de medias, se identificaron cultivares con distinto comportamiento frente al SMS, algunos de los cuales se diferenciaron entre sí en forma consistente a través de las campañas estudiadas. Esta información es de utilidad para la elección de cultivares en lotes con presencia de la enfermedad; sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta que el comportamiento de los mismos puede variar entre campañas y/o localidades, según las condiciones ambientales o por diferencias patogénicas entre poblaciones de las distintas especies causantes del SMS.EEA Marcos JuárezFil: Lenzi, Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Conde, María Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Vissani, Cristian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Gadban, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Carrio, Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentin

Comportamiento de cultivares de soja frente al síndrome de la muerte súbita. Actualización campañas 2015/16 a 2020/21

El síndrome de la muerte súbita (SMS) es una enfermedad presente en los principales países productores de soja (Wrather et al., 2001). En Argentina se encuentra actualmente en todas las regiones sojeras (Distéfano et al., 2006). Se identificaron, hasta el momento, cuatro especies de hongos del genero Fusarium causantes de esta enfermedad. En nuestro país, la especie predominante es F. tucumanie, seguida por F. virguliforme, aunque también se detectaron F. crassistipitatum y F. brasiliense (O´Donnell et al., 2010). Estos hongos habitan el suelo donde sobreviven como micelio en restos de raíces o rastrojos, o en forma de clamidosporas por varios años. Infectan únicamente las raíces, pero generan toxinas que al ser traslocadas a las hojas pueden ocasionar clorosis y necrosis internerval, defoliación prematura y muerte de las plantas.EEA Marcos JuárezFil: Lenzi, Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Conde, María Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Vissani, Cristian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Gadban, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Carrio, Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentin

Comportamiento de cultivares de soja frente al síndrome de la muerte súbita. Actualización campañas 2013/14 a 2018/19

El síndrome de la muerte súbita (SMS), es una enfermedad presente en los principales países productores de soja (Wrather et al., 2001). En Argentina se encuentra actualmente en todas las regiones sojeras (Distéfano et al., 2006). Se identificaron, hasta el momento, cuatro especies de hongos del genero Fusarium causantes de esta enfermedad. En nuestro país, la especie predominante es F. tucumanie, seguida por F. virguliforme, aunque también se detectaron F. crassistipitatum y F. brasiliense (O´Donnell et al., 2010). Estos hongos habitan el suelo donde pueden sobrevivir como micelio en restos de raíces o rastrojos, o en forma de clamidosporas. Infectan únicamente las raíces, pero generan toxinas que al ser traslocadas a las hojas pueden ocasionar clorosis y necrosis internerval, defoliación prematura y muerte de las plantas. Los síntomas foliares generalmente se observan en los estadios reproductivos del cultivo y la enfermedad comúnmente se presenta en manchones, debido principalmente a la distribución desuniforme del hongo en el terreno.EEA Marcos JuárezFil: Lenzi, Lisandro German. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Grupo Mejoramiento de Soja; ArgentinaFil: Conde, María Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Grupo Mejoramiento de Trigo; ArgentinaFil: Vissani, Cristian Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes, Francisco Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Grupo Mejoramiento de Soja; ArgentinaFil: Gadban, Laura Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Mejoramiento VegetalFil: Carrio, Alejandro Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Bernardi, Clarisa Noelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentin

Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance against soybean sudden death syndrome caused by Fusarium tucumaniae

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as regiões genômicas responsáveis pela resistência ao Fusarium tucumaniae sp. nov., agente causador da síndrome da morte súbita (SDS) da soja na América do Sul, utilizando-se uma população com background genético diferente daqueles relatados, anteriormente, para o Fusarium virguliforme sp. nov. (F. solani f. sp. glycines), também responsável por SDS em soja. Embora genes de efeito maior e locos de características quantitativas (QTL) para resistência a SDS tenham sido identificados, pouco se conhece sobre essa mesma doença causada por Fusarium tucumanie sp. nov., na América do Sul. Com a finalidade de identificar fatores genéticos relacionados com a resistência a F. tucumaniae e marcadores de DNA associados a esses fatores, foram conduzidas análises de QTL em linhagens puras recombinantes. A localização de quatro locos identificados diferem de QTL anteriormente descritos para resistência à SDS. Uma linha heterozigótica residual (RHL) foi analisada e mostrou-se heterozigótica próxima ao QTL mais efetivo, RSDS1, e homozigótica para outras regiões genômicas. O efeito genético de RSDS1 foi confirmado, usando-se linhas quase-isogênicas derivadas da RHL. Observou-se que a linha homozigótica para o genótipo Misuzudaizu mostrou resistência similar à da linha homozigótica para o genótipo Moshidou Gong 503.The objective of this work was to identify genomic regions that underlie resistance to Fusarium tucumaniae sp. nov., the causing agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS) in soybean in South America, using a population with a genetic background different from that previously reported for Fusarium virguliforme sp. nov. (F. solani f. sp. glycines), also responsible for SDS in soybean. Although major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SDS resistance have been identified, little is known about the same disease caused by Fusarium tucumaniae sp. nov., in South America. To identify genetic factors related to resistance to F. tucumaniae and DNA markers associated with them, a QTL analysis was performed using recombinant inbred lines. The map locations of the four loci, here identified, differed from those SDS resistance QTL previously described. It was screened a residual heterozygous line (RHL), which was heterozygous around the most effective QTL, RSDS1, and homozygous for the other genomic regions. The genetic effect of RSDS1 was confirmed using near-isogenic lines (NIL) derived from the RHL. The line which was homozygous for the Misuzudaizu genotype showed resistance levels comparable with that of the line homozygous for the Moshidou Gong 503 genotype

The positive impact of anaerobic co-digestion on greenhouse gas reduction (GHG)

El objetivo del trabajo fue medir la huella de carbono de la planta de digestión anaeróbica (DA) utilizando definiciones y directrices establecidas en la normativa europea. El inventario de GEI muestra los conceptos incluidos para estimar la huella de carbono a lo largo del ciclo productivo (Ciclo de vida parcial de producto). La unidad de medida sobre la que se cuantificó el impacto en el estudio fue KgCO2eq./KWh. También se determinaron las reducciones o los beneficios ambientales generados por la planta de DA de los residuos de faena porcina y residuo de cribado de maíz, en comparación con los valores de emisiones generados por la producción de energía eléctrica a partir de combustibles fósiles informados por la secretaria de energía de Argentina.The objective of the work was to measure the carbon footprint of the anaerobic digestion (AD) plant using definitions and guidelines established in European regulations. The GHG inventory shows the concepts included to estimate the carbon footprint throughout the production cycle (partial product life cycle). The unit of measurement used to quantify the impact of the study was KgCO2 eq./KWh. The environmental reductions or benefits generated by the AD plant from swine slaughter waste and corn screening waste were also determined in comparison with the values of emissions generated by the production of electricity from fossil fuels as reported by the Argentine Energy Secretariat.Fil: Galvan, Maria Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María; ArgentinaFil: Degano, Salvador. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María; ArgentinaFil: Badín, Francisco Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María; ArgentinaFil: Cagnolo, Mara Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María; ArgentinaFil: Becker, Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María; ArgentinaFil: Manno, Roberto Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María. Universidad Nacional de Villa María. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, Diego Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados; ArgentinaFil: Hilbert, Jorge Antonio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes Mora, Mauren. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño; Argentin

Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance against soybean sudden death syndrome caused by Fusarium tucumaniae

The objective of this work was to identify genomic regions that underlie resistance to Fusarium tucumaniae sp. nov., the causing agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS) in soybean in South America, using a population with a genetic background different from that previously reported for Fusarium virguliforme sp. nov. (F. solani f. sp. glycines), also responsible for SDS in soybean. Although major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SDS resistance have been identified, little is known about the same disease caused by Fusarium tucumaniae sp. nov., in South America. To identify genetic factors related to resistance to F. tucumaniae and DNA markers associated with them, a QTL analysis was performed using recombinant inbred lines. The map locations of the four loci, here identified, differed from those SDS resistance QTL previously described. It was screened a residual heterozygous line (RHL), which was heterozygous around the most effective QTL, RSDS1, and homozygous for the other genomic regions. The genetic effect of RSDS1 was confirmed using near-isogenic lines (NIL) derived from the RHL. The line which was homozygous for the Misuzudaizu genotype showed resistance levels comparable with that of the line homozygous for the Moshidou Gong 503 genotype

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case–Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case-control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March-July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3-5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8-4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09-0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection