El Documento de Voluntades Anticipadas como instrumento de planificación ético-jurídico: especial atención a la salud mental

La relación médico-paciente se encuentra en un proceso de cambio y evolución hacia un tratamiento más humano, sustentado sobre el principio de autonomía, con el objetivo de respetar los derechos del paciente y no sólo imponer la voluntad del médico. Un instrumento que salvaguarda esta situación es el Documento de Voluntades Anticipadas, como extensión del consentimiento informado. A pesar de su regulación internacional y nacional, en ciertos contextos, como el de la salud mental, el modelo hegemónico-paternalista sigue imperando y nos preguntamos por qué

Characterization of deposits on double J stents

We have characterized the types of encrustations that form on ureteral stents. The deposit that generates blocks is composed of hydroxyapatite/magnesium ammonium phosphate (44%). Calcium oxalate dihydrate was also detected at a high degree of encrustation (13%). Hydroxyapatite deposits, also of high degree of encrustation (13%) are generated due to their formation as a consequence of persistently high urinary pH values. The formation of large uric acid deposits (31%) must be attributed to the persistence of urinary $\mathrm{pH} < 5.5$. To avoid development of encrustations of ureteral stents, urinary calcium levels and urinary pH control should be carried out, avoiding urinary infections

Green electroluminescence of Al/Tb/Al/SiO2 devices fabricated by electron beam evaporation

In this work, the fabrication and the structural, optical and electrical properties of Al-Tb/SiO2 nanomultilayers have been studied. The nanomultilayers were deposited by means of electron beam evaporation on top of p-type Si substrates. Optical characterization shows a narrow and strong emission in the green spectral range, indicating the optical activation of Tb3+ ions. The electrical characteriza-tion revealed conduction limited by the electrode, although trapped-assisted mechanisms can also contribute to transport. The electroluminescence analysis revealed also emission from Tb3+ ions, yielded promising results to in-clude this material in future optoelectronics applications as integrated emitting devices

Characterization of deposits on double J stents

We have characterized the types of encrustations that form on ureteral stents. The deposit that generates blocks is composed of hydroxyapatite/magnesium ammonium phosphate (44%). Calcium oxalate dihydrate was also detected at a high degree of encrustation (13%). Hydroxyapatite deposits, also of high degree of encrustation (13%) are generated due to their formation as a consequence of persistently high urinary pH values. The formation of large uric acid deposits (31%) must be attributed to the persistence of urinary $\mathrm{pH} < 5.5$. To avoid development of encrustations of ureteral stents, urinary calcium levels and urinary pH control should be carried out, avoiding urinary infections

Resposta dels Serveis Socials de la Mancomunitat del Pla de Mallorca a les persones grans de la Mancomunitat del Pla

El present article efectua un recorregut al llarg de la Mancomunitat del Pla de Mallorca per tal de poder exposar les prestacions i els serveis que té a la seva disposició la nostra gent gran. Cal tenir en compte que la Mancomunitat del Pla de Mallorca és la zona més envellida de la nostra illa: aquesta realitat fa que a l’hora de planificar des dels Serveis Socials Comunitaris, es prioritzi el sector de la gent gran. El 2008 els Serveis Socials Comunitaris de la Mancomunitat del Pla de Mallorca varen implementar el sistema de dependència, la qual cosa ens ha permès realitzar unes reflexions per afrontar el futur amb uns serveis de qualitat i adaptats a la realitat d’una societat en permanent canvi. Aquest fet ha suposat un gran esforç per part de l’equip tècnic del Departament de Serveis Socials Comunitaris, ja que s’ha hagut de reestructurar de bell nou per adaptar-se a aquesta realitat, amb el convenciment de treballar per millorar i apropar els serveis a la ciutadania dels municipis del Pla de Mallorca.El presente artículo efectúa un recorrido a lo largo de la Mancomunitat Pla de Mallorca con el fin de poder exponer las prestaciones y servicios que están a disposición de nuestros mayores. Se tiene que tener en cuenta que la Mancomunitat Pla de Mallorca es la zona más envejecida de nuestra Isla, esta realidad hace que a la hora de planificar desde los servicios sociales comunitarios se priorice el sector de las personas mayores. En el 2008 los servicios sociales comunitarios de la Mancomunitat Pla de Mallorca implementaron el sistema de dependencia, lo cual nos ha permitido realizar unas reflexiones para encarar un futuro con unos servicios de calidad y adaptados a la realidad de una sociedad en permanente cambio. Este hecho ha supuesto un gran esfuerzo por parte del equipo técnico del departamento de servicios sociales comunitarios, ya que se ha tenido que reestructurar de nuevo para adaptarse a esta realidad, con el convencimient

Effect of Si3N4-mediated inversion layer on the electroluminescence properties of silicon nanocrystal superlattices

The achievement of an efficient all-Si electrically-pumped light emitter is a major milestone in present optoelectronics still to be fulfilled. Silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) are an attractive material which, by means of the quantum confinement effect, allow attaining engineered bandgap visible emission from Si by controlling the NC size. In this work, SiO2-embedded Si NCs are employed as an active layer within a light-emitting device structure. It is demonstrated that the use of an additional thin Si3N4 interlayer within the metal-insulator-semiconductor device design induces an enhanced minority carrier injection from the substrate, which in turn increases the efficiency of sequential carrier injection under pulsed electrical excitation. This results in a substantial increase in the electroluminescence efficiency of the device. Here, the effect of this Si3N4 interlayer on the structural, optical, electrical, and electro-optical properties of a Si NC-based light emitter is reported, and the physics underlying these results is discussed

Structural and optical properties of Al-Tb/SiO2 multilayers fabricated by electron beam evaporation

Light emitting Al-Tb/SiO2 nanomultilayers (NMLs) for optoelectronic applications have been produced and characterized. The active layers were deposited by electron beam evaporation onto crystalline silicon substrates, by alternatively evaporating nanometric layers of Al, Tb, and SiO2. After deposition, all samples were submitted to an annealing treatment for 1 h in N2 atmosphere at different temperatures, ranging from 700 to 1100 °C. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the NML structure quality, and by complementing the measurements with electron energy-loss spectroscopy, the chemical composition of the multilayers was determined at the nanoscopic level. The average composition was also measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), revealing that samples containing Al are highly oxidized. Photoluminescence experiments exhibit narrow emission lines ascribed to Tb3+ ions in all samples (both as-deposited and annealed ones), together with a broadband related to SiO2 defects. The Tb-related emission intensity in the sample annealed at 1100 °C is more than one order of magnitude higher than identical samples without Al. These effects have been ascribed to the higher matrix quality, less SiO2 defects emitting, and a better Tb3+ configuration in the SiO2 matrix thanks to the higher oxygen content favored by the incorporation of Al atoms, as revealed by XPS experiments

Medidas tributarias en época de crisis económica

[spa]El trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo pretende analizar los efectos económicos y sociales de las medidas tributarias llevadas a cabo por el gobierno durante la crisis económica actual. Durante el trabajo se han analizado las modificaciones realizadas en los tributos más importantes que componen nuestro sistema impositivo desde el año 2008 hasta la actualidad. El objetivo era comprobar si el incremento de los tipos impositivos ha contribuido realmente a la reducción del déficit público y observar el impacto social que han tenido las medidas de política fiscal contractiva. Una vez analizadas dichas modificaciones y sus efectos se puede concluir que las modificaciones realizas en nuestro sistema tributario con la finalidad de incrementar la recaudación impositiva para subsanar el déficit público no han tenido los efectos esperados. Además de no incrementar la recaudación y no haber reducido el déficit, las políticas llevadas a cabo han generado un incremento de la economía sumergida y una reducción de la renta disponible de las familias, lo que se traduce en una reducción del consumo. A todo ello se han añadido los recortes en educación y sanidad y la reducción de las facilidades crediticias debido al gran número de activos tóxicos que reúnen los bancos.[eng]The investigation was done in order to analyze the economic and social effects due to the tax measures implemented by the government during the current economic crisis. During the investigation, I’ve analyzed the most important changes in our tax system since 2008 to the present. The aim was to check if the increase in tax rates has really helped to reduce the public deficit and observe the social impact they have had the contractive fiscal policy measures. With the investigation about tax changes and their effects I conclude that the changes in our tax system in order to collect more money and reduce our public deficit haven’t had the expected effects. Besides not increase revenue and did not reduce the deficit, the policies implemented by the government have produced an increase of the shadow economy and a reduction in household disposable income, which translates into a reduction in consumption. Moreover, the government had to reduce the money that they spend in education and health. The reductions of credit facilities due to the large number of toxic assets that banks have get the situation worse

Three-dimensional genomic structure and cohesin occupancy correlate with transcriptional activity during spermatogenesis

Altres ajuts: Agaur SGR468 to M.A.M-R. A.P.-G. is supported by a 'Doctorats Industrials' predoctoral fellowship (AGAUR). H.H. is a Miguel Servet (CP14/00229) researcher funded by the Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII)Mammalian gametogenesis involves dramatic and tightly regulated chromatin remodeling, whose regulatory pathways remain largely unexplored. Here, we generate a comprehensive high-resolution structural and functional atlas of mouse spermatogenesis by combining in situ chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and meiotic cohesins, coupled with confocal and super-resolution microscopy. Spermatogonia presents well-defined compartment patterns and topological domains. However, chromosome occupancy and compartmentalization are highly re-arranged during prophase I, with cohesins bound to active promoters in DNA loops out of the chromosomal axes. Compartment patterns re-emerge in round spermatids, where cohesin occupancy correlates with transcriptional activity of key developmental genes. The compact sperm genome contains compartments with actively transcribed genes but no fine-scale topological domains, concomitant with the presence of protamines. Overall, we demonstrate how genome-wide cohesin occupancy and transcriptional activity is associated with three-dimensional (3D) remodeling during spermatogenesis, ultimately reprogramming the genome for the next generation

Three-dimensional genomic structure and cohesin occupancy correlate with transcriptional activity during spermatogenesis

Mammalian gametogenesis involves dramatic and tightly regulated chromatin remodeling, whose regulatory pathways remain largely unexplored. Here, we generate a comprehensive high-resolution structural and functional atlas of mouse spermatogenesis by combining in situ chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and meiotic cohesins, coupled with confocal and super-resolution microscopy. Spermatogonia presents well-defined compartment patterns and topological domains. However, chromosome occupancy and compartmentalization are highly re-arranged during prophase I, with cohesins bound to active promoters in DNA loops out of the chromosomal axes. Compartment patterns re-emerge in round spermatids, where cohesin occupancy correlates with transcriptional activity of key developmental genes. The compact sperm genome contains compartments with actively transcribed genes but no fine-scale topological domains, concomitant with the presence of protamines. Overall, we demonstrate how genome-wide cohesin occupancy and transcriptional activity is associated with three-dimensional (3D) remodeling during spermatogenesis, ultimately reprogramming the genome for the next generation.This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2017-89408-R to A.M.P.; BFU2013-47736-P and BFU2017-85926-P to M.A.M.-R.; and CGL2014-54317-P and CGL2017-83802-P to A.R.-H.) and the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (DI2015 to A.R.-H. and R.A.C., as well as SGR468 to M.A.M-R.). Work at CRG, BIST, and UPF was in part funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017’ (SEV-2012-0208), and ‘Centro de Excelencia María de Maeztu 2016-2019.’ CIC-IBMCC is supported by the Programa de Apoyo a Planes Estratégicos de Investigación de Estructuras de Investigación de Excelencia, co-funded by Junta de Castilla y León (CSI239P18) and the European Regional Development Fund (CLC–2017–01). C.V. is supported by a FPI predoctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2015-072924). A.P.-G. is supported by a ‘Doctorats Industrials’ predoctoral fellowship (AGAUR). H.H. is a Miguel Servet (CP14/00229) researcher funded by the Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), and FEDER (SAF2017-89109-P). C.M. is an Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) postdoctoral fellow. M.A.M.-R. acknowledges support by the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 (ERC grant agreement 609989) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement 676556). A.M.P. and A.R.-H. also acknowledge support from MeioNet (BFU2015-71786-REDT)