F2:F3b Ratio and BOC-Adjusted PHC F3 Approach to Resolving False Detections of Crude Oil and Diesel Drilling Waste in Clean Soils and Manure Compost

The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) endorsed the Reference Method for the Canada-Wide Standard (CWS) for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil – Tier 1 Method in 2001. The purpose of the CWS is to provide laboratories with analytical methods for producing accurate and reproducible PHC soil chemistry analysis results. CWS PHC concentrations are reported according to the following carbon ranges/fractions: F1 (C6-C10), F2 (C10-C16), F3 (C16-C34) and F4 (>C34). The Canada-wide Standards for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil provide generic soil quality guidelines for the each of the four PHC fractions. The CWS PHC extraction solvents inadvertently co-extract natural biogenic organic compounds (BOC) from organic soils. BOCs, such as waxes and fatty acids, are produced by living organisms such as plants, animals and microbes. PHC analysis of highly organic clean soils and manure compost can cause false exceedences of the F3 soil quality guidelines. This thesis presents a new mathematical Tier 2 approach to resolving biogenic interferences through the use of biogenic versus petrogenic Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) chromatogram patterns produced by the CWS PHC Tier 1 method. This approach is based on the results of four studies: i) 300-day crude oil contaminated peat and sand microcosm experiment; ii) 300-day diesel drilling waste contaminated manure compost and sand microcosm experiment; iii) PHC analysis of 14 light to heavy crude oils and iv) Canadian background PHC soil field survey. These studies determined that the clean soils and compost had F3 ranges that were dominated by the F3b sub-fraction range (C22-C34). In contrast, the F3a (C16-C22) and F3b sub-fraction ranges were evenly distributed in the 14 fresh light to heavy crude oils. The diesel drilling waste was strongly dominated by the F3a sub-fraction range. The second important trend was that F2 concentrations were either non-detectable or slightly detectable in all of the clean soils and compost samples. In contrast, F2 concentrations were strongly prevalent in all of the crude oils and in the diesel drilling waste. F2 and F3b concentrations were applied to the F2:F3b ratio, which identified PHC absence in the clean materials (0.10 ratio) in the contaminated materials. The %F3a:%F3b distributions were applied to the BOC-adjusted PHC F3 calculation, which estimated true PHC F3 concentrations in the clean and contaminated soils and manure compost. The combination of these two approaches provided an accurate and efficient solution to resolving false detections of crude oil and diesel PHCs and false exceedences of F3 soil toxicity guidelines by in clean soils and compost

Using MapMyFitness to Place Physical Activity into Neighborhood Context

It is difficult to obtain detailed information on the context of physical activity at large geographic scales, such as the entire United States, as well as over long periods of time, such as over years. MapMyFitness is a suite of interactive tools for individuals to track their workouts online or using global positioning system in their phones or other wireless trackers. This method article discusses the use of physical activity data tracked using MapMyFitness to examine patterns over space and time. An overview of MapMyFitness, including data tracked, user information, and geographic scope, is explored. We illustrate the utility of MapMyFitness data using tracked physical activity by users in Winston-Salem, NC, USA between 2006 and 2013. Types of physical activities tracked are described, as well as the percent of activities occurring in parks. Strengths of MapMyFitness data include objective data collection, low participant burden, extensive geographic scale, and longitudinal series. Limitations include generalizability, behavioral change as the result of technology use, and potential ethical considerations. MapMyFitness is a powerful tool to investigate patterns of physical activity across large geographic and temporal scales

New information on olenelline trilobites from the Early Cambrian Sekwi Formation, Northwestern Canada

This is the author's accepted manuscript, the published version is available at http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/E10-073#.U21JO4FdXUL .A new species of olenelline trilobite, Nevadella keelensis, is described from the Early Cambrian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) in the Sekwi Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Canada. The difficulty in discerning between Nevadia Walcott, 1910 and Nevadella Raw, 1936 is discussed, and a revision of the two genera is suggested, particularly with the addition of Nevadella keelensis n. sp. A holmiid trilobite, perhaps conspecific with Esmeraldina rowei (Walcott, 1910), was also confirmed from the same locality. The E. sp. aff. rowei represents the narrow form of a species known for great variability in cephalic form. The trilobite material comes from a low diversity, shallow water, peritidal facies that was not sampled in previous studies of Cambrian fossils in the area, and could prove useful in facilitating biostratigraphic correlation across the Selwyn Basin and with other parts of Laurentia as well

FEIRA DE TROCAS SOLIDÁRIAS

INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - CAMPUS PO

A potência feminista a partir de um olhar histórico: a Tribuna da Primeira Conferência Mundial da Mulher e o desejo de transformar tudo

Verónica Gago theorizes la potencia feminista as an alternative theory of power. Departing from the multiple forms of oppression that subjugate women, the author theorizes the desire to change everything. We propose to revisit the discussions held at the Tribune of the World Conference of the International Women’s Year, 1975, through la potencia feminista. Amidst the Cold War, thousands of women - from the global south and north, from socialist and capitalist countries - gathered for the first time to discuss their role in society. These women gathered at the Tribune and made themselves visible; in assembly, they discussed the multiple forms of oppression to which they were subjected. Discussions abounded, differences multiplied, and unanimities were scarce. Yet, we found at the Tribune an embryo of la potencia feminista as the desiring capacity which still spurs the historical fight for equality. Departing from historical documents and direct reports from those who attended the event, we conclude that it is evident the desire of those women to change power structures and to displace the limits to which they were subjected to, even among their own heterogeneity. Relying on the international diffusion literature, we also conclude that the Tribune left valuable contributions that were transnationally spread and translated, which still nowadays orient feminist movements.Verónica Gago desenvolve a potência feminista como teoria alternativa de poder. A partir das múltiplas opressões que recaem sobre as mulheres, a autora teoriza o desejo de transformar tudo. Propomos revisitar as discussões da Tribuna da Primeira Conferência Mundial da Mulher, 1975, a partir da potência feminista. Em meio à Guerra Fria, milhares de mulheres - do sul e do norte globais, de países socialistas e capitalistas - se reuniram pela primeira vez para discutir seu papel na sociedade. As mulheres se reuniram na Tribuna e tornaram-se visíveis; em assembleia, discutiram as opressões a que eram submetidas. As discussões foram numerosas, as diferenças se multiplicaram e as unanimidades foram escassas, mas é possível encontrar na Tribuna um embrião da potência feminista como capacidade desejante que segue impulsionando a luta histórica pela igualdade. Por meio da análise de documentos históricos e de relatos das participantes, concluímos ser evidente o desejo das participantes de mudar as estruturas de poder e deslocar os limites a que foram submetidas, mesmo em sua heterogeneidade. Revisitando a literatura de difusão internacional, concluímos, ainda, que a Tribuna deixou valiosas contribuições, difundidas e traduzidas de forma transnacional, e que ainda hoje orientam os movimentos feministas

A potência feminista a partir de um olhar histórico: a Tribuna da Primeira Conferência Mundial da Mulher e o desejo de transformar tudo

Verónica Gago theorizes la potencia feminista as an alternative theory of power. Departing from the multiple forms of oppression that subjugate women, the author theorizes the desire to change everything. We propose to revisit the discussions held at the Tribune of the World Conference of the International Women’s Year, 1975, through la potencia feminista. Amidst the Cold War, thousands of women - from the global south and north, from socialist and capitalist countries - gathered for the first time to discuss their role in society. These women gathered at the Tribune and made themselves visible; in assembly, they discussed the multiple forms of oppression to which they were subjected. Discussions abounded, differences multiplied, and unanimities were scarce. Yet, we found at the Tribune an embryo of la potencia feminista as the desiring capacity which still spurs the historical fight for equality. Departing from historical documents and direct reports from those who attended the event, we conclude that it is evident the desire of those women to change power structures and to displace the limits to which they were subjected to, even among their own heterogeneity. Relying on the international diffusion literature, we also conclude that the Tribune left valuable contributions that were transnationally spread and translated, which still nowadays orient feminist movements.Verónica Gago desenvolve a potência feminista como teoria alternativa de poder. A partir das múltiplas opressões que recaem sobre as mulheres, a autora teoriza o desejo de transformar tudo. Propomos revisitar as discussões da Tribuna da Primeira Conferência Mundial da Mulher, 1975, a partir da potência feminista. Em meio à Guerra Fria, milhares de mulheres - do sul e do norte globais, de países socialistas e capitalistas - se reuniram pela primeira vez para discutir seu papel na sociedade. As mulheres se reuniram na Tribuna e tornaram-se visíveis; em assembleia, discutiram as opressões a que eram submetidas. As discussões foram numerosas, as diferenças se multiplicaram e as unanimidades foram escassas, mas é possível encontrar na Tribuna um embrião da potência feminista como capacidade desejante que segue impulsionando a luta histórica pela igualdade. Por meio da análise de documentos históricos e de relatos das participantes, concluímos ser evidente o desejo das participantes de mudar as estruturas de poder e deslocar os limites a que foram submetidas, mesmo em sua heterogeneidade. Revisitando a literatura de difusão internacional, concluímos, ainda, que a Tribuna deixou valiosas contribuições, difundidas e traduzidas de forma transnacional, e que ainda hoje orientam os movimentos feministas

Oral vitamin A supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infected gilts enhances IgA and lactogenic immune protection of nursing piglets

International audienceAbstractVitamin A (VA) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system and is critical for mucosal immune function and intestinal lymphocyte trafficking. We hypothesized that oral VA supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected pregnant gilts would enhance the gut-mammary gland-secretory IgA axis to boost lactogenic immunity and passive protection of nursing piglets against PEDV challenge. Gilts received daily oral retinyl acetate (30 000 IU) starting at gestation day 76 throughout lactation. At 3–4 weeks pre-partum, VA-supplemented (PEDV + VA) and non-supplemented (PEDV) gilts were PEDV or mock inoculated (mock + VA and mock, respectively). PEDV + VA gilts had decreased mean PEDV RNA shedding titers and diarrhea scores. To determine if lactogenic immunity correlated with protection, all piglets were PEDV-challenged at 3–5 days post-partum. The survival rate of PEDV + VA litters was 74.2% compared with 55.9% in PEDV litters. Mock and mock + VA litter survival rates were 5.7% and 8.3%, respectively. PEDV + VA gilts had increased PEDV IgA antibody secreting cells and PEDV IgA antibodies in serum pre-partum and IgA+β7+ (gut homing) cells in milk post piglet challenge compared with PEDV gilts. Our findings suggest that oral VA supplementation may act as an adjuvant during pregnancy, enhancing maternal IgA and lactogenic immune protection in nursing piglets